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It was created in 1942 and is the first man made thing ever sent to space. It was produced by Germany during World War 2 and was used to bomb England and other countries with the allied forces and proved to be deadly, becauseit had  carried many missiles inside. It was designed by rocket scientist Wernher Von Braun and weighed 2 tons.

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The space race started after the world war II, this new battle was called the cold war(1947-1991), to see who had the most supperior tecnology, political economical system and fire power.

many countries wanted so show their power and supperiority in many factors. It was manly the soviet union and united states and their allies after world war II.

But in 1950 space would be a new competicion, because it was a new problem that people wanted to solve.

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It was ejected into space in 1957, it was made by the Soviet Union's government during the Space Race. It was the first satellite put into space, AKA the first thing to orbit the earth that was man made. This is different from just going into space, it means that the thing went fully around the earth, not just into space and then back down to earth.

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The Sputnik 2 was another amazing feat of technology, the Sputnik 2 was the first thing to take a mammal to space. The mammal in question was a dog names Laika. She was a street dog in the Soviet Union and was then picked out to be the first dog in space. However due to overheating and suffocation Laika never made it back to earth.

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The Vostok 1 carried Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space. He orbited the earth in the Vostok 1 spacecraft for about 1 hour and 48 minutes before returning safely to earth. The Vostok 1 was made by the Soviet Union and launched on April 12th, 1961.

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Vostok 2 held the second man in space Gherman Titov, a Soviet Union cosmonaut. This experiment was conducted to see the longer term effects of space on a human being and lasted for 25 hours (1 day and 1 hour). The Vostok 2 was launched on August 6th, 1961.

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The Mariner 1 was meant to go to Venus to make note of temperature but it exploded shortly after lift off and on  14th, 1962 the Mariner 2 was sent into space where it flew by Venus recording the temperature and sending back to earth the first data received from another planet (Venus). The Mariner 2 was launched by the United States.

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The Vostok 6 contained the first woman to go in space, Valentina Tereshkova. It was launched in the 16th of June, 1963, by the Soviet Union. Her orbit lasted for about 3 days and she started and completed it without fail.

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In 1967 tragedy struck as a fire broke out in a test module for the Apollo 1 that killed the 3 man crew inside. Virgil Grissom, Edward White, and Robert Chaffee. This taught NASA not to use a pure oxygen atmosphere during launch and to use a more advanced escape hatch in test modules so that if this ever were to happen again the astronauts would be able to get out faster. The Apollo 1 was made by the United States.

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after the Apollo 1 tragedy several uncrewed flights were sent and finally in October of 1968 a 3 man crew flew 168 orbits around the earth before returning safely. The Apollo 7 was launched by the United States

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Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, and Bill Anders on the Apollo 8

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The apollo 8 rocket took it a step further, they sent a flight crew to the moon but they didn't land on it. Instead they orbited around the moon and returned safely to earth. The Apollo 8 was launched by the United States

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Picture of an Astronaut on the moon next to an american flag

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It landed the 20th of July, 1969. This was a historic moment for the whole world because it marked the end of the space race and crowned the United States the winner of it. It was also an amazing feat of human technology because we had sent 3 men all the way to the moon (384, 400 km away) and they had survived.

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The Apollo 13 was launched in April of 1970 and was planned to go to the moon but instead there was a explosion in the oxygen tank and they were forced to come back. This is where the famous like "Houston we have a problem" Comes from.

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The Salyut 1 was launched on April 19, 1971. Salyut is Russian for Salyut and the name is supposed to represent the first man in space sent by Russia which was 10 years ago at the time. The Salyut 1 was the first space station sent by the Soviet Union. After 23 days in orbit the 2 men crew died on the flight back after their spacecraft lost air.

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The pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to fly by Jupiter. It happened on December 3rd, 1973. The pioneer 10 was launched by the United States

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On July 17th, 1975 the Apollo docked on a Soyuz Spacecraft as part of the Apollo - Soyuz experiment. The Apollo spacecraft was made by the United States and the Soyuz spacecraft was made by the Soviet Union.

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Up until the Salyut 6 the other Salyuts were not advanced and virtual failures. The Salyut 6 was launched on September 29th, 1977 and had 2 docking ports and better living quarters compared to the ones that came before it. The Salyut 6 held many successful scientific missions and had a number of international guest cosmonauts stay in it for the time it was in use.

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The mars pathfinder was a demonstration on a new way to send a rover/lander on mars and it was also to see what scientists could add to the rovers to make them better for the surrounding landscape. its was sent by NASA which is a collaboration of many space laboratories and governments around the world.

It was sent in July 4, 1997 and that rover has obtained more than 2 billion bits of information and over 16,000 images.

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the Manned Maneuvering Unit or simply know as the jetpack is known as it could help astronauts fly around space with ease. The first man who used it was Bruce McCandless in Feb 12, 1984, he had walked more then 300m away from the space shuttle and he used a jetpack to come back. He was a engenier who worked for NASA but he sadly passed away of old age

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The Challenger that blew up as it launched

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The Challenger was launched on January 18th, 1986. The goal of the challenger was to launch a Data Ray tracking satellite. Also a smaller satellite that would track Halley's comet that would appear 2 days later. There was a 7 person crew on board including a school teacher named Christa McAuliffe. She was going to teach 2 lessons from her orbit in space and give lectures about her time in space for the following 9 months. Tapes from the shuttle displayed of the crew members said "Uh-Oh" right as the space shuttle exploded and though many searches were conducted, the bodies of the crew members were never found.

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Curiosity is one of the largest(car sized) and most capable rover sent to mars and it was send by NASA in Nov. 26, 2011, using Altas V rockets; the rocket most used by NASA and the America's most used active rocket.

It is going to stay there for 1 martian year. (687 Earth days) And curiosity has more advanced features than mars pathfinder for example a huge change on the wheels so it can be able to cross more rocky terrain.

Curiosity has collected many samples and took many images  so scientists can investigate mars better and know how to implant life there.

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-https://mars.nasa.gov/marsexploration/missions/pathfinder/
- https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/cold-war-history
- https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/space-race
- https://www.britannica.com/technology/Mariner
-https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/home/
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_6
-https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/21392/mars-in-a-minute-how-long-is-a-year-on-mars/#:~:text=The%20Earth%20zips%20around%20the,year%20means%20longer%20seasons%20too.
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)
-https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/home/
-https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/home/
-https://www.britannica.com/science/Apollo-space-program
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m11IjUODi-c
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manned_Maneuvering_Unit
-https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/first-untethered-spacewalk-bruce-mccandless-astronaut-space-science
-https://www.britannica.com/event/Challenger-disaster

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After World War II drew to a close in the mid-20th century, a new conflict began. Known as the Cold War, this battle pitted the world's two great powers-the democratic, capitalist United States and the communist Soviet Union-against each other. Beginning in the late 1950s, space became another dramatic arena for this competition, as each side sought to prove the superiority of its technology, its military firepower and-by extension-its political-economic system.

Causes of the Space Race

By the mid-1950s, the U.S.-Soviet Cold War had worked its way into the fabric of everyday life in both countries, fueled by the arms race and the growing threat of nuclear weapons, wide-ranging espionage and counter-espionage between the two countries, war in Korea and a clash of words and ideas carried out in the media. These tensions would continue throughout the space race, exacerbated by such events as the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, the Cuban missile crisis of 1962 and the outbreak of war in Southeast Asia.

Space exploration served as another dramatic arena for Cold War competition. On October 4, 1957, a Soviet R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile launched Sputnik (Russian for "traveler"), the world's first artificial satellite and the first man-made object to be placed into the Earth's orbit. Sputnik's launch came as a surprise, and not a pleasant one, to most Americans. In the United States, space was seen as the next frontier, a logical extension of the grand American tradition of exploration, and it was crucial not to lose too much ground to the Soviets. In addition, this demonstration of the overwhelming power of the R-7 missile-seemingly capable of delivering a nuclear warhead into U.S. air space-made gathering intelligence about Soviet military activities particularly urgent.

Did you know? After Apollo 11 landed on the moon's surface in July 1969, six more Apollo missions followed by the end of 1972. Arguably the most famous was Apollo 13, whose crew managed to survive an explosion of the oxygen tank in their spacecraft's service module on the way to the moon.

NASA Is Created

In 1958, the United States launched its own satellite, Explorer I, designed by the U.S. Army under the direction of rocket scientist Wernher von Braun. That same year, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a public order creating the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA), a federal agency dedicated to space exploration.

Eisenhower also created two national security-oriented space programs that would operate simultaneously with NASA's program. The first, spearheaded by the U.S. Air Force, dedicated itself to exploiting the military potential of space. The second, led by the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA), the Air Force and a new organization called the National Reconnaissance Office (the existence of which was kept classified until the early 1990s) was code-named Corona; it would use orbiting satellites to gather intelligence on the Soviet Union and its allies.

Space Race Heats Up: Men (And Chimps) Orbit Earth

In 1959, the Soviet space program took another step forward with the launch of Luna 2, the first space probe to hit the moon. In April 1961, the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to orbit Earth, traveling in the capsule-like spacecraft Vostok 1. For the U.S. effort to send a man into space, dubbed Project Mercury, NASA engineers designed a smaller, cone-shaped capsule far lighter than Vostok; they tested the craft with chimpanzees and held a final test flight in March 1961 before the Soviets were able to pull ahead with Gagarin's launch. On May 5, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space (though not in orbit).

Later that May, President John F. Kennedy made the bold, public claim that the U.S. would land a man on the moon before the end of the decade. In February 1962, John Glenn became the first American to orbit Earth, and by the end of that year, the foundations of NASA's lunar landing program-dubbed Project Apollo -were in place.

Achievements of Apollo

From 1961 to 1964, NASA's budget was increased almost 500 percent, and the lunar landing program eventually involved some 34,000 NASA employees and 375,000 employees of industrial and university contractors. Apollo suffered a setback in January 1967, when three astronauts were killed after their spacecraft caught fire during a launch simulation. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union's lunar landing program proceeded tentatively, partly due to internal debate over its necessity and to the untimely death (in January 1966) of Sergey Korolyov, chief engineer of the Soviet space program.

December 1968 saw the launch of Apollo 8, the first manned space mission to orbit the moon, from NASA's massive launch facility on Merritt Island, near Cape Canaveral, Florida. On July 16, 1969, U.S. astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and Michael Collins set off on the Apollo 11 space mission, the first lunar landing attempt. After landing successfully on July 20, Armstrong became the first man to walk on the moon's surface; he famously called the momen t "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

Who Won the Space Race?

By landing on the moon, the United States effectively "won" the space race that had begun with Sputnik's launch in 1957. For their part, the Soviets made four failed attempts to launch a lunar landing craft between 1969 and 1972, including a spectacular launch-pad explosion in July 1969. From beginning to end, the American public's attention was captivated by the space race, and the various developments by the Soviet and U.S. space programs were heavily covered in the national media. This frenzy of interest was further encouraged by the new medium of television. Astronauts came to be seen as the ultimate American heroes, and earth-bound men and women seemed to enjoy living vicariously through them. Soviets, in turn, were pictured as the ultimate villains, with their massive, relentless efforts to surpass America and prove the power of the communist system.

With the conclusion of the space race, U.S. government interest in lunar missions waned after the early 1970s. In 1975, the joint Apollo-Soyuz mission sent three U.S. astronauts into space aboard an Apollo spacecraft that docked in orbit with a Soviet-made Soyuz vehicle. When the commanders of the two crafts officially greeted each other, their " handshake in space " served to symbolize the gradual improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations in the late Cold War era.

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The Space Race: Timeline, Cold War & Facts | HISTORY

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The Space Race refers to the period of competition over space exploration between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. during the Cold War.