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Mae Jemison for Kids | Bedtime History (youtube.com)

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Mae Jemison was the first African American woman to become an astronaut. She was a part of the crew of the space shuttle Endeavour, which orbited Earth for more than a week in 1992.

Jemison was born on October 17, 1956, in Decatur, Alabama. She was the youngest of three children. When she was 3, the family moved to Chicago, Illinois. Even as a young girl Jemison was deeply interested in science.

Jemison graduated from high school at age 16. She then received a scholarship to attend Stanford University in California. She graduated from there in 1977 with a degree in chemical engineering.

After Stanford, Jemison attended medical school at Cornell University in New York. She received her medical degree in 1981. She worked as a doctor first in Los Angeles, California, and then with the Peace Corps in West Africa.

Then Jemison applied to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to become an astronaut. She was one of only 15 out of 2,000 applicants accepted by NASA. Jemison entered NASA's astronaut program in 1987. In 1992 Jemison flew aboard the shuttle Endeavour as the science mission specialist. At the time she was the only female African American astronaut.

After retiring from NASA in 1993, Jemison founded her own company, the Jemison Group. The company created new technologies, especially to help developing countries. Jemison also created an international science camp for teenagers.

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Mae Jemison was the first African American woman to become an astronaut. She was a part of the crew of the space shuttle Endeavour, which orbited Earth for more than a week...

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🚀Galileo Galilei🌎🔭| Biography | Childrens story | Yomimon❣️ (youtube.com)

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Kids learn about Galileo Galilei's biography. Scientist who improved the telescope and made many discoveries and experiments.

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Katherine Johnson: Trailblazing NASA Mathematician (WAMS E33) (youtube.com)

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The stars were always within reach for Katherine Johnson. Using her mathematics skills, she helped NASA send astronauts to the moon and return them safely home. She also overcame racial and gender hurdles that helped make giant leaps for humankind.

Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, on August 26, 1918. Math came easy to her, but she worked hard to master geometry and algebra. She started high school when she was just 10 years old (most kids are in fourth or fifth grade when they're 10!) and college when she was 15. After she graduated with honors at 18, Johnson taught Black students math. She later enrolled in graduate school at West Virginia University to study math but left early to raise a family and return to teaching.

In 1952, when she was 34 years old, she learned about jobs for Black women with mathematics and computing skills at the Langley laboratory at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, which would later become NASA. She and the other women worked as "human computers," figuring out the difficult calculations needed for spaceflight. During her time there, she broke racial barriers, like using the bathroom that was supposed to be for white women only.

One of her biggest accomplishments at NASA was helping calculate the trajectory, or path, of the country's first human spaceflight in 1961, making sure astronaut Alan B. Shepard, Jr., had a safe trip. A year later she helped figure out John Glenn's orbit of the planet, another American first. In 1969, she calculated the trajectories of Neil Armstrong's historic mission to the moon on Apollo 11.

Yet unlike the white male astronauts she helped launch into space, no one knew of the groundbreaking work Johnson and dozens of other Black women did for NASA and space exploration. It wasn't until the 2016 release of the movie Hidden Figures that these women received widespread recognition.

Johnson died on February 24, 2020, at the age of 101. In her honor, NASA had dedicated the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility at the Langley Research Center to commemorate the hard work she did to help take them to the stars.

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How this math whiz helped explorers reach new worlds

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Aristotle Biography – For Kids & Teachers #Aristotle (youtube.com)

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Kids learn about the biography of Aristotle. One of the philosophers of Ancient Greece.

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Neil Armstrong | Biography | English Stories by English Singsing (youtube.com)

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How Hubble Works | Spaced Out (youtube.com)

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(1889-1953). A U.S. astronomer, Edwin Powell Hubble played a crucial role in establishing the field of extragalactic astronomy-the study of objects outside the Milky Way Galaxy. He is generally regarded as the leading astronomer of the 20th century. The Hubble Space Telescope was named after him.

Hubble was born in Marshfield, Missouri, on November 20, 1889. In 1910 he graduated from the University of Chicago and was selected as a Rhodes Scholar. He spent three years at the University of Oxford and was awarded a B.A. in jurisprudence, a subject he had taken at the insistence of his father. After his father's death in 1913, the way was open for him to pursue a scientific career. He returned to the United States and began graduate studies in astronomy at the University of Chicago.

After serving in the U.S. Army during World War I, Hubble earned his doctorate and went to work with his former teacher, George Hale, at the Mount Wilson Observatory in California. There he observed spiral nebulas, objects he had investigated for his doctorate. The status of these objects was then unclear. It was unknown whether they were distant star systems comparable to the Milky Way Galaxy or clouds of gas or sparse star clusters within, or close by, the Milky Way.

In 1923 Hubble found a type of star called Cepheid variables in the Andromeda Nebula, a very well-known spiral. He used the fluctuations in light of these stars to determine the nebula's distance. He determined that the nebula was several hundred thousand light-years away (outside the Milky Way Galaxy) and that it was actually another galaxy. Hubble's finds in the Andromeda Nebula and in other relatively nearby spiral nebulae swiftly convinced the great majority of astronomers that the universe in fact contains many galaxies.

In studying those galaxies in 1927 Hubble made his second remarkable discovery: that the galaxies were receding from the Milky Way at rates that increased with distance. This implied that the universe, long considered unchanging, was expanding. Even more remarkable, the ratio of the galaxies' speed to their distance was a constant, named Hubble's constant in his honor. Hubble's original calculation of the constant was incorrect: it made the Milky Way larger than all other galaxies and the entire universe younger than the surmised age of Earth. Later astronomers determined that galaxies were systematically more distant, resolving the discrepancy. Hubble died in San Marino, California, on September 28, 1953.

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(1889-1953). A U.S. astronomer, Edwin Powell Hubble played a crucial role in establishing the field of extragalactic astronomy-the study of objects outside the Milky Way...

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The first president of the Society of Women Engineers, worked on aircraft technology and diligently supported women in engineering throughout her career