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The psychologist was interested in finding out whether dream themes differed between males and females, particularly in terms of social interaction. She decided to conduct a pilot study. Twenty undergraduate students (8 male and 12 female) volunteered for the study. For a six-week period the students were interviewed at 9 am each morning when they arrived at university. Interviewers, who did not know the purpose of the study, carried out and recorded the dream interviews.

# data[].attributes.subject
The psychologist was interested in finding out whether dream themes differed between males and females, particularly in terms of social interaction. She decided to conduct a pilot study. Twenty undergraduate students (8 male and 12 female) volunteered for the study. For a six-week period the students were interviewed at 9 am each morning when they arrived at university. Interviewers, who did not know the purpose of the study, carried out and recorded the dream interviews.

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What is meant by a pilot study? Explain one possible reason why the psychologist decided to conduct a pilot study for this investigation.  (3 Marks)

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Table 2 Percentage of friendly and aggressive social interactions in dreams reported bymales and females

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Table 2 Percentage of friendly and aggressive social interactions in dreams reported bymales and females

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A total of 375 dreams reported by males included social interaction. Use the data in Table 2 to calculate how many of these dreams reported by males were classified as aggressive. Show your workings. (2 Marks)

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C

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Qualitative data is numerical

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It is easier to collect through self report methods, and also easier to interpret when drawing conclusion

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When the bias of the researcher effects the results, if they know the aims they might ask questions that evoke a specific response. This could be avoided by having a standardised set of questions that must be followed

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qualitative data is descriptive data.                            it is good because it can provide in depth detail into a field of research - here dreams which are hard to quantify.

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the researcher unknowingly influences the results. to avoid they could do a structured interview with set questions

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A pilot study is a smaller scale version of the main study carried out before to check the method will be appropriate and to change anything.
In this study this could have been to check whether the time, 9am, is a good time to interview the students

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Two separate people code part of the data > calculate a measure of inter-observer reliability

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transcript > read/re-read to transcripts > identify themes > work through transcriptions identifying examples of each theme > e.g. flying- 5 examples, so number 5 next to it > organise themes into hierarchy of occurrence > main theme > sub themes branching off > e.g. flying as a superhero > result in family tree-like map

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The interview data should be analysed and the researcher could create a list of themes which are common in the interviews, such as falling or running, and make a tally of every time they appear. These themes and subthemes could then be organised into a hierarchy.

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Use several investigators to assess the themes which are present in the interviews. This provides strong inter-rater reliability.