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https://youtu.be/Jb0HVUc2Ri4?si=9jmcvGluZLtXeCMm

(This may need to be opened a few times for it to actually work)

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Figure 4.16 - Settlement in the Mid-Atlantic colonies, 1760

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https://umaine.edu/canam/publications/maps/british-atlantic/

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Thousands of Scotch-Irish immigrants came to North America from the northern province of Ulster in the early 1700s. At the time, economic conditions in Ireland were harsh, with the majority of  families living in poverty. Many Scotch-Irish individuals were drawn to America due to its land ownership opportunities. Religious conflicts in Ireland also drove a multitude of people out of the country. In the late 1600s, conflict broke out in Ireland between the Catholics and Protestants. The Irish Penal Laws of 1695 penalized the practice of Catholicism, causing many Scotch-Irish to seek religious freedom elsewhere.

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The Scotch-Irish migration is linked to push factors by religion. In the late 1600s, the Protestants and Catholics were fighting in Ireland. The conflict made the country fractured and angry. Many Scottish and Irish citizens wanted religious freedom, and chose to move to North America.

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The Scottish and Irish people migrating to North America showed voluntary immigration because they were not forced to move out. Although many of them may have felt pressure to leave, none of the Scotch-Irish were in actual danger, nor were they forcefully kicked out.

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The Scotch-Irish migration to North America in the early 1700s is an example of an immigration wave because people from one origin migrated to a common destination. This is due to the alignment between the push factors of Ireland and the pull factors of North America.

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Hundreds of thousands of Scottish and Irish people moves to the Americas in the 1700s. This shows international migration because the Americas are across the Pacific Ocean to Great Britain.

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Major pull factors that drew Scotch-Irish emigrants to North America include opportunities for land ownership and religious freedoms. Poor Irish families migrated to the Americas in the hopes of getting out of poverty by purchasing cheap land. North America was an appealing destination for many Scotch-Irish in the early 1700s due to its increased religious freedoms when compared to Ireland. The Irish Penal Laws of 1695 made the practice of Catholicism illegal in Ireland, causing thousands of Irish people to immigrate to the Americas.

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This term connects to the migration in the sense that North America was a safe place for Scotch-Irish emigrants to go in order to escape the Irish Penal Laws of 1695. These laws oppressed Irish Catholics, treating them differently on account of their religion. North America provided Scotch-Irish the freedom to practice any religion they want, protecting them from the oppression.

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1. Every migration flow generates a return or countermigration (other than forced migration)

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1. Every migration flow generates a return or countermigration (other than forced migration)

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This law does not accurately describe the Scotch-Irish migration to North America in the early 1700s because the movement did not spark a countermigration of North Americans moving to Ireland. This is partly due to the fact that, at the time, North America did not have nearly as many inhabitants as Europe, and therefore its people did not need to migrate to Europe in order to find more opportunities for land ownership.

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2. A majority of migrants move short distances

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2. A majority of migrants move short distances

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This law is not accurate for this migration because they moved across the Atlantic Ocean.

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3. Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations

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3. Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations

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This law accurately depicts the migration as the majority of Scotch-Irish emigrants chose to settle in already highly established areas of North America. Two of the most popular destinations of the migration were Boston and Philadelphia.

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4. People who live in cities are less migratory than people in the countryside

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4. People who live in cities are less migratory than people in the countryside

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This is inaccurate; a lot of the Scotch-Irish citizens had already lived in cities and still moved to America. These citizens were most likely poorer, and they moved out in hopes to get out of poverty.

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5. Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults

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5. Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults

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This law holds true to the migration. The majority of Scotch-Irish emigrants came to North America seeking opportunities to start a new and successful life. Some people had to work as indentured servants in order to afford the voyage, meaning that the majority of emigrants had to be able-bodied workers.