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How to write scientific Arguments

- Claim
- Statement supported by evidence
- Explanation of Claim
- Evidence collected by observation or experimentation
- Evidence = data from the real world or model
- Why it matters how it supports the claim
- Reasoning
- Level of Certainty
- must have a lot of data for high certainty
- Explanation of Certainty Level
- Why there is uncertainty (different possibilities)
- Completeness of the evidence
- Biases in the evidence
- Changes that could affect the trends over time

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How Scientists Hunt For Planets

Doppler Technique:
- observe the wobble of the star

Transit Method:
- planet causes the starlight to slightly dim as it passes in front of the host star
- Depth of transit is deeper the larger the planet

Light Curve
- changing brightness in a star
- star has spots, planet is passing in front, flares in the star

Kepler Telescope Data

Small planets and planets w larger orbital periods are harder to track

Atmospheric pressure allows water to remain liquid on the surface of the celestial body.

Living things are made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxegyn, Phosphorus, Nitrogen and sulfur

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Finding Planets Using the Transit Method
- Light intensity decreases the larger the planet's diameter
- Bigger planets are easier to detect using the light-intensity method

Importance of Angle
- The smaller the tilt the more effect it has on the light intensity of the star
- At 90 degrees you wont be able to detect a planet

Instruments scientists use to measure light intensity have noise in the data

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Habitable Conditions

Scale on which stars are classified by their surface temps: M, K, G, F, A, B, and O
- M = lowest temp
- O = highest temp

- Cooler stars are redder, hotter stars are bluer
- Cooler stars are less bright than hotter stars
- Hotter stars burn fuel quicker resulting in a shorter lifespan

- The hotter the star the further the planet can be while still having a surface temperature that can support water

Goldilocks zone = the limited zone around each planet in which liquid water can exist (the surface of the planet is not too hot to where the water evaporates but not too cold where it will freeze).

- Some close orbiting planets around orange and red stars may be habitable because of the movement of heat between the hot and cold sides of the planet.