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During the Second Indochina War, the United States (US) employed numerous strategies and tactics in order to repel invading North Vietnamese communism into the South. These tactics and strategies were largely ineffective in terms of aiding the civilians in South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. In fact, they also failed in destroying the opposition too as guerrilla warfare outspoke that of conventional attrition warfare by the US. Dispossession of civilians, destruction of infrastructure and therefore economic development, and scorched earth policies through bombings and use of defoliants. It can be understood that there was much social push against US involvement by the South Vietnamese and Cambodians.

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The concept of ‘Stalinism’ is largely categorised as a process of industrialising a nation that was primarily characterised by an agrarian peasant based, feudal economy into an economically competitive player in global politics.  During the time Stalin was the primary decision maker of the Politburo from 1922 onwards a shift in focus from ‘perpetual revolution’ favoured by old Bolsheviks like Trotsky moved towards one of ‘revolution in one country’. The consequence of these radical economic policies had both intended and unintended affects on Russian society and culture, leading to what has come to be known as Stalins ‘cultural revolution’ or ‘revolution from above’.

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The strategies and tactics of the US military in Indochina, were primarily focussed on winning over the ‘hearts and minds’ of civilians in South Vietnam while simultaneously creating an environment of inhospitable fear for communist sympathisers.  This was achieved primarily through military strategies involving extensive bombing campaigns and the use of chemical warfare. Where as tactics utilised by American soldiers themselves to ‘win over’ the populous included alms giving and friendly interactions with civilians which turned sour towards the end of the conflict.

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As a result of wanting to contain communism and “aid” the Southern state of Vietnam after a split between the 17th parallel, The United States of America (US) Army, intervened in the course of the Second Indochina war, deployed various tactics and strategies which significantly affected the civilians. These strategies were characterised by the “traditional” forms of warfare, in the attempt to cease victory over communism and prevent a spread to the South. By deploying these “traditional” forms of warfare, including air and ground military tactics, chemical warfare, most namely, Agent Orange and forms of appeasement warfare, notably, the hearts and minds, it is heavily debated that these tactics were “unsuccessful” due to the US’ inability to adjust these forms of warfare to adapt to the ever-changing nature of the war. This then significantly affected their ability to appease Indochinese citizens, socially, economically and environmentally therefore leading to mass oppression from locals and a very negative public reaction.

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B) Assess how US strategies and tactics affected civilians in Indochina between 1964 and 1975.

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A) How significant was US policy to developments in North and South Vetnam between 1954 and 1964?

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B) Assess the success of Soviet foreign policy in achieving its aims to 1941.

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A) Evaluate the view that Stalinism was primarily about transforming the Soviet economy.