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Key:
Red: Place Names
Green: Cultural reasons
Blue: Path of the supposed Lapita colonization

I suggest opening the full map for easier viewing. The full map can be viewed at:

https://www.canva.com/design/DAFAixBhnao/oD09mxsmhavyfa30WCwh5w/view?utm_content=DAFAixBhnao&utm_campaign=share_your_design&utm_medium=link&utm_source=shareyourdesignpanel

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Check out this poster designed by Olivia Charlotte Berends.

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View the timeline here:
https://padlet.com/0075261/l2fxdzpmr2ial5ta

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- The name the Polynesian settlers gave to New Zealand : Aotearoa, Means "land of the long white cloud".

- The Lapita people were not the first people to migrate across Polynesia, the people of mainland Asia attempted to do it in       50,000 BCE -25,000 BCE, but only got as far as Melanesia, probably due to the basic technology of their rafts.

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Who were the Lapita people and how may they have colonized Polynesia

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Who were the Lapita people and how may they have colonized Polynesia

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The theory of Polynesian colonization by the Lapita people is the most widely accepted theory of Polynesian colonization. The theory is that the Lapita people left Taiwan in canoes and, using island hopping, migrated throughout Polynesia. This theory is supported by lingual evidence, DNA evidence and artifacts found.

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Island hopping was a strategy used by the Lapita people to colonize Polynesia. Island hopping involves making stops at small islands to gather supplies and "hopping" from island to island.

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Feld, E. D., 2000, The Incan Origin Myth, Retrieved from: http://waypointweichel.weebly.com/uploads/8/6/8/1/86813862/incan_creation_myth.pdf

Irwin, G, 8 Feb 2005, Pacific Migrations, Retrieved from: https://teara.govt.nz/en/pacific-migrations

Tintazul, 19 march 2021, Map of The Pacific, Retrieved from: https://www.worldhistory.org/image/13659/map-of-polynesia/

23 May 2022, East Timor, Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Timor

People of the Pacific, Retrieved from: https://globaleducation.edu.au/case-studies/people-of-the-pacific.htmlhttps://globaleducation.edu.au/case-studies/people-of-the-pacific.html

The Kon Tiki Museum, Kon Tiki, Retrieved from: https://www.kon-tiki.no/expeditions/kon-tiki-expedition/

20 April 2020, The Polynesian Expansion Across the Pacific, Retrieved from: https://libguides.stalbanssc.vic.edu.au/polynesian-expansion#:~:text=Between%20c.,of%20the%20islands%20they%20settled.

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Another prominent theory of Polynesian colonization is Thor Heyerdahl's theory of a migration from South America. Heyerdahl doesn't have sole ownership over the theory however; it was first advocated for by 19th century scholars before being properly tested and popularized by Heyerdahl. The theory has been subject to a lot of scrutiny, with much evidence against and for it; it is still uncertain how correct it is.

The black line on the above map shows the path of migration in Heyerdahl's theory.

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On 20th April 1937 Thor Heyerdahl set sail from Peru, and 110 days later arrived at a reef by the Raroia atoll in Polynesia. Heyerdahl proved the Polynesians could have feasibly sailed through Polynesia starting in Peru. He called the raft Kon Tiki.

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There are to main versions of the legend of Kon-Tiki Viracocha, both support Heyerdahl's theory. The first is that Kon- Tiki Viracocha was a great chief, who set sail on a balsawood raft into the west. The second is more far fetched but more common, and states that Kon-Tiki Viracocha was a god who disappeared walking across the pacific ocean into the sunset. While the first one is more likely, both variations of the Incan Legend point towards there being a real historical figure who sailed west from Peru; possibly starting the migrations across Polynesia.

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Other pieces of evidence for Heyerdahl's Theory

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Other pieces of evidence for Heyerdahl's Theory

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Sweet potatoes (kumara) are found across Polynesia yet originated in South America. This suggests the Polynesians brought them over in their boats. Stone structures and pyramids of similar construction to ones in South America have been found throughout Polynesia.

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In Tuvalu, a native legend tells of a "large house under the sea". The legend was revealed to have a strong basis in fact when two divers discovered a cave with fire-blackened walls (showing the cave had been used as a dwelling) 40 meters below the surface. The Pottery dates the Lapita settlement of the area to around 3,000 years ago but the cave has been underwater for 14,000 to 8,000 years. This shows the island had possibly been settled before, and the Lapita settlers somehow heard about the previous settlers cave. Its Possible that the first settlers could have came from South America and arrived when the cave was above water, before the Lapita people.

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At Lapita on the coast of New Caledonia, distinctive red pottery with circular patterns was discovered. Based on carbon dating, experts think the pottery is around 3000 years old. The pottery has been found in many places in the pacific, which suggests the people took it with them as they migrated. The scientists date the different pieces of pottery found across the pacific to help get an approximate timeline of the migration.

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DNA/genetic evidence suggests that Polynesian, Melanesian, Torres Strait Islander, South-East Asian and Han Chinese peoples are all descended from one ancient group of people.

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The Austronesian language family is found throughout most of the Pacific. Linguistic evidence (variations and similarities) shows it originated in Taiwan around 5,200 years ago and moved through South-East Asia, along New Guinea and into Polynesia. This would follow the theory of Polynesian colonization from Taiwan.

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Timorese origin myths tell of ancestors who sailed around the eastern end of Timor arriving on land in the south. This makes sense as to the main theory of the Polynesians sailing east from Taiwan. They could have gone down from Taiwan, though South East Asia and stopped at Timor before or just after reaching Papua new guinea. It is unclear for around how long the Polynesians remained in Timor before moving on.

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Tetun belongs to the Austronesian language family and we can see where Tetun fits in in the adaption of Austronesian languages as the Polynesians migrated.

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If Heyerdahl's theory is correct, then the Timorese myths of ancestors sailing around the east of Timor would still make sense, in fact it would make more sense for the travelers to stop at the east side (the side they first came to) instead of sailing all the way around to the east side when they could have stopped on the west side.

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The motives for migration change a lot over time. We don't really know what caused the Lapita people to leave Taiwan, but after that, the reasons for migration seem to be mostly curiosity. However, as time goes on we see the reasons for migration become more drastic, up until Rapa Nui, where deforestation and lack of resources to the point of cannibalism cannibalism was the incentive to migrate to New Zealand.