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1. Identify the hazards according to the categories of P.E.E.P.

People -

Equipment -

Environment -

Procedure -

2. Discuss and identify the shortfalls of the management of the incident.

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Vendor's sample RAMS for Challenge Course (For Critique)

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Vendor's sample RAMS for Challenge Course (For Critique)

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Recce_High Challenge Course - Google Drive

Before your recce, review the RAMS document submitted by your vendor. Discuss the following:

a) are there other potential hazards and risk control measures that your team would like to add/ask the vendor during recce?

b) what do you need to find out during the recce to come up with an effective EAP?

c) how will you team of teachers work with the vendor's staff to implement the risk control measures and EAP (in case of an accident?

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Vendor's sample RAMS for Kayaking (For Critique)

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Vendor's sample RAMS for Kayaking (For Critique)

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Recce_Kayaking - Google Drive

Before your recce, review the RAMS document submitted by your vendor. Discuss the following:

a) are there other potential hazards and risk control measures that your team would like to add/ask the vendor during recce?

b) what do you need to find out during the recce to come up with an effective EAP?

c) how will you team of teachers work with the vendor's staff to implement the risk control measures and EAP (in case of an accident?

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You may use these questions to guide you in your reflection:

1)What aspects of the recce did you find most useful in helping you to plan the RAMS and why?

2)If you have to do another recce in future, what would you do differently and why?

3)What are your key takeaways from your experience of using PEEP and OALAG to review RAMS and conduct a site recce?

4)What are some key considerations when planning for and managing emergency and evacuation situations?

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Download the latest OAL activity guide and the relevant compliance checklists from this website.

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Download the latest School Safety Handbook and sample RAMS for student activities from this website.

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Best Practices for Emergency Action Plan (EAP) link

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Best Practices for Emergency Action Plan (EAP) link

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Download the "Best Practices on EAP for Outdoor Adventure Education (OAE) Programmes and Operations" document from the OAE Council website.

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Outdoor Adventure Learning (OAL) Community on OPAL

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Outdoor Adventure Learning (OAL) Community on OPAL

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You may use this P.E.E.P. table for reference in the course of your work. The list is not exhaustive, but it can serve as a guide in risk assessment management.

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9.1 Sample Camp Emergency Action Plan (for reference only)

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Sample High Challenge Course RAMS for reference

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Sample High Challenge Course RAMS for reference

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9.2 Sample RAMS for High Challenge Course

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OAL RAMS Workshop_Participants Handout_updated 6 July 2026

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School Safety Handbook Readings (Apr 2026 version)

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School Safety Handbook Readings (Apr 2026 version)

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This is the April 2026 version. Always refer to the school safety intranet website for the most updated handbook.

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Always refer to the PSOEB intranet website for the most updated OALAG and compliance checklists.

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1. Bamboo poles broke - use shoelace to secure coz not enough ropes

2. No PFDs issued (only had 12 on land)

3. No paddle + strong current (students use free arm to paddle)

4. Donut shaped tubes may be insufficient

5. No safety boat/life buoy/safety kayak

6. Students had no whistle to call for emergency

7. No first aid kit mentioned

8. No walkie talkie as a form of communication among staff

9. No safety vehicle to transport student/staff to nearest hospital in case of medical needs

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Environment:

Reccee - no information on reccee - recee between vendor and school was not done

Weather - not mentioned, tidal information - fast flowing river implies there may have been rain earlier.

Hazard - fast flowing river

Height - no mentioned of structural checks on the makeshift rafts.

Water Activities - make shift rafting, river was fast flowing, no indication of direction. no mention of prevailing winds, speed and direction.

Accessibility - site is 3 hours away from town - indicates long distance from medical facilities. not accessible. building of the raft was at the rugby field - indicate some distance from river.

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Medical declarations and screening - as the activity was done on the first day of the school year, seemingly dove straight in to activity. pre activity checks like ányone not feeling well' not done.

Pre-activity briefing - seemingly absent from the case notes.

Training (students) - no glimpse of physical ability of the students.

Qualifications - swimming proficiency level is poor

Safety supervisors - no one was in the river

Teachers roles and responsibilities - unclear, not with all the groups of students

Ratio - 7 staff : 202 learners

No first aider

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According to the PEEP table, none were mentioned.

1. No permits from local authorities (although provider has been operating for years)

2. No safety briefing done

3. No mass evacuation procedure and routes

4. No activity-specific rescue procedures

5. No evacuation plan and routes for incidents with casualties

6. No EAP

7. No appointment of Home Team (camp ICs?)

8. No water confidence test

9. Late communication with Police Service and emergency personnel (24hrs or more)

10. No location and condition of possible emergency landing sites

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1) The PEEP framework as a guiding principle was very useful.

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1) The PEEP framework as guiding principle was very useful

2) From school side, we will practice with the assistance of the PEEP framework and ask relevant questions.

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1) Running through the PEEP process when engaging the vendor

2) Bring more colleagues when doing recce with vendor to have a broader view to close the gap.

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1. Number of people going through the recce helped to cover areas we may have overlooked

2. Using the PEEP helped structure our thought process

3. For vendors, this has helped them review and prepare themselves when schools ask questions

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Conduct prework when managing the following students.

1) Students with additional needs, work with SENO to prepare them for the activties

2) Students with health concern such as Asthma. Get doctor ok bill and also check in with parents comfort leve.

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1) key take away - Having PEEP framework and OALAG are important to guide the thinking

2) key consideration: i) are school/vendor following the most updated MOE Safety SOP (school safety handbook activities guide / oalag, etc) ii) are the facilities and equipment officially certified and updated regularly? iii) are we able to adapt activities and adapt to SEN participants?

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Adhere to SSHB & OAL Activity Guide

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1) Always refer to the SSHB, OALAG and site SOP

2) Teachers must be briefed on what to expect and to do. As well as having the EAP in case of situations that arise.