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The history of the railroads expansion through the years by High Country News. Image obtained from www.hcn.org

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A timeline of the history of railroads in the United States by The Association of American Railroads. Image obtained from www.aar.org

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Find key milestones in freight rail’s history from 1797 to today.

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The Location of The Pullman City where The Pullman Strike took place. Location obtain from www.googlemaps.com

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Background history of The Pullman Strike of 1894

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Background history of The Pullman Strike of 1894

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The strike originated in the company town of Pullman, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, where the Pullman Company manufactured luxury railroad cars. George Pullman, the company’s owner, had created a model industrial town for his workers, providing housing and amenities in exchange for their rent and services. However, this arrangement placed the workers under Pullman’s control, with wages paid by the company and rent deducted directly from their paychecks.

During the economic depression of 1893, Pullman cut workers' wages by 25–50% while refusing to lower the cost of housing or goods in the company town. This caused severe financial hardship for employees, leading to unrest and calls for intervention.

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The Pullman Strike highlighted the struggles of workers against industrial monopolies and the imbalance of power between employers and employees. The federal government's intervention set a precedent for using force to suppress labor strikes, which was criticized as siding with big business over workers' rights.

The strike also brought national attention to Eugene V. Debs, who later became a prominent socialist leader. Furthermore, the widespread outrage over the federal response and the poor treatment of workers helped the labor movement, leading to increased demands for fair wages, better working conditions, and union recognition.

President Grover Cleveland sought to mend relations with labor by establishing Labor Day as a national holiday in 1894, recognizing the contributions of workers to the nation’s economy.

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I great article about The Pullman Strike from Pullman-museum. Article obtained from www.pullman-museum.org

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This image is provided courtesy of the Pullman State Historic Site

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A map of stablished railroads in 1890 by Samuel A. Mitchell.  

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A map of stablished railroads in 1890 by Samuel A. Mitchell.  

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Image obtained from www.davidrumsey.com

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Railroad map U.S. / (Mitchell, Samuel Augustus) / 1890

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Railroad map U.S. (Mitchell, Samuel Augustus), 1890

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Cool fact: you can stay at a Pullman car in Fredericksburg, Texas. Video obtained by www.youTube.com

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You Could Stay in this Historic 1894 Private Palace Pullman Car | Offbeat Overnights

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A detailed video of the events leading up to The Pullman strike and its relevance on Labor Day celebration. Video obtained by www.youTube.com

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The strike began in May 1894 when workers protested wage cuts and high living costs. The American Railway Union (ARU), led by Eugene V. Debs, supported the strike, calling for a nationwide boycott of Pullman railcars. This effectively crippled rail traffic across the United States. The boycott gained momentum as it spread to numerous railroads, disrupting freight and passenger services.

The federal government, under President Grover Cleveland, viewed the strike as a threat to interstate commerce and mail delivery. When negotiations failed, Cleveland sent federal troops to Chicago to break the strike, resulting in violent clashes between strikers and law enforcement. The conflict escalated, leading to the deaths of over 30 workers and the injury of many others.

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Some political cartoons. Images taken from The Pullman Boycott of 1894: The Problem of federal Intervention by Colton E. Warne.