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Conceptual art, also referred to as conceptualism, is art in which the concept or idea involved in the work are prioritized equally to or more than traditional aesthetic, technical, and material concerns. Some works of conceptual art may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions

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Art Nouveau is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and flowers

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Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.

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Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities,

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Aestheticism was an art movement in the late 19th century that valued the appearance of literature, music, fonts and the arts over their functions.

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Pure photography or straight photography refers to photography that attempts to depict a scene or subject in sharp focus and detail, in accordance with the qualities that distinguish photography from other visual media, particularly painting.

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The Pictures Generation, 1974–1984 was an exhibition at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City that ran from April 29 – August 2, 2009. The exhibition took its name from Pictures, a 1977 five person group show organized by art historian and critic Douglas Crimp at New York City's Artists Space galler

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Group f/64 or f.64 was a group founded by seven American 20th-century San Francisco Bay Area photographers who shared a common photographic style characterized by sharply focused and carefully framed images seen through a particularly Western viewpoint

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Known for their rigorous devotion to the 1920s German tradition of Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity), the Bechers' photographs were clear, black and white pictures of industrial archetypes (pitheads, water towers, coal bunkers).

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Dada was an art movement formed during the First World War in Zurich in negative reaction to the horrors and folly of the war. The art, poetry and performance produced by dada artists is often satirical and nonsensical in nature.

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Pulling film during the developing stage: Pulling film during the developing stage refers to adjusting the film's development process to compensate for the intentional overexposure that occurred during shooting.

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Push processing in photography, sometimes called uprating, refers to a film developing technique that increases the effective sensitivity of the film being processed. Push processing involves developing the film for more time, possibly in combination with a higher temperature, than the manufacturer's recommendations.

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This metering system is called a reflective reading for a very simple reason, the light meter reads the amount of light bouncing or reflecting off your subject. It also uses a system called through the lens metering or TTL.

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Handheld incident meters read the intensity of light falling on the subject and are usually taken from the subject position. Because they are not affected by variances in subject color or reflectance, incident meters accurately record the amount of light falling on the subject.

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Lomography is a photographic style which involves taking spontaneous photographs with minimal attention to technical details.

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The key light can be "hard" (focused) or "soft" (diffused), and depending on the desired setup can be placed at different angles relative to the subject.

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Low-key lighting is a style of lighting for photography, film or television. It is a necessary element in creating a chiaroscuro effect. Traditional photographic lighting uses a key light, a fill light and a back light for illumination.

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High-key lighting is a style of lighting for film, television, or photography that aims to reduce the lighting ratio present in the scene. This was originally done partly for technological reasons, since early film and television did not deal well with high contrast ratios, but now is used to suggest an upbeat mood.

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Badger lighting is using two softboxes to create a shadow in the middle of the face. Equipment: White Backdrop. Camera( Canon EOS 5DMK3 )

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Clamshell lighting is a simple, two-light configuration: You place both lights facing your subject at a 45-degree angle, one angled up, one angled down. Note that your key light (i.e., your primary, brighter light) should point 45 degrees downward, while your fill light should point 45 degrees upward.

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Based on a 19th century method, the process known as mordançage has been used to dramatically alter black and white photographs since the 1960s. Mordançage subjects a fully developed photograph to a series of wet chemical reactions, beginning with an acidic copper(II) chloride and hydrogen peroxide bleaching solution.

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Computational photography refers to digital image capture and processing techniques that use digital computation instead of optical processes

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As a practice, Glitch Photography can be defined in two ways: (1) the documentation of glitches in digital platforms, displays, software, interfaces, workflows, and hardware; (2) the creative use of glitches and glitch processes in photographic production.

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Forensic photography creates a permanent visual record of the crime scene in the state in which it was originally found and plays a huge role throughout the entire investigation. It also plays a beneficial role in reconstructing the events which took place and give jurors a clear image of the crime.[2]

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The concept of Bodyscape photography is to photograph a human body in such a way that at first glance it appears to either be something else, usually a landscape, or it is so well integrated into an actual landscape that only after further examination is it clear that much more of the scene than is initially evident is

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements

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Brand photography is the suite of bespoke images used to represent companies and form clear visual identities for marketing materials. It includes all your product photos, team headshots, social media and blog images and every picture you use for digital or print media - but only if they're unique to you.

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Contrast is the range of brightness, from lightest to darkest, in an image. A high-contrast image will have very bright highlights and very dark shadows. Sometimes an image's highlights may be almost pure white, or the shadows may be almost pure black: high contrast.

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"Large format" refers to any film (and camera) type in which a single frame is 4×5 inches or larger. Other common sizes include 5×7, 8×10, and 11x14. This film is not on a roll, but rather it is in individual sheets (which is why it is also referred to as sheet film) that are loaded into film holders.

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Wildlife photography is a genre of photography that records the life of animals in their natural settings, like in a forest or underwater. So, wildlife photography often constitutes the images of animals in movement or action such as eating, fighting, or in flight.

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Black light photography uses shorter wavelengths than the visible spectrum to highlight the subject. You'll want to incorporate things that are fluorescent under black light and absorb ultraviolet light, like neon makeup or clothing, to get the best illumination.

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Panoramic photography is a technique of photography, using specialized equipment or software, that captures images with horizontally elongated fields of view. It is sometimes known as wide format photography

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Drone photography is the capture of still images and video by a remotely-operated or autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), also known as an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) or, more commonly, as a drone.

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Glamour photography is, simply put, photography that highlights beauty, sexiness, allure, dazzle, fine lines and even romance. In other words, glamour photography emphasizes drama and all that jazz.

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A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens but with a tiny aperture (the so-called pinhole)—effectively a light-proof box with a small hole in one side. Light from a scene passes through the aperture and projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the box, which is known as the camera obscura effect.

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What is stock photography? Stock photos are photographs that are licensed for commercial purposes. Commonly, marketing agencies and people who need a photo for graphic design will use them to add personality and excitement to an image — without having to conduct a photoshoot of their own.

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Advertising photography is, quite simply, the photography a brand uses to sell its products or services. When done well, photography advertising encourages its audience to be interested in the service. Therefore, this advertising channel is vital to a brand's campaign.

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Cityscape photography is a form of landscape photography, but the landscapes in question are elements of a city. Often, these photos are shot with the goal of capturing the skyline of the city. Vantage point, framing, lens choice, and perspective all play a part in creating a compelling image.

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Corporate photography includes all kinds of photographs used for a corporation's needs. The types of corporate photography include portraits, product photos, office environment photos, and event photography. The photographs can then be used in employee recruitment materials or digital training sessions.

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A real estate photographer is an artistic professional who takes favorable photos of commercial and residential property. They work with realtors who use the photos to sell properties online. Real estate photographers may also take photographs for model home builders, designers, home decorators or architects

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The Photographic Society of America defines a travel photo as an image that expresses the feeling of a time and place, portrays a land, its people, or a culture in its natural state, and has no geographical limitations.

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Event photography is the professional art of snapping high-quality images during a wide variety of important occasions, from personal events like weddings or birthday parties to large public gatherings like corporate events, galas, award ceremonies and music festivals.

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Storm photography celebrates how our complex atmosphere expresses light and color. And it's important to document the changes in our weather. But before you start photographing storms, educate yourself on the risks and consult the experts so you can stay safe. “Know your subject,” says Reed.

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In short, a pet photographer is a professional photographer who specialises in taking pictures of people's pets. In many instances, they are hired privately by pet owners to capture images of their companion animals that they can have as a keepsake.

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Fantasy photography is a genre of photography that involves creating images that are based on fantasy, mythology, and folklore. Fantasy photos often feature surreal or magical elements, such as fairies, elves, goblins, and dragonsc

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Landscape photography shows the spaces within the world, sometimes vast and unending, but other times microscopic. Landscape photographs typically capture the presence of nature but can also focus on human-made features or disturbances of landscapes. Landscape photography is done for a variety of reasons.

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Scientific photography is the use of photos to collect scientific data and imagery for scientific research and applied sciences like engineering and medicine.

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Kinetic photography is an experimental photographic technique in which the photographer uses movement resulting from physics to create an image. This typically involves the artist not directly holding the camera, but allowing the camera to react to forces applied to it in order to make a photograph.

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Editorial photography is a type of photography that aims to tell a story or portray a concept. Editorial photography is commonly found in magazines, newspapers, editorial features, and journalism. Unlike commercial photography, editorial photography relies much more on story than it does on a brand.

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Street photography is photography conducted for art or inquiry that features unmediated chance encounters and random incidents within public places, usually with the aim of capturing images at a decisive or poignant moment by careful framing and timing.

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Similar to conceptual photography and surrealism, symbolic photography uses objects, colors, and themes to convey specific ideas and intentionally evoke emotions.

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In photography, flash synchronization or flash sync is the synchronizing the firing of a photographic flash with the opening of the shutter admitting light to photographic film or electronic image sensor.

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The term Tonalism describes a style of American art focused primarily on depicting landscape, emphasizing tonal values to express mood or poetic feeling.

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the quality in art (such as animation or painting) of depicting or seeming to depict real people, objects, etc. with the exactness of a photograph. Luca is largely a departure from the sort of animation style we're used to seeing in Pixar movies, swapping photorealism for something more stylised …

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The term suprematism refers to an abstract art based upon "the supremacy of pure artistic feeling" rather than on visual depiction of objects. Suprematist art. Kazimir Malevich's Suprematism, 1916–17, Krasnodar Museum of Art. Country. Russian Empire.

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Conceptual art is art for which the idea (or concept) behind the work is more important than the finished art object. It emerged as an art movement in the 1960s and the term usually refers to art made from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s.

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From the 1880s until the First World War, western Europe and the United States witnessed the development of Art Nouveau (“New Art”). Taking inspiration from the unruly aspects of the natural world, Art Nouveau influenced art and architecture especially in the applied arts, graphic work, and illustration.

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Expressionism refers to art in which the image of reality is distorted in order to make it expressive of the artist's inner feelings or ideas.

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im·​pres·​sion·​ism im-ˈpre-shə-ˌni-zəm. 1. often capitalized : a theory or practice in painting especially among French painters of about 1870 of depicting the natural appearances of objects by means of dabs or strokes of primary unmixed colors in order to simulate actual reflected light.

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The Aesthetic Movement in Britain (1860 – 1900) aimed to escape the ugliness and materialism of the Industrial Age, by focusing instead on producing art that was beautiful rather than having a deeper meaning – 'Art for Art's sake'.

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keep planes that are not parallel to the image plane in focus by manipulating the position of the lens. In modern-day photography, the Scheimpflug principle is used in tilt-shift lenses and digital manipulation programs to achieve the same results

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Social documentary photography or concerned photography is the recording of what the world looks like, with a social and/or environmental focus.

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When taking photographs to 'open up' or 'opening up' refers to the practice of allowing more light to be recorded by a photographic medium for example a camera film or sensor. Opening up can be done in one of two ways; By selecting a larger aperture setting on a lens, or setting a longer exposure time on a camera.

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In photography, stopping down refers to increasing the numerical f-stop number (for example, going from f/2 to f/4), which decreases the size (diameter) of the aperture of a lens, resulting in reducing the amount of light entering the iris of a lens.

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Barn doors are light modifiers that shape and direct light. They are flexible to use and can create focused light. They also make a variety of shapes. Barn doors are fixed onto the front of studio or theatre lights. They have four hinged doors around the light source.

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Giclée describes digital prints intended as fine art and produced by inkjet printers. The term is a neologism, ultimately derived from the French word gicleur, coined in 1991 by printmaker Jack Duganne.

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Duotone (sometimes also known as Duplex) is a halftone reproduction of an image using the superimposition of one contrasting color halftone over another color halftone. This is most often used to bring out middle tones and highlights of an image.

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Contre-jour (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃tʁə ʒuʁ]; lit. 'against daylight') is a photographic technique in which the camera is pointing directly toward a source of light, as well as an equivalent technique of painting.

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Process. Combination printing uses two or more negatives to make one print. Combination printing required a lot of careful work to plan out the concept of what the final image was desired to look like.

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A circular polarizer is designed to do one thing: remove or control reflections from surfaces like water, glass, paint, leaves, sky, buildings, streets, and the list goes on. When light hits those surfaces they create glare that increases highlights, reduces color and detail.

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Femto-photography is a technique for recording the propagation of ultrashort pulse

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Pictorialism is an international style and aesthetic movement that dominated photography during the later 19th and early 20th centuries.

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The Sabatier effect, also known as pseudo-solarization (or pseudo-solarisation) and erroneously referred to as the Sabattier effect, is a phenomenon in photography in which the image recorded on a negative or on a photographic print is wholly or partially reversed in tone.

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The snapshot aesthetic refers to the appropriation of re-creation of traits of the snapshot. This developed from the 1960s when it was recognised as a form of 'folk art', that is, a format that was outside the art canon.

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A toy camera is a simple, inexpensive film camera. The original Diana camera was made in Hong Kong in the 1960s and 1970s. The Diana+ and Diana F+ copies are currently produced by Lomography. Hong Kong's Holga camera takes medium format photographs on 120 film.

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A slang term that refers to the process of putting a camera into the highest continuous drive mode it offers and maintaining pressure on the shutter button while taking as many pictures as possible in a short amount of time. The similar idea is behind the phrase "spray and pray.”

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Photography is the simultaneous recognition, in a fraction of a second, of the significance of an event as well as of a precise organisation of forms which give that event its proper expression.

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The term alternative process refers to any non-traditional or non-commercial photographic printing process. Currently, the standard analog photographic printing process for black-and-white photographs is the gelatin silver process.

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The basic rule is, "On a sunny day set aperture to f/16 and shutter speed to the [reciprocal of the] ISO film speed [or ISO setting] for a subject in direct sunlight."

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In the visual arts, gradation is the technique of gradually transitioning from one hue to another, or from one shade to another, or one texture to another. Space, distance, atmosphere, volume, and curved or rounded forms are some of the visual effects created with gradation.

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ll The Gear, No Idea. It refers to people who are constantly upgrading their equipment to the latest camera bodies, lenses, and tripods, yet have no idea how to properly use any of them.

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Spherical lenses project images onto the sensor without affecting their aspect ratio. Anamorphic lenses, on the other hand, project a version of the image that is compressed along the longer dimension (usually by a factor of two).

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What is an IPS Monitor? (IPS Monitor Technology) IPS monitors or “In-Plane Switching” monitors, leverage liquid crystals aligned in parallel to produce rich colors. IPS panels are defined by the shifting patterns of their liquid crystals. These monitors were designed to overcome the limitations of TN panels.

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Diffraction is an optical effect which limits the total resolution of your photography — no matter how many megapixels your camera may have. It happens because light begins to disperse or "diffract" when passing through a small opening (such as your camera's aperture).

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Aerial photography is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other airborne platforms. When taking motion pictures, it is also known as aerial videograph

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A watermark is a way of signing your images as the owner. It's also a deterrent to copyright infringement. A watermark is usually a logo, stamp, or signature superimposed onto a photo. Photographers use watermarks on their photos to make them easy to identify. They also let people know the picture has a copyright.

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As the name suggests, mirrorless cameras capture images without the use of a mirror in the camera body. This is different from DSLR cameras, which reflect images into viewfinders via mirrors. Instead, mirrorless cameras often use electronic viewfinders (EVF) to display images digitally.

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Chromatic aberration, also known as color fringing, is a color distortion that creates an outline of unwanted color along the edges of objects in a photograph. Often, it appears along metallic surfaces or where there's a high contrast between light and dark objects, such as a black wall in front of a bright blue sky.

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A CPL filter – which stands for circular polarizer/linear — is a glass attachment that can reduce the glare from reflected surfaces. Although there are various types available on the market, the most popular is the circular model, partly as it can fit easily onto the end of virtually any camera lens.

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In photography and optics, a neutral-density filter, or ND filter, is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition. It can be a colorless or grey filter, and is denoted by Wratten number 96

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Astrophotography, also known as astronomical imaging, is the photography or imaging of astronomical objects, celestial events, or areas of the night sky.

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Urbex is a subfield of architecture photography, which takes many different forms. Mostly, it is about exploring the urban habitat and the countless exciting places within it. This usually involves entering abandoned buildings such as old factories, derelict residences or other urban ruins.

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Lifestyle photography is a genre of photography that mainly aims to capture portraits of people in situations, real-life events, or milestones in an artistic manner. The primary goal is to tell stories about people's lives or to inspire people at different times.

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a photograph made by combining several distinct photographs either made one over another on the same plate or made on one print from a number of negatives.

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In infrared photography, the photographic film or image sensor used is sensitive to infrared light. The part of the spectrum used is referred to as near-infrared to distinguish it from far-infrared, which is the domain of thermal imaging. Wavelengths used for photography range from about 700 nm to about 900 nm.

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Description: In photography, tethered shooting is the process of capturing images while your camera is connected to your computer, which allows your photos to instantly upload to the computer. The benefit of tethered shooting is that it allows you to check images on a large screen while you're shooting.

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The key light works as the main source of exposure for a cinematographer. Key light photography is critical to properly exposing and highlighting the shapes, dimensions, and forms of a subject and atmosphere that appear on screen

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A fill light is responsible for exposing the details of a subject that fall in the shadows of the key light. It is the secondary light in the traditional 3 point lighting setup. The fill light is typically positioned opposite of the key light to literally fill in the shadows that the key light creates.

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In digital photography and digital video, clipping is a result of capturing or processing an image where the intensity in a certain area falls outside the minimum and maximum intensity which can be represented.

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They are often dust particles or, especially in the Spring and Summer months, pollen. If static charges build up, dust bunnies can become attracted to each other, resulting in large “super” dust bunnies. These can collect on the sensor glass of your camera and result in dark blobs when you image.