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Before you start, please write your Group Member's names and class

1) How has the Singapore River changed since the 1960s?

2) How has the legacy of the Singapore River endured or been preserved as we move into 2026 and beyond?

3) How has Singapore's water sustainability changed since the 1960s? has it become more or less sustainable?

4a) What are the benefits of the Marina Barrage?

4b) What are the impacts and consequences of Marine Barrage?

4c) Overall, do you think Marina Barrage does more harm than good or more good than harm? Why?

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1. In the 1970s, the river would haveother boys diving and swimming at the mouth of the highly polluted river.

Rubbish and waste covered the surface of the blackish water and a foul smell perpetually stained the wind – until the massive clean-up operation of the late '70s began, transforming the river into a shiny, gleaming waterway. In the late 1990s, people frequently visiting Boat Quay and Clarke Quay for food, drinks and entertainment. In just a few short decades, the shophouses and godowns had become restaurants, pubs, karaoke joints and discotheques. The bumboats had been replaced by passenger cruises.

Singaporeans of all ages now enjoy clean, tree-lined streets, orderly housing estates, shiny malls and skyscrapers.

2. The legacy of the Singapore River is preserved through a continued focus on balancing its heritage with modern use, a strategy managed by stakeholders like the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA). This is achieved by maintaining conserved historic buildings, integrating new developments that are mindful of the past, and managing the riverfront as a vibrant lifestyle destination for recreation, housing, and commercial activities. The river's transformation is ongoing, with continuous efforts to manage the area and enhance its appeal, ensuring its historical significance is celebrated while adapting for the future.

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1) How has the Singapore River changed since the 1960s?

2) How has the legacy of the Singapore River endured or been preserved as we move into 2026 and beyond?

3) How has Singapore's water sustainability changed since the 1960s? has it become more or less sustainable?

4a) What are the benefits of the Marina Barrage?

4b) What are the impacts and consequences of Marine Barrage?

4c) Overall, do you think Marina Barrage does more harm than good or more good than harm? Why?

1.Pollution and decline: In the 1960s, the river was heavily polluted with waste from industries, squatter colonies, and hawkers, making it unsanitary and unusable.

2.A symbol of transformation: The river serves as a potent symbol of Singapore's transformation from a fishing village to a global metropolis, representing the nation's journey in overcoming challenges and embracing change.

3.More sustainable: Singapore's water sustainability has become significantly more sustainable since the 1960s.

4.Freshwater reservoir: The barrage created a new urban freshwater lake by damming the Marina Channel, adding to the nation's water supply.

4b)

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1. In the 1960s, the river was very dirty and smelly from all the boats and factories. Today, it is very clean and has nice restaurants and shops instead.

2. We keep the old buildings but turn them into new things like cafes. We also have statues and museums to tell the story of the river's history so people don't forget.

3. It is much more sustainable now. In the 1960s, we had very little water and needed to buy it. Now, we have our own water from reservoirs, recycled water (NEWater), and desalination.

4a. The benefits of the Marina Barrage are that it provides a new source of water, helps prevent flooding in the city, and creates a beautiful place for people to have fun.

4b. The consequences are that it can cause algae to grow in the water and it changed the natural environment from saltwater to freshwater, pushing out the original fish and animals.

4c. Overall, I think the Marina Barrage does more good than harm because having more water and no floods is more important for Singaporeans.

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1. Since the 1960s, the Singapore River has changed from a polluted, overcrowded waterway into a clean and vibrant part of the city. In the past, it was filled with bumboats, hawkers, and waste from nearby homes and industries. The 1977 clean-up project transformed it into a modern, lively area for business and leisure, showing how Singapore turned environmental problems into opportunities for growth.

2. Today, the river’s legacy still lives on. Restored shophouses, bridges, and sculptures along Clarke Quay and Boat Quay remind us of its trading past. As Singapore moves toward 2026 and beyond, the river stands as a symbol of the nation’s resilience, progress, and respect for its history.

3. Since the Marina Barrage was built in 2008, Singapore’s water sustainability has improved. The Barrage created the Marina Reservoir, providing a new source of freshwater and reducing reliance on imported water.

4a) Its benefits include water supply, flood control, and a scenic space for recreation and tourism.

4b) However, it also changed natural water flow and affected nearby marine life, requiring regular water-quality management.

4c) Overall, the Marina Barrage does more good than harm, as it strengthens water security, prevents flooding, and supports sustainable urban living despite some environmental impacts.

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Since the construction of Marina Barrage, Singapore’s water sustainability has significantly improved. The Barrage has enabled the creation of Marina Reservoir, which captures rainwater from a large urban catchment area. This has increased Singapore’s water catchment from about half to two-thirds of the country’s land area, supporting its goal of water self-sufficiency. Additionally, the Barrage plays a crucial role in flood control, protecting low-lying areas in the city by regulating water levels during heavy rainfall and high tides. It also supports recreational activities, enhances the urban environment, and serves as an educational hub for sustainability. The Barrage incorporates green features such as a green roof and solar panels, making it environmentally conscious in its operation. However, challenges remain. Urban runoff can introduce pollutants into the reservoir, and ecological changes from converting a tidal estuary to freshwater have affected some aquatic habitats. There are also high maintenance and operational costs, along with risks posed by climate change, such as rising sea levels and more intense storms.

The Marina Barrage offers numerous benefits. It enhances Singapore’s water supply, improves flood control, and adds resilience to climate challenges. It also provides recreational space and opportunities for public education on sustainability, contributing positively to the quality of urban life. Its integration of utility, environmental, and social value makes it a model of sustainable urban infrastructure. However, there are also negative consequences. The change in water salinity and flow has impacted the local ecosystem, and pollution from urban areas poses ongoing water quality concerns. The Barrage also requires continuous maintenance and energy use, and adapting to future climate conditions could demand costly upgrades.

Overall, Marina Barrage does more good than harm. Its benefits to water sustainability, urban flood management, and community well-being clearly outweigh the drawbacks, provided that environmental and operational challenges are carefully managed. With strong governance and long-term planning, the Barrage remains a key asset in Singapore’s strategy for sustainable development and climate resilience.

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2) The singapore river has remained a business hub since hawkers used the singapore river to promotre and sell their food. Now, it is packed with tall buildings and skyscrapers for entertainment, luxurious lifestyles and job aspects, as well as a transport hub and tourism.

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1)The Singapore River was very busy with commerce. It served as a major shipping, trading and goods‐transfer hub. There were many bumboats, sampans, lighters, coolies, as well as smaller industries and informal businesses along its banks.

Many people lived in informal settlements (squatters) near the river, and there were pig farms, duck farms, street hawkers and vegetable sellers dumping waste directly into the river.

There was little or no proper sewage infrastructure for many premises. Wastewater and solid waste from shops, hawkers, small businesses, and residences went directly into the river. The river was extremely polluted — often smelly, with little aquatic life surviving.

2) cleanup efforts

In 1977, the government launched a massive multi-agency program to clean up the Singapore River (and the Kallang Basin). This included removing pollution sources (relocating or removing businesses/hawkers/farms that dumped waste), clearing derelict vessels, dredging the river bed, deepening or reconstructing river walls, creating sewage and piped wastewater systems, and relocating squatters.

Environmental restoration

The river was dredged. Polluted silt and debris were removed.

Sewage systems were expanded; many premises that were unsewered got connected. Solid and liquid pollutants from the river were reduced.

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1)The singapore river in the 1960s was heavily polluted and bustling commerical waterway into a clean,vibrant and a good looking river.This results were achieveable as the government did a major clean up of the singapore river.

2)The people in singapore kept the river clean and the governemnt encourgared citizens in singapore not to pollute the river or they would be fined.

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1) Marina Barrage, built in 2008, helps Singapore collect more rainwater, stop floods, and use less water from other countries. It also teaches people to save water. But there are still problems like changing weather.

2) Marina Barrage gives Singapore more water, stops floods, is a fun place to visit, and helps people learn to save water.

3)Marina Barrage gives more water and stops floods, but it needs care and could have problems from pollution and weather changes.

4) Marina Barrage helps Singapore a lot by giving water and stopping floods, so it does more good than harm.

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Since the 1960s, the Singapore River has changed from a polluted, crowded waterway into a clean and lively part of the city. In the past, it was filled with cargo boats, rubbish, and waste from homes and factories, making it smelly and dirty. During the 1970s and 1980s, the government launched a major cleanup project, moving industries and hawkers away and building proper sewage systems. Today, the river is clean, safe, and full of life, surrounded by restaurants, offices, and tourist spots. It has transformed from a working river into a beautiful place for people to relax and enjoy.

The legacy of the Singapore River continues to live on through the way people have managed to keep its history alive while making it part of modern life. Old bridges have been restored instead of torn down, turning places like Boat Quay, Clarke Quay, and Robertson Quay into lively spots where people can eat, relax, and enjoy the view. The river still reminds us of Singapore’s past as a trading port, showing how far the country has come.

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1) the river got cleaner. the river used to be very polluted but it was cleansed after a few years. many people threw trash in the past and was cleaned up because of its foul smell

2) The Singapore River remains very much alive as a legacy: not just in memory, but through ongoing heritage, environmental, public-space, and sustainability projects. As we move into 2026 and beyond, its preservation is multi-faceted—physical, cultural, ecological, experiential. Here’s a breakdown of how its legacy has endured and is being preserved, plus some of the tensions and challenges that come with that.

3) Singapore has become much more sustainable since the 1960s — but in a different way from how “sustainability” is understood today. The country moved from cleaning up pollution and building basic infrastructure to becoming a global model for green urban planning, though it still faces modern challenges like high consumption and climate pressures.

4a) The Marina Barrage helps Singapore secure water supply, prevent floods, create a leisure space, and support sustainability goals — making it a key example of how engineering and environmental care can work together.

4b) disruption to animals

4c) more good. it helps us prevent water shortage

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1. it changed from being extremely dirty ,filthy , diesease ridden ,a biohazard ,not safe for work enviorment to a decently clean ,ok smelling ,beautiful,popular , tourist attraction

2.it has been preserved as a popular tourist attraction ,maybe a source of water ,and a famous place because people want to know how they cleaned the place

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3. Since the construction of Marina Barrage in 2008, Singapore has become more water-sustainable. The Barrage created the Marina Reservoir, which collects rainwater from about one-sixth of Singapore’s land area. This provides a reliable local water source and reduces dependence on imported water. It also helps in flood control and promotes water conservation awareness, contributing to Singapore’s long-term water security.

4a. Increases water supply – Forms a freshwater reservoir to meet Singapore’s growing water needs, Prevents flooding – Acts as a tidal barrier to protect low-lying city areas during heavy rain, Recreation and tourism – Provides a space for kayaking, boating, and picnics, improving quality of life,Environmental education – The Sustainable Singapore Gallery educates visitors about water conservation and sustainability,Supports the “Four National Taps” strategy, strengthening Singapore’s overall water resilience

4b. some impacts : improved water security and flood protection

some consequences : high cost of construction and maintainence

4c. Overall, Marina Barrage does more good than harm.
It strengthens Singapore’s water sustainability, prevents flooding, and provides recreation and education opportunities. Although it may affect marine ecosystems and cost a lot to maintain, the long-term benefits to water security, urban protection, and public enjoyment far outweigh the drawbacks.

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1) It was cleaner.

2) People volunteered to clean up the river despite little pay.

3) Desalination like reverse osmosis and distillation made the water cleaner.

4a) It is a place for recreational activities.

4b) It takes up a lot of land

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1) Singapore river was used for trading and business activities.But,there was a very disgusting stench in the river because it was polluted with piles of junk and rubbish.No one bothered to clean up the river which lead to large pollution of the river. In 1977,a project was launched to clean up the Singapore river which took 10 year. Now there is a water catchment area called marina barrage.

2)The legacy of the Singapore River has been preserved through historic bridges and shophouses, heritage trails, and cultural festivals that celebrate its rich trading past.Government initiatives like the National Heritage Board heritage plan.

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1)Singapore River has transformed from a heavily polluted, commercially focused waterway into a clean, vibrant lifestyle destination with hotels, restaurants, and housing.

2)it became an attractive waterfront environment for housing, recreation, entertainment and commercial.

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1) Singapore used to be a place for commercial and economic activities, with a lot of traders and sailors. However, there was a foul stench and a lot of rubbish. In 1977, there was a ten year project to clean up the river. Now, the waters are pristine and clear, and the river is connected to the Marina Barrage for water catchment.

2) now, the river continues to be clean, The legacy of the Singapore River has endured as a powerful symbol of the nation’s journey from a trading port to a modern city. Once crowded with bumboats and traders, the river now flows clean and vibrant, reflecting Singapore’s success in balancing progress with preservation. The careful restoration of shophouses at Boat Quay and heritage sculptures along the river remind us of the determination and enterprise of early settlers. Moving into 2026 and beyond, initiatives to integrate technology and sustainable tourism ensure that the Singapore River remains not just a historical site, but a living part of Singapore’s identity.

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Compared to the 1960s, Singapores river is much more cleaner. Since the 1960s, the Singapore River has transformed from a polluted,overcrowded working waterway lined with squatters,hawkers,and warehouses into a clean, vibrant,and scenic urban area known for its restored shophouses, promenades and lively dining and entertainment following a major government-led cleanup and redevelopment in the late 1970s and 1980s that improved water quality, relocated polluting industries,preserved heritage buildings and turned the river into a key recreational and tourism hub in modern Singapore.

As Singapore moves into 2026 and beyond, the Singapore River’s legacy lives on through its carefully preserved shophouses and bridges, lively festivals, heritage trails, and riverside spaces that blend history with modern life reminding people of where the nation began while continuing to be a place where the community gathers, works, and celebrates together.

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1) At first the sea was filthy, with various activities such as people using the river for recreational activities, which included The river was heavily polluted. Squatter settlements, open sewers, boatyards, dead fish and refuse were common. The river had a severe stench but was disregarded.Singapore River has transformed from a heavily polluted waterway crowded with squatters, cargo boats, and warehouses into a clean, vibrant urban landmark. The major clean-up project launched in 1977 cleared the river of waste, relocated industries, and improved the sewerage system, turning the once foul-smelling river into a symbol of Singapore’s successful urban renewal. Today, the riverbanks at Boat Quay, Clarke Quay, and Robertson Quay have been restored and conserved as lively hubs for dining, culture, and tourism. As Singapore moves into 2026 and beyond, the legacy of the river endures through heritage conservation, environmental protection, and public events that celebrate its history. The Singapore River now stands not only as a reminder of the nation’s transformation but also as a model for sustainable urban living and the preservation of cultural identity.

2)Boat Quay and Clarke Quay have been statutory conservation areas since 1989.

Historic shophouses, warehouses, and colonial-era buildings (e.g. the Fullerton Hotel / Fullerton Building) have been restored and transformed into hospitality, dining, museum, office spaces, etc.Efforts are made in urban planning to maintain the character of the riverfront: façade guidelines, pedestrian-friendly promenades, mixed use but with emphasis on cultural/heritage value.

Water quality is much better; regular maintenance, pollution control, sewerage improvements, and drainage systems keep the river cleaner.

Marina Barrage (completed in 2008) plays a key role in flood control, water supply, and recreational space. It helps regulate water levels and reduces tidal issues downstream.

More attention to ecosystem health: some riverine flora/fauna, monitoring, perhaps habitat improvements though the river is still very “urban”.

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Q1)The river was musty and dirty as many children would swim in it now it is a world wide tourist attraction and one of singapore's most essential places in History

Q2)The legacy endured and was preserved as the barrage become a worldwide attraction and its legacy was preserved due to this fact

Q3)The water suistainability has increased due to the 10 years of cleaning

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1) How has the Singapore River changed since the 1960s?

In the 1960s, the Singapore River was dirty and smelly, filled with rubbish, oil, and waste from homes, hawkers, and factories.

Cargo boats and bumboats crowded the river, carrying goods to and from warehouses along the banks.

In 1977, the government started a major clean-up project to remove pollution and relocate industries and squatters.

By the late 1980s, the river had become clean and safe, with clear water and no bad smell.

Old godowns (warehouses) at Boat Quay, Clarke Quay, and Robertson Quay were kept and turned into restaurants, cafés, and offices.

The river changed from a busy trading port into a beautiful tourist and leisure spot.

Today, instead of cargo boats, we see river cruises and bumboats carrying visitors who want to enjoy the view.

2) How has the legacy of the Singapore River endured or been preserved as we move into 2026 and beyond?

The government has protected and conserved many of the old shophouses and buildings along the river.

The Singapore River Festival and other events help people remember its history and enjoy its modern charm.

Museums and heritage trails share stories about the river’s role in Singapore’s early trading days.

The Marina Barrage and clean waterways show how Singapore still values the river as part of its water system.

Artists, designers, and students continue to draw inspiration from the river’s rich culture and past.

The river now represents how Singapore has balanced progress with heritage, keeping its old spirit alive in a modern city.

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1. How has Singapore changed since the 1960's?

Ans: The Singapore River has undergone a sigificant transformation since the 1960s, evolving from a polluted, heavily used commercial waterway to a clean, modern lifestyle and entertainment hub.

2. How has the legacy of the Singapore River endured or been preserved as we move into 2026 and beyond?

Ans: The legacy of the Singapore River has been preserved by transforming it from a historical trading hub into a vibrant, modern lifestyle destination while maintaining its heritage.

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1) In 1977, former prime minister Lee Kuan Yew decided to clean the river as population in Singapore increased after it became a trading port under British rule before. This was becuase there was trash floating on the river and also water is poluted, it was also giving a foul smell and the river really had to be cleaned.

The whole process took over 10 years and we have sustained it until now.

2)At first the singapore legacy was full of litter and pollution but after a couple years singapore releasie the sistuattion and started to do a massive clean up which lasted a lot of years and so today the singapore river is clean

3)Singapore water sustainablility has improved and it has become more sustainable as singapore has made alot of effort to clean up the water in singapore and has built alot of water catchment areas which are clean and usable

4) (A)The benefits of marinabaragge is that it help to generate electircity through kinetic enegry and it also help to control the water level to prevent floods and other stuff and also help to trap rubbish flowing from the river

(B)

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1)Since the 1960s, the Singapore River has transformed from a heavily polluted and congested commercial waterway into a clean, vibrant, and aesthetically pleasing area for recreation, entertainment, and tourism.

2)Historic quays and shophouses are preserved and revitalised as vibrant social and commercial spaces.Clean water initiatives and urban planning ensure the river remains central to Singapore’s identity. As the city moves into the future, the river continues to symbolise the nation’s journey from trading port to global city, balancing heritage with progress.

3)Since the 1960s, Singapore’s water sustainability has improved substantially. Overall, it has become much more sustainable, though challenges remain. Below is a summary of how things have changed, what has driven the improvements, and what the trade-offs or risks still are.

4)The Marina Barrage helps Singapore by providing a new source of freshwater called Marina Reservoir. It also prevents flooding in low-lying areas like Chinatown and Geylang. Besides that, it is a popular place for recreation such as kayaking and kite-flying. The Barrage also has eco-friendly features like solar panels, making it a green and useful project.

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4b)The Marina Barrage changes the flow of seawater, which can affect marine life and cause algae to grow if not managed well. It is also expensive to build and maintain, and construction affected marine habitats. However, the government works to monitor and control these issues to keep the water clean.

c)Overall, the Marina Barrage does more good than harm. It provides water, prevents floods, and gives people a nice place to relax. Even though it has some environmental effects, these are managed well, so the benefits are greater than the drawbacks.

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1)The Singapore river had changed since the 1960s alot. Back then in the 1960s, the singapore river was filled with boats and traders,but it was also very dirty and smelly as people threw trash in it. In 1977, lee kuan yew started a big clean-up that took 10 years. The singapore river now is clean and beautiful.

2)As singapore moves from 2026 and beyond, the rivers legacy is still preserved throughthrought hbuildings.

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1. In the 1960s, the Singapore River was very dirty and crowded with bumboats carrying goods. People threw rubbish and waste into the river, and it smelled bad. The government started a clean-up in 1977 and moved the people and hawkers away. After ten years, the river became clean. Now, it is a nice place with restaurants, shops and lights at Clarke Quay and Boat Quay.

2. Even though trading no longer happens there, the Singapore River is still an important part of Singapore’s history. Old buildings and bridges are kept to remind us of the past. There are also museums, river cruises and events like River Hongbao. As we move into 2026 and beyond, Singapore keeps the river clean and green so that people can enjoy it and remember its story.

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1) How has the Singapore River changed since the 1960s?

It was a river that is very dirty and smelly, with a lot of people throwing rubbish into the river. But over the past 60 years, the river has been cleared and it is more clean

2) How has the legacy of the Singapore River endured or been preserved as we move into 2026 and beyond?

THe legacy of Singapore has been preserved by othe the many ongoing efforts both too protect its history and to adapt he riverfront for new social. The National Heritage board and Roots.sg platform continue to curate stories about the river. Areas like clarke quay have been revitalised to still retain their characteristic riverside shopehouse, dockingwharf ambulane.

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1) Changes in the Singapore River since the 1960s

In the 1960s, the river was heavily polluted with sewage, industrial waste, and garbage.

A cleanup program launched in 1977 removed squatters, hawkers, and waste, dredged the river, and improved water quality.

Today, the river is clean, landscaped, and a recreational and tourist area.

2) Preservation of the Singapore River’s legacy

Some historic buildings and bridges have been preserved.

Heritage trails, festivals, and events maintain historical awareness.

Modern developments focus on tourism and recreation while retaining historical elements.

3) Water sustainability since the 1960s

Previously dependent on imported water from Malaysia and vulnerable to shortages.

Introduction of the “Four National Taps”: rainwater collection, desalination, imported water, and recycled water (NEWater).

Singapore has become largely self-sufficient in water supply with advanced infrastructure.

4a) Benefits of Marina Barrage

Provides freshwater storage by creating a reservoir.

Acts as a flood control measure.

Offers recreational space.

4b) Impacts and consequences of Marina Barrage

Alters natural river flow and local ecosystems.

Supports urban development around Marina Bay.

Flood control is limited to the Marina Bay area.

4c) Overall evaluation of Marina Barrage

Overall benefits (water supply, flood control, recreation) outweigh the environmental impacts.

Ecosystem disruption and urbanization are notable drawbacks.

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1. The singapore river was used for trades and business, causing the river to get polluted and get foul smelling. A lot of people dumped their rubbish into the river, especially the hawkers working there and the businessmen. Luckily, Lee Kwan Yew hired people to clean the river, transforming the once dirty river into a clean and clear river. This process took around 10 years and 300 million dollars.

2. The Singapore river is loved and is a tourist attraction because of firstly, its historical significance as the birthplace of modern Singapore and secondly, there are many activities held there. For example, kayaking and many other water related activities. Thirdly, there are tourists attractions like the merlion statue and a statue of sir Stanford Raffles, the person who helped Singapore turn into a thriving port city.

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3. Singapore has become more sustainable since the Marina Barrage was built. The Barrage helps to store rainwater and supplies drinking water for Singapore. It also stops floods in the city area and provides clean water for daily use. This means Singapore can depend less on water from other countries and manage its own water better.

4a. The benefits of Marina Barrage are that it gives us a new source of freshwater, helps prevent floods, and makes a nice place for people to relax and have fun. It also teaches people about saving water and taking care of the environment.

4b. Some impacts and consequences are that it costs a lot of money to build and maintain. The water in the reservoir can also face algae growth if not kept clean. Too many visitors might litter or harm the area if they are not careful.

4c. I think Marina Barrage does more good than harm because it helps Singapore stay safe from floods, saves water for the future, and brings people together. Even though it needs care and money to maintain, the benefits are much more important for Singapore’s future.

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1)Since the 1960s, the Singapore River has transformed from a polluted waterway filled with rubbish and trade boats into a clean, vibrant area with modern buildings, restaurants, tourist attractions, and improved water quality.

2) The legacy of the Singapore River is preserved through conservation of historic landmarks, tourism, cultural festivals, allowing future generations to appreciate its heritage while enjoying a cleaner, modern environment.

3) Since the 1960s, Singapore’s water sustainability has greatly improved through NEWater, desalination, and rainwater collection, making it more sustainable and not relying so much on imported water sources from Malaysia.

4a) The Marina Barrage provides many benefits: it supplies water, controls flooding, and recreation. It helps store rainwater, and supports Singapore’s goal of achieving long-term water sustainability.

4b) The Marina Barrage can affect marine habitats, alter tidal flows, and require high maintenance costs. Construction and operation may disturb ecosystems, but most impacts are managed through environmental protection measures.

4c) Overall, the Marina Barrage does more good than harm because it ensures water security, reduces flood risks, and offers recreation spaces, supporting sustainable development while balancing environmental, social, and economic needs.

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1. In the 1960s, the Singapore River was very dirty and crowded with bumboats carrying goods. People threw rubbish and waste into the river, and it smelled bad. The government started a clean-up in 1977 and moved the people and hawkers away. After ten years, the river became clean. Now, it is a nice place with restaurants, shops and lights at Clarke Quay and Boat Quay.

2. Even though trading no longer happens there, the Singapore River is still an important part of Singapore’s history. Old buildings and bridges are kept to remind us of the past. There are also museums, river cruises and events like River Hongbao. As we move into 2026 and beyond, Singapore keeps the river clean and green so that people can enjoy it and remember its story.

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1) how has the marina barrage affected Singapores sustainability?

1. Water Security / Resource Sustainability

Enhances Singapore’s local water catchment. Combined with other reservoirs (Punggol, Serangoon, etc.), the barrage helped raise Singapore’s water catchment coverage from ~50% to ~two-thirds of the land area. Centre for Liveable Cities+2PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency+2

Provides about 10% of Singapore’s water demand. Urban Land+3McKinsey & Company+3McKinsey & Company+3

2. Flood Resilience / Climate Adaptation

Controls flooding in downtown and low-lying areas (Chinatown, Geylang, Boat Quay etc.) by using crest gates and large pumps to remove excess stormwater. PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency+2GovTech+2

Helps mitigate tidal effects and sea-water intrusion, which is increasingly important under sea-level rise scenarios. Because the barrage keeps out seawater, maintaining freshwater in the system, and the water level is stable.

Energy and Material Efficiency, Sustainable Design

Green features:

The Green Roof, made with recycled plastics and eco-friendly modules, which also helps with insulation and reducing heat build-up. PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency+1

Double-glazed glass panels to reduce heat gain, lowering air-conditioning energy requirements. PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency+1

Solar Park: ~405 panels, generating ~76,000 kWh/year, covering part of the daytime lighting and internal electricity needs. PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency+1

Rainwater harvesting for irrigation etc. NASA+2PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency+2

Design to use natural lighting and ventilation to reduce electricity usage. PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency+1

3. Social / Environmental Co-benefits

Public amenity and recreation: The barrage has become a major place for water sports, picnics, kite flying etc. It improves quality of life and public awareness around water and sustainability. sp.metro.tokyo.lg.jp+2McKinsey & Company+2

Aesthetic and environmental improvement: Because steady water levels remove unpleasant exposures of river beds at low tide, less smell, more clean water, better landscapes. Urban Redevelopment Authority+2TODAY+2

4. Educational / Institutional Impacts

The Sustainable Singapore Gallery at Barrage educates visitors about water sustainability, environmental issues. NASA+1

The project serves as a model / showcase of how infrastructure can be multi-purpose: providing both utility (water supply, flood control) and public/social/environmental benefits. McKinsey & Company+1

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3. How has Singapore's water sustainbility changed since the contruction of Marina barrage? Has it become more or less sustainable?

Ans: Singapore's water sustainiblity has become more sustainable since the construction of the Marina Barrage. It turned Marina Bay and Kallang Basin into a new freshwater resevoir, increasing the country's water catchment area from half to two thirds of its land area. It also helps to allleviate flooding in low lying areas of the city and serves as a tidal barrier.

4a. What are benefits of the marina barrage?

Ans: It is a source of fresh water, acts like a tidal barrier and it provides a venue for recreational activities.

4b. The consturction of barrage and the creation of a freshwater resevoir from a saltwater estuary has altered the local ecosystem and salinity levels within the Marina Basin.

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3) more water-sustainable

4a)it provides extra water and prevents flooding

4b)it may affect marine life

4c)more good than harm. it protects water security

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3) After the construction of Marina Barrage, Singapore's water sustainability has increased. Before the construction of the Marina Barrage, Singapore relied heavily on NEWater, imported water, and desalinated water. However, the marina barrage now adds a large water catchment, a freshwater reservoir, by separating seawater from the water collected by rainfall.

4a) The marina barrage reduces Singapore's demand for water & boosts water supply by a great percentage. It also increases the total overall area of water catchment areas in Singapore, making the obtaining of water supply far more efficient.

4b) Because seawater is blocked off from the freshwater reservir, less pollution happens because there is lesser tidal mixing of harmful chemicals & other harmful substances. However, the cost of maintaining and constructing the marina barrage may be expensive or not cost-effective. Furthermore, with less tidal action of the sea waves, sediment may start to accumulate at the borders & boundaries of the Marina Barrage.

4c)The marina barrage does more good than harm. Because singapore has flimited freshwater resources, the Marina barrage helps to compensate & cover for that issue. In the face of climate change where rainfall is high and sea levels rise, infrastructure like this improves resilience, not just to current needs but future risks.

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Jonathan 1D (other groupmates not doing anything) 

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Jonathan 1D (other groupmates not doing anything) 

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1. In 1960s, the Singapore river was very dirty and smelly and outdated. Now, the Singapore river is way more cleaner and it is more modern. There are boats for us and tourists to use and it has become a popular attraction.

2. The Singapore river have preserved many shophouses, warehouses and conservation areas. Now it has greatly preserved to a very modern and popular place.

3. It has become more sustainable as the water in the Singapore river is cleaner.

4a. Have cleaner water and have ways make seawater cleaner and drinkable.

4b. Marina Barrage takes up a lot of space and it can affect the habitats of some animals and organisms.

4c. I think it does more good because Singapore will have a better water supply and we might not need to rely on importing water from other countries.

Note: I didnt really watch the videos because my groupmates and doing nothing😅

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3) How has Singapore's water sustainability changed since the construction of Marina Barrage? Has it become more or less sustainable?

Since 2008, the barrage turned Marina Bay into a freshwater reservoir, storing rainwater and reducing reliance on imports. It also helps manage floods and supports clean-water planning.

4a) What are the benefits of the Marina Berrage?

Benefits: extra drinking water, flood control, better water quality over time, recreation and green space, education/tourism, and a calm basin for water sports.

4b) Impacts/downsides: seawater became freshwater (some marine life lost), algae risk after storms, pumps use energy and need maintenance, altered tidal flow/boating routes, and high costs.

4c) Overall: more good than harm. It strengthens water security and flood protection while adding public spaces. Downsides (energy use, ecology shifts) can be reduced with careful management and treatment.

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1)

In the 1960s, the Singapore riveer was very pollutered and filled with rubbish from homes and boats In 1977, the government started a ten-year clean-up project. After that, the river became cleaan and was turned into a lively place with shops, ressttaurants, and offices along the banks.

2)

Singapore River’s history is still rememberred through preserved shophouses, bridgets. and museums. It remains a symbol of Singapore’s beginnings and shows how the country has grown from a small trading port into a modern city.

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1) The Singapore River has changed a lot since independence. It used to be dirty and full of rubbish, but after a big clean-up, it is now clean and beautiful. The Marina Barrage shows how Singapore uses water and land wisely to stay sustainable. Clean waterways give us fresh water and protect nature. Everyone can help by saving water, not littering, and keeping Singapore clean and green.

2)The legacy of the Singapore River has been preserved through careful planning and respect for its history. Old buildings like Clarke Quay and Boat Quay have been kept and turned into places for dining and fun, while still showing the river’s trading past. The river is now clean and safe, reminding people of how far Singapore has come. As we move into 2026 and beyond, the Singapore River continues to be a symbol of Singapore’s progress, showing how the country can grow while still caring for its heritage and environment.

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1.the marina barrage spans across the 350 meter marina channel.

2. it offers 3 bennefits, water supply, flood control, lifestyle attraction

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1) In the 1960s, the Singapore River was crowded with bumboats, warehouses, and street hawkers. It was the centre of trade but also heavily polluted because factories and residents dumped waste into the water. The river was dirty, smelly, and unsafe.

In 1977, the government launched a 10-year clean-up programme. Polluting industries were relocated, proper sewage systems were built, and the river was dredged. By the late 1980s, the water became clean again. Since then, the riverbanks have been transformed — old warehouses and shophouses were restored and turned into restaurants, offices, and entertainment areas such as Boat Quay, Clarke Quay, and Robertson Quay. Today, the Singapore River is clean, vibrant, and a popular tourist and leisure spot instead of a polluted working river.

2) The legacy of the Singapore River lives on through education and sustainable development. Many of the original shophouses, bridges, and godowns have been carefully restored to keep the area’s historical charm while serving modern purposes. The story of the river’s clean-up is taught in schools and featured in museums as a symbol of Singapore’s determination and teamwork.

Environmental efforts continue, with the Marina Barrage helping to maintain clean water and prevent flooding. River cruises, festivals, and public events also help people stay connected to the river’s history. As Singapore moves into 2026 and beyond, the Singapore River remains both a reminder of the nation’s past and a living example of successful urban renewal.

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1. Since the 1960s, the Singapore River has changed from a polluted, overcrowded waterway into a clean and environmental city. In the past, it was filled with boats, hawkers, and waste from homes and industries. The clean-up project transformed it into a modern, lively area for business and leisure activities, showing how Singapore turned environmental problems into opportunities for growth.

2. Today, the river legacy lives on. rebuild, bridges, and sculptures along Clarke Quay and Boat Quay remind us of its trading past. As Singapore moves toward 2026 and beyond, the river stands as a symbol of the nation’s resilience, progress, and respect for its history.

3. Since the Marina Barrage was built in 2008, Singapore’s water sustainability has improved. The Barrage created the Marina Reservoir, providing a new source of freshwater and reducing reliance on imported water.

4a) Its benefits include water supply, flood control, and a scenic space for recreation and tourism.

4b) However, it also changed natural water flow and affected nearby marine life, requiring regular water-quality management.

4c) Overall, the Marina Barrage does more good than harm, as it strengthens water security, prevents flooding, and supports sustainable urban living despite some environmental impacts.

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3) Since the Marina Barrage, Singapore has become more sustainable, with a two-thirds increase in local catchment, the addition of a reservoir, and reduced reliance on imported water. It’s part of Four National Taps, including flood control and public education. However, challenges remain in water management, energy use, and salinity risk. Despite these, overall sustainability has

improved.

4a) The Marina Barrage is a dam that provides water, controls floods, and supports recreation, making it an important part of Singapore’s plan for water sustainability.

4b) Because the reservoir is located in a highly urban area, pollution from runoff (like oil, litter, and chemicals from roads) can enter the water.

4c) I think it does more good because it gets more water supply for Singapore

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1)How has the Singapore River changed since the 1960s?

Since the 1960s, the Singapore River has transformed from a polluted, bustling commercial and industrial hub into a clean, recreational waterway for tourism and residential use.

2) How has the legacy of the Singapore River endured or been preserved as we move into 2026 and beyond?

The Singapore River is often called the birthplace of modern Singapore. It was once the centre of trade, bustling with boats, warehouses, and merchants. Over time, it transformed from a polluted waterway into a clean, vibrant area filled with life, culture, and history.

Today, Singapore continues to preserve the legacy of the river through heritage conservation, urban renewal, and community engagement.

3) How has Singapore's water sustainability changed since the 1960s?

Since the 1960s, Singapore has transformed from a water-scarce nation dependent on imported water from Malaysia into a world leader in water sustainability. In the early years, the country faced frequent shortages due to limited land and rainfall, but over time, the government invested in long-term planning, building reservoirs and cleaning up polluted rivers. From the 2000s onwards, Singapore developed the “Four National Taps” — local catchment water, imported water, NEWater, and desalinated water — to ensure a stable and diversified supply. Today, with advanced technology, strong public education, and ongoing initiatives like the ABC Waters Programme, Singapore continues to strengthen its water security and sustainability.

has it become more or less sustainable?

more sustainable

4a) What are the benefits of the Marina Barrage?

The Marina Barrage provides three main benefits — it improves water supply, prevents floods, and offers recreation and education opportunities, making it a key part of Singapore’s sustainable water management system.

4b) What are the impacts and consequences of Marine Barrage?

The Marina Barrage has brought major benefits to Singapore —cleaner water, flood control, and recreation — but it also comes with challenges such as high costs, energy use, and ecological changes. Overall, it remains a symbol of Singapore’s commitment to sustainable water and urban management.

4c) Overall, do you think Marina Barrage does more harm than good or more good than harm? Why?

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1. How has the Singapore River changed since the 1960s?
In the 1960s, the Singapore River was extremely polluted. People and industries threw rubbish, sewage, and waste directly into the water, making it dirty and smelly. Boats carrying goods often leaked oil and fuel, and dead animals or food waste floated in the river. In 1977, the government started a massive ten-year clean-up. They moved polluting industries away, improved housing and sanitation, dredged the riverbed, and built proper drainage systems. By the late 1980s, the river became clean, safe, and transformed into a beautiful area filled with shops, restaurants, and tourist attractions.

2. How has the legacy of the Singapore River endured or been preserved as we move into 2026 and beyond?
The Singapore River remains an important symbol of Singapore’s history and growth. Old shophouses and warehouses at Boat Quay, Clarke Quay, and Robertson Quay have been conserved and turned into restaurants, cafés, and museums. These remind people of the river’s trading past. The river is now used for leisure, with walking paths, boat rides, and cultural events that keep its story alive. It shows how Singapore has moved from a trading port to a modern, clean, and sustainable city while still preserving its heritage.

3. How has Singapore's water sustainability changed since the 1960s? Has it become more or less sustainable?
Singapore has become much more sustainable since the 1960s. Back then, the country depended heavily on imported water and often faced water shortages. Today, Singapore uses the Four National Taps — water from local catchment areas, imported water, recycled water called NEWater, and desalinated seawater. With these, Singapore can meet its growing water needs even with limited natural resources. Technologies, public education, and careful planning have made Singapore one of the most water-secure and sustainable cities in the world.

4a) What are the benefits of the Marina Barrage?

It helps increase Singapore’s water supply by creating the Marina Reservoir, which stores rainwater.

It acts as a flood control system, preventing floods in low-lying areas of the city.

It provides a recreation area for families, picnics, kayaking, and kite-flying.

It serves as an educational site where people can learn about sustainability and water management.

4b) What are the impacts and consequences of Marina Barrage?
While the Marina Barrage brings many benefits, it also has some impacts. Changing seawater into freshwater in the Marina area affects marine life — some sea animals lose their natural habitat. The construction and maintenance cost a lot of money, and constant monitoring is needed to keep the water clean. However, most of these issues are managed carefully through planning and environmental control.

4c) Overall, do you think Marina Barrage does more harm than good or more good than harm? Why?
Overall, the Marina Barrage does more good than harm. It helps prevent floods, provides clean water, and creates a green space for everyone to enjoy. Although it changed the natural environment a bit, the benefits to people and the city are much greater. With good management and care for the environment, the Marina Barrage continues to help Singapore stay safe, beautiful, and sustainable.

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Changes in the Singapore River Since the 1960s

1960s–1970s: Before the Clean-up

River was heavily polluted — sewage, rubbish, and industrial waste were dumped into it.

Bad smell and no aquatic life.

Riverbanks were crowded with hawkers, squatters, farms, and small industries.

Used mainly for trading and transport (boats carried goods).

1977–1987: Clean-up Period

Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew launched a 10-year clean-up plan.

Squatters, hawkers, and farms relocated to proper housing and facilities.

River was dredged and cleaned, and drainage systems improved.

Cost about $300 million, but water quality improved greatly.

After the Clean-up (1980s–2000s)

Old warehouses and shophouses restored into restaurants, offices, and bars.

Boat Quay, Clarke Quay, Robertson Quay became lifestyle and entertainment spots.

River changed from a trade route to a tourist and leisure area.

Physical & Environmental Changes

Land reclamation created Marina Bay, changing where the river flows.

Marina Barrage (2008) turned the area into a freshwater reservoir.

Water is clean, fish and plants returned.

Today

The river is now a clean, vibrant, and iconic part of Singapore.

Popular for tourism, recreation, and heritage walks.

A symbol of Singapore’s successful urban and environmental transformation.Transformation into a modern lifestyle hub

Transformation into a modern lifestyle hub

Recreation and entertainment: The riverbanks have been cleaned up and are now lined with pedestrian-friendly promenades, parks, and a variety of hotels, shops, and restaurants.

Waterfront living and amenities: The area around the river has evolved into a desirable location for both residential and commercial use, integrating modern city living with the historic waterfront

Recreation and entertainment: The riverbanks have been cleaned up and are now lined with pedestrian-friendly promenades, parks, and a variety of hotels, shops, and restaurants.

Waterfront living and amenities: The area around the river has evolved into a desirable location for both residential and commercial use, integrating modern city living with the historic waterfront.

Transformation into a modern lifestyle hub

Recreation and entertainment: The riverbanks have been cleaned up and are now lined with pedestrian-friendly promenades, parks, and a variety of hotels, shops, and restaurants.

Waterfront living and amenities: The area around the river has evolved into a desirable location for both residential and commercial use, integrating modern city living with the historic waterfront.

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3)Singapore has become more sustainable. The Barrage created the Marina Reservoir, which collects rainwater from one-sixth of Singapore’s land area. This increases local water supply and reduces dependence on imported water. It also helps control floods.

4a)The Barrage provides three key benefits,Water supply as it forms a freshwater reservoir to store rainwater.Flood control as it prevents flooding in the city during heavy rain or high tides.Lastly,recreation and education as it offers space for water sports, leisure, and environmental awareness.It also serves as a symbol of sustainable water management.

4b)The Barrage has some negative effects, such as changing marine habitats when seawater became freshwater, affecting aquatic life. Sediment also built up inside the reservoir, requiring costly maintenance. Operating pumps and gates also consumes energy. These are manageable but still ongoing challenges.

4c)Overall, the Marina Barrage does more good than harm. It strengthens Singapore’s water security, protects against floods, and promotes sustainability. Although it has some effect on the environment and needs maintenance, its benefits to water supply and climate resilience.Hence Marina Barrage is beneficial.

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1.The Singapore river was originally very dirty because of boats and factories.But now it is very clean due to the efforts of the Singapore government.

2.The legacy of the Singapore River has endured as the Singapore River went from a dirty river used for trade to a very clean river where people jog around,sail their boats and even dragon boating.The river was cleaned due to the government's efforts in cleaning the river to make it very attractive to Singaporeans and tourist.

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3)They expanded the local catchment and water supply.They also Limited extent of catchment.

4a) controls flood and Supports sustainable urban planning

4b)Economic and maintenance costs

4c)Marina Barrage does more good than harm, as its benefits — especially in water security, flood control, and sustainability — outweigh its negative impacts.
However, its success depends on continued responsible management to mitigate pollution, adapt to climate change, and maintain infrastructure.

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1) How has the Singapore River changed since the 1960s?

Since the 1960s, the Singapore River has changed from a polluted, overcrowded waterway into a clean and vibrant part of the city. In the past, it was filled with rubbish, sewage, and smelly waste from boats and nearby industries. The government launched the Singapore River Clean-Up Campaign in 1977, relocating polluting activities and improving sanitation. By the 1980s, the river was transformed into a clean water body.

been preserved as we move into 2026 and beyond?

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1) The clean-up at the Singapore river took place between 1977 and 1987. By the late 19th century, Singapore River had become heavily polluted due to industrial waste, sewage from squatters, and debris from cargo operations.

2) The Singapore River's legacy endures through annual celebrations like the Singapore River Festival (now in its 9th edition in 2025), vibrant dining and entertainment precincts along the three quays, heritage boat tours on iconic bumboats, and as a symbol of Singapore's transformation from a polluted waterway to a sustainable urban attraction that blends historic architecture with modern development.

3) Singapore has become dramatically more sustainable since the 1960s: the country achieved water self-sufficiency beginning in the mid-2010s, transforming from facing nine months of water rationing in 1963 to now having a diversified "Four National Taps" strategy comprising local catchment, imported water, NEWater (recycled water), and desalinated water, with NEWater creating a closed water loop that allows Singapore to reuse every drop of water endlessly and five NEWater plants capable of meeting up to 40 percent of current demand.

4a) Marina Barrage provides water supply by creating Singapore's 15th reservoir, flood control for low-lying areas like Chinatown and Geylang using nine crest gates and giant pumps, and recreational opportunities with constant water levels ideal for boating and water sports

4b. The positive impacts include reducing flood-prone land from 3,178 hectares in 1970 to just 40 hectares today, while negative impacts include silt from construction runoff and water contaminants like pesticides in reservoir sediments from leaking sewer lines

4c. Marina Barrage does more good than harm because it addresses Singapore's critical water security and flood protection needs while the environmental challenges like silt and contaminants are manageable through ongoing monitoring and mitigation.

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3) Singapore has become much more sustainable since the 1960s when it depended heavily on Malaysia for water and faced frequent rationing. Since the construction of Marina Barrage in 2008, Singapore has become more water sustanible. The barrage created the Marina Reservoir, which increased Singapore’s local water catchment area . This means more rainwater can be collected for use, reducing dependence on imported water. It also helps control floods in low-lying city areas and supports recreation. However, challenges such as water pollution from urban runoff and high maintenance costs remain. Overall, Singapore’s water management has become more sustainable because of the Marina Barrage.Today, Singapore has achieved water independence through the Four National Taps strategy: local catchment, imported water, NEWater, and desalination.

4a) Marina Barrage increases water supply by 10%, prevents flooding in low-lying city areas, provides recreation spaces for water sports and parks, and boosts tourism and the economy.Water supply: Increases Singapore’s water catchment area and provides about 10% of the nation’s water needs.

Flood control: Prevents flooding in low-lying areas like Chinatown and Boat Quay by regulating water levels.

Recreation: Provides a space for water sports and family activities, improving quality of life.

Education and tourism: Raises awareness about water sustainability and attracts visitors.

4b) Environmental impacts: Changes saltwater to freshwater, destroying habitats for marine species that lived in the estuary.

Water pollution: Urban runoff and waste can pollute the reservoir, affecting water quality.

Maintenance costs: Operating pumps and cleaning the reservoir require high energy use and cost.

Sedimentation: Silt and debris build up, reducing water quality and storage capacity over time.

4c) It greatly improves Singapore’s water security and protects the city from floods while providing recreation and education opportunities. Although it affects marine habitats and requires high maintenance, its benefits for sustainability, safety, and quality of life are far greater. Therefore, Marina Barrage is an important project that helps make Singapore more self-reliant and sustainable in the long run.

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1. In the 1960s, the river was polluted everywhere. Now, it is more clean.

2. There were regular check ups and the cleaners worked hard to ensure that the river was clean.

3. It has become more sustainable using water from the four national taps.

4a . It is use as a source to gain fresh water.

4b. securing singapore's water supply and protecting it against floods and providing a recreational and lifestyle attraction.

4c. Marina barage has done more good than harm as it has a lot of benefits that make Singapore a clean and sustainable environment.

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1. The Singapore River used to be more dirty and polluted in the 1960s. The government realised the harmful impacts of the river and decided to do a clean up. It took 10 years to clean the whole Singapore River to what it is today.

2. After the clean up, it still has preserved historical buildings. They also have many tourist attractions such as the boats that will explain the history of the Singapore River, but there are many restaurants near there. Quays such as Boat Quay and Clarke Quay are still there and it is still a tourist attraction to this day. As we move towards 2026, Singapore will keep the river clean and it will continue to thrive as a lively place for both tourists and locals.

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3)The Marina Barrage created the Marina Reservoir Singapore’s 15th reservoir, first in the city centre, expanding the local catchment area.

4a)This increases Singapore’s slef-suffiency in water and reduces dependence on imported water.

4b)Created the Marina Reservoir, increasing Singapore’s local water supply.

4c)Marina Barrage brings more good than harm because it strengthens Singapore’s future water security while improving the quality of life for its people.

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Wang Ziqi, Zhi Xuan, Kai Ting, Joelle 1A

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Wang Ziqi, Zhi Xuan, Kai Ting, Joelle 1A

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1) The Singapore River has gotten cleaner as technology advances and we are still trying to find ways to improve the river's quality. The ministry of Environment used $300 000 000 for the cleanup of the river. The cleanup of the river included dredging the river for rubbish, the provision of proper sewage infrastructure, rebuilding the river walls along the Singapore River and constructing a 6km long promenade along both banks of the waterfront. The cleanup took 10 years to complete.

2) The legacy of the Singapore River is preserved through a continued focus on balancing its heritage. The government makes sure that the river is preserved for future generations, not filled with rubbish or any contamination.

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1)The Singapore river was heavily polluted by sewage and industrial waste directly into the water waste

2) several bridges spending in the Singapore river has been gazetted as a National Monument.

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1] the river was dirty now it is clean

2] the leagcy of the singapore will be preserve

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1.1) How has the Singapore River changed since the 1960s?

Firstly it used to be a bustling trading port, with many living in the shophouses nearby. It was also used as somewhat of a “playground” for the kids in the neighbourhood. They often played in the flooded streets and swam in the river. Some of their favourite antics was to catch a ride to the Elgin Bridge on the heavily loaded tongkangs [vessels] that plied the river by climbing on to the rubber tyres on their sides. In addition as majority of the river was a swamp, it was extremely crowded in certain parts of the area.However,due to the increasing commercial and economic activities the water became dirty.This also caused overcrowding and serious water polution.Thus,in 1997 Mr Lee Kwan Yew called for a clean up.The project costed around $300 million dollar and they cleaned up the river by dreading the river for rubbish,the provision of proper sewage infrastructure ,rebuilding  the river walls along the Singapore river and constructing a 6km long promenade along both banks of the waterfront.The clean up took 10 years and was completed on 1987 2nd september.Now, it is a place for activities like Singapore river cruise benefits locals by having restaurants bars and attractive waterfront that meets the need for housing it is also used for water security.  It also serves as a catchment combined to be part of the marina reservoir boosting the local water supply

2) How has the legacy of the Singapore River endured or been preserved as we move into 2026 and beyond?

-It used to be a habour where trade and transport of goods took place.Many

shophouses were also set up there to sell their products to the people coming into Singapore.

-Now it is a tourist attraction and tourists go there to look at heritage sites and take photos .Some people also do kayaking there and hold festivals and competitions there.

-It is also a place where water is being taken and filtered to produce a clean water source to the people of singapore.Thus,ensuring that the people has a

continuous flow of water.

3)How has Singapore's water sustainability changed since the construction of Marina Barrage? Has it become more or less sustainable?

-The marina barrage is able to prevent floods and rainwater from entering the construction sites.The water there is then tested and transported to different households through pipes as drinkable water.

It is more sustainable as it helps ensure that the people in Singapore have a continuous and renewable flow of clean water.This helps to prevent Singapore from facing a water shortage . Thus it is more sustainable. The Barrage also embodies Singapore’s pursuit of self-reliance in water and smart water management. It also signals that infrastructure can serve multiple functions (utility + public space). It raises awareness about water, stormwater, and climate resilience among the public. Events and educational tours (“Behind the Scenes” tours) are held to bring the public closer to how the structure works. It reflects the notion of “blue-green infrastructure” (integration of water management and urban green / recreational space).

4)What are the benefits of the Marina Barrage?

-There are many activities that can be held there like kayaking and kite flying .It is also a tourist attraction and lots of people go there to shop and have fun.Thus, boosting Singapores economy. In addition, the marina barrage also holds a large amount of rainwater there which is being transformed into clean and drinkable water for the people.

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3)How has Singapore's water sustainability changed since the construction of Marina Barrage? Has it become more or less sustainable?

-The marina barrage is able to prevent floods and rainwater from entering the construction sites.The water there is then tested and transported to different households through pipes as drinkable water.

It is more sustainable as it helps ensure that the people in Singapore have a continuous and renewable flow of clean water.This helps to prevent Singapore from facing a water shortage . Thus it is more sustainable. The Barrage also embodies Singapore’s pursuit of self-reliance in water and smart water management. It also signals that infrastructure can serve multiple functions (utility + public space). It raises awareness about water, stormwater, and climate resilience among the public. Events and educational tours (“Behind the Scenes” tours) are held to bring the public closer to how the structure works. It reflects the notion of “blue-green infrastructure” (integration of water management and urban green / recreational space).

4a)What are the benefits of the Marina Barrage?

-There are many activities that can be held there like kayaking and kite flying .It is also a tourist attraction and lots of people go there to shop and have fun.Thus, boosting Singapores economy. In addition, the marina barrage also holds a large amount of rainwater there which is being transformed into clean and drinkable water for the people.

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3. It has became more sustainable since the construction of marina barrage, as it helps transport water to many areas in Singapore where many lived in. The marina barrage has made Singapore's water supply a greater one such that many people can have sufficient water.

4. a) The marina barrage, helps to improve sufficiency of water such that it spreads throughout many areas in Singapore.

b) The impacts of marina barrage are they help to provide water to many land areas in Singapore that is located underground in the system.

c) Overall the marina barrage is quite a good project such that everyday, people in Singapore get sufficient water. Not a project that harms people, it also helps to improve water supply in Singapore.

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The Singapore River has transformed dramatically from the 1960s to today, evolving from a polluted and congested waterway into a vibrant symbol of Singapore’s progress and sustainability. Before 1819, the river was already a vital trading spot for local Malays and the Orang Laut, serving as the community’s lifeline. After Sir Stamford Raffles established modern Singapore at the river’s mouth, it became the commercial heart of the settlement, lined with warehouses and bustling with bumboats carrying goods such as rubber, tin, and rice. The south bank, known as Boat Quay and completed in 1842, became the busiest trading area, handling nearly three-quarters of all shipping business by the 1860s. However, by the 1960s and 1970s, the river was severely polluted with sewage, garbage, and oil. In 1977, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew launched the Singapore River Clean-up Project, a 10-year effort that relocated squatters, improved sanitation, and restored the river’s ecosystem. By 1987, the river was clean again, marking a milestone in Singapore’s environmental journey. This success laid the foundation for later developments like Marina Bay and the Marina Barrage—the latter proposed in 1987 and completed in 2008 to provide flood control, a freshwater reservoir, and a recreational hub. Today, the Singapore River area, including Boat Quay, Clarke Quay, and Robertson Quay, is a lively heritage and tourist district filled with restaurants, museums, and light shows that celebrate its past. From a humble fishing village and polluted trading port to a clean, sustainable, and iconic cityscape, the river’s story mirrors Singapore’s own transformation into a global city that balances history, innovation, and environmental care.

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1) Since 1960s, the Singapore River it has been overcrowded by the workers when doing economical and commerical activities making the water in the Singapore River more polluted. However, over 60 years, people in Singapore started understanding the Singapore River's meaning and tried doing ways that could help solve the water pollution and make it accessible for the people in Singapore to use.

2) The Singapore River was used for recreational activities such as boat rides to understand the importance the Singapore River and its quality. People also use the river for windsurfing, dragonboating and kayaking. In the future, the people in SIngapore are contributing to use water in the Singapore River more sustainably.

3) It has become more sustainable. There are huge dams that prevent the water from the sea to flow into the Marina reservoir and also to allow overflowing of rainwater collected in the water catchment area to not overflow water, which causes floods, and flow it into the sea.

4a) Marina Barrage provides raw water which clean water that is sustainable to use as a water supply. More cities won't be flooded with seawater and cause tidal waves.

4b) There are otters in the reservoir, this means that they also consume the water for they daily needs. Meaning that there will soon be not enough water to fill up our daily needs.

4c) Marina Barrage does more good than harm. It is not only a sustainable raw water source, it is also a dam which prevents flooding of storm water and seawater.