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The Westward Expansion was the expansion of slavery to new territories. The Republican Party didn't oppose slavery in the South but opposed slavery in new territories. This caused dilemmas because the South wanted to keep control of half the U.S which lead to the Missouri Compromise.

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The Missouri Compromise resulted in Missouri becoming a slave state and Maine becoming a free state. Later in 1845 Florida was admitted as a slave state in order to balance Iowa being a free state. Since new states kept being added the Compromise of 1850 was established.

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The Compromise of 1850 lead to California being a free state. They installed  a new system called " popular sovereignty" which was applied to territories taken from Mexico. Popular sovereignty is when states decide themselves if they will allow slavery in their state.  Which lead to the Fugitive Slave Act and this law was greatly resented in the North.

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The Fugitive Slave Act required slaves to be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state. The government also made them responsible for finding and returning escaped slaves. This caused people to discover how slaves were truly being treated by the book " Uncle Toms Cabin" which was published by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

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Uncle Toms Cabin Is Published. March 20, 1852

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Uncle Toms Cabin Is Published. March 20, 1852

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Uncle Toms cabin was a book made by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. It had shown the true nature of how slaves were being treated and shone a light.

This book caused revolt on the moral issues of slavery opposed to just the political issues. This further influenced the abolition of slavery.

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act (May 30, 1854) /Bleeding Kansas 1854-1861

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act (May 30, 1854) /Bleeding Kansas 1854-1861

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-The Kansas-Nebraska Act stated that popular
sovereignty should be applied to determine the slavery
question in remaining territories.
-Bleeding Kansas had anti-slavery and pro-slavery settlers violently clashed in Kansas territory over the slave issue.

-This territory expansion started questions on further expansions in the Caribbean.

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The Formation of the Republican Party in 1854

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The Formation of the Republican Party in 1854

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Since the Kansas- Nebraska Act stated that popular sovereignty should be applied to the remaining territories this caused the Republican Party to be formed. The Republican party forming caused Ostend Manifesto to insist on purchasing Cuba.

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Was communication from three U.S diplomats to Secretary of State William L. Marcy, advocating U.S expansionist drive in the 1850s. It recommended President Pierce invade the island of Cuba.

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Dred Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom, he appealed his way to the Supreme Court, who had no right to forbid slavery. They had said a slave was property and they had no right to take a persons property.
He was freed two months later after the decision was made.
This had influenced the Freeport decision.

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A decision issued by Senator Stephen Douglas in 1858 saying that a territory could prevent slavery by popular sovereignty. This meant that territorial legislation could make it harder for slave owners to re-capture escaped slaves.

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John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry 1859

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John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry 1859

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John Brown was an abolitionist that led a small group to a raid against pro slavery forces. He traveled to Harpers Ferry, Virginia with his army of 22 men in an attempt to start an armed revolt of enslaved people, but the raid failed and Brown was found guilty for treason and murder.

Brown's raid ended up further dividing the Northern and Southern democrats and it showed in the Election of 1860.

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Republican Abraham Lincoln wins the election of 1860 in a four-way contest. Although he received less than 40% of the popular vote, he easily won the Electoral College vote because of the split in the Democratic party over slavery.

The election results caused chaos among everyone and ultimately was the breaking point for the already unstable nation. Lincoln fought to keep the nation together but by his inauguration, seven states had 'left' the union.

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The Emancipation proclamation

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The 54th regiment was an all African American volunteer regiment formed in 1863, after the emancipation proclamation declared that African American men of good condition could enlist in the army. Over 1,000 men applied from different states.

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The battle of Gettsyburg was the single bloodiest day of the war. It lasted 3 days and had over 50,000 casualties. It was fought southwest of Harrisburg, Pensilvania.

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This was the last major battle that ended the civil war. After the battle of Gettysburg, The confederate Soldiers surrendered in Vicksburg

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Shermans march to sea was destructive, aiming to destroy the south’s moral and their Ability to wage war. It last about a month and caused damage on the confederates that never healed.

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The surrender and appotomax was the end of the war. General Lee surrendered on April 9th