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Toyota uses a card system to easily recognize stock and progress on their cars

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Self-checkout registers can malfunction easily, so there is a light above to show a problem

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Puma recycles their old styled clothes and uses the materials to make new ones

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Custom Audi orders

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Toyota creates new solutions/innovations to problems every week

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Recycling can be expensive

Required space for recycling

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Lower material costs leading to higher profit

More sustainable and better for environment (better brand image)

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Expensive to implement

May not identify what the problem is

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Bring instant attention

Provide a consistent and simple communication tool

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Mistakes can be made if kanban is displaced

It requires planning in advance (could be time consuming)

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Less time wasted

Easy inventory management

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Refers to sustainable model of production based on natural processes

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Delivery costs will increase as frequent small deliveries are an essential feature of JIT

The reputation of the business depends significantly on outside factors such as the reliability of supplying firms

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Capital invested in stock is reduced and the opportunity cost of stock-holding is reduced

The greater flexibility that the system demands leads to quicker response times to changes in consumer demand or tastes

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Difficult to maintain since it requires high levels of commitment and a sense of loyalty by the employees

It only works with the right culture (senior management)

It would not work under an autocratic leadership

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Great for continuously fixing problems

Increases motivation due to employee involvement

Creates a positive work environment

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It is a Japanese visual control/altering system used to indicate the status of an aspect of production process or machinery, production line or work process

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A system with a means of achieving just-in-time (JIT) production.

It works on the basis that each process on a production line pulls through just the number and type of components the process requires at just the right time

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It is an inventory management system based on stocks being delivered as and when they are needed in the production process

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Continuous improvement by changing for the better

1. It must be inclusive to all levels of the hierarchy

2. There should be no blame attached to any problem issues raised

3. Systematic thinking is needed to think of the whole production process, not a small part of it.

4. It focuses on the process and not the end product