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Elderlies, people not well verse in digitaliteracy, people with existing illness, young children/babies and people who are working/studying/resting in crowded physical venues.

Those with existing illness and people with income issues as well as bad living conditions.

Inadequate existing infrastructure as well as backup system for a nation-wide disruption

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Consider the COVID-19 pandemic:
1) not able to cope with the drastic life changes of covid, leading to worsening of mental health. Quoting WHO, "One major explanation for the increase is the unprecedented stress caused by the social isolation resulting from the pandemic. Linked to this were constraints on people’s ability to work, seek support from loved ones and engage in their communities."

Daily expenditures increased due to wfh, which is a heavy load for the low income families.

2) low income families, immunocompromised individuals

3) Healthcare systems' capacity not able to meet the needs of the rising cases, e.g. being not enough ward beds, resulting in delayed admission into icu wards etc

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1. career (both upgrading and maintaining), good education, infection of virus, travelling
2. foreigners as they cannot travel back to see their family, reducing the amount of social support they can get from family.
3. the expensive travels and inability to travel due to lock down

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1) low-income individuals

2) still low-income individuals/families, who may not have access to digital devices like laptops for work from home/online school

3) the closing down of workplaces/schools

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1. Income vulnerabilties: Almost everyone in the pandemic has experienced some form of income loss, which has impaired their daily lives (eg. A shop owner forced to pause operations)
2. Those on the lower-income level had their job-security and, food-security  intensified. The stoppage of economic activities has impaired their income earning abilities, while the panic-buying phase (further sensationalised by the media) has cut off access to goods such as instant noodles or canned foods (goods typically stocked up during the lockdown). These are the goods typically consumed by lower income groups, even before the pandemic.
3. The lack of education to the public before enforcing the circuit breaker on how to responsibly shop and mitigating the problems and worries faced

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1) People not being able to keep their jobs due to companies firing people to maintain/reduce their losses

2) Families with only one breadwinner/ single working parent families

3) Not enough financial support for the companies to have their workers stay.

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1) Individuals living alone, relying on themselves for all their daily necessities and needs
2) Elderly living alone
- when they were down with COVID, no one is able to visit them and prepare food for them
- having to rely on children to order food for them or having to cook their own meals
3) Social system vulnerabilities maybe? like how assistance from social groups are stopped or paused because of it.
Point-of-consideration: is there a way for continued assistance for vulnerable groups or individuals?

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Elderly Population:

Individual Vulnerabilities: Advanced age, pre-existing health conditions, reduced immune function.

System Vulnerabilities: Inadequate healthcare infrastructure, lack of focused attention on eldercare, limited access to technology for virtual communication, and social isolation measures.

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1) People with pre-existing physical health or mental health conditions, elderlys who are not tech-savvy, workers whose jobs are based physically / on free-lance basis (e.g. events)

2) I think people with pre-existing physical health, as the covid-19 virus affects their already poor health directly.

3) Lack of preparation for the pandemic especially when it first started – not enough medical workers, isolation spaces etc. Hence, people with poorer health are unable to seek medical help as efficiently as before.

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other people's perception of them
teens
social media

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Elderlies

1) Old age, health conditions or illnesses, general well-being, lack of care from family or friends, poor living conditions.

2) Elderlies living alone or in need of care from volunteer facilities. Their vulnerabilities are intensified as there is a reduced social interaction and discontinued care from volunteers or social groups.

3) Circuit breaker and law that prohibits social interaction other than essential services. This may reduce social interaction and may result in social isolation, especially for elderlies. This prohibits them from receiving adequate care or social isolation

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1) The individual vulnerabilities would be there would be increased risk for severe illness where individuals with certain underlying medical conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, or obesity, may be at a higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 as compared to the others. In addition , people who lose their jobs could be an individual vulnerability , where it could lead to some facing financial difficulties.

2) Elderly , where they have a higher risk of severe illness and death and are more likely to have illnesses, such as heart disease or diabetes, which can increase their risk of severe illness from COVID-19 or when they insist that Covid was no big issue initially and did not want to wear masks.

I do also think maybe the homeless , as they would have limited access to healthcare which includes testing and treatment for COVID-19

3)For the elderly , it would be due to the healthcare system where due to the rising healthcare needs and escalating care costs pose challenges for them as for some it can be quite expensive.

While for the homeless, it could be due to the housing system where there are limited affordable housing options and high rental costs can contribute to homelessness. And also, the lack of stable housing puts them at risk of exposure to various health and safety hazards.