# data[].attributes.body
Counter-argument (a possible opposing point that opposing parties may raise)

Point for rebuttal (To refute the counterargument)

Evidence to Support your rebuttal

Elaboration on why your rebuttal is valid

Link to why your rebuttal refutes the counterargument

# data[].attributes.body
-        Paraphrase thesis statement to reinforce your stand and reasons

- Kicker

# data[].attributes.headline
How do we decide which ideas will make our body paragraphs strong?

# data[].attributes.subject
How do we decide which ideas will make our body paragraphs strong?

# data[].attributes.body
How do we decide which points to keep for our body paragraphs?

-       Relevance to thesis statement

-       Availability of evidence

-       Scale of Impact

# data[].attributes.body
Keywords:

# data[].attributes.body
1) Point: Brainstorm for 1 MAIN IDEA on how young people has changed the world for the better, which will be your Point in a PEEL paragraph.
2) Ev + Ex: Support your main idea with relevant EVIDENCE and ELABORATION. (Write them in bullet point form)
3) Link: Write a link that connects your evidence and explanation back to your Point.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Brainstorm for 1 COUNTERARGUMENT + REBUTTAL on how young people has NOT changed the world for the better, which will be your Point in a CAR paragraph.
2) Support your REBUTTAL with relevant EVIDENCE and ELABORATION. (Write them in bullet point form)

# data[].attributes.body
- Faith, Gloria, Yu Zhe, Braven,

- Kaden, Chen Feng, Sarah, Paul

- Dylan, Jon, Malcolm, Siam

- Alson, Hazel, Yi Jie, Zahin,

- Ying Ci, Val, Hakimi, Sean,

- Erwin, Jazen, Aeisya, Ing Runn

- Matthias, Raye, Thinagesh, Afiq

- Cherwey, Kay Lee, Caden, Bethany

- Sky, Zenneth, Rihanna, Giovana

# data[].attributes.headline
In your conclusion, do use the following points to guide your writing:

# data[].attributes.subject
In your conclusion, do use the following points to guide your writing:

# data[].attributes.body
1) What leads us to help others or do something concrete to change the world around us?
2) What kind of help makes the biggest difference?
3) What can we stand to gain and learn when we help others?

# data[].attributes.body
Hook

Context

Thesis statement (a clear committed stand)

# data[].attributes.body
ð      I have crafted a Point that supports my thesis statement

ð      I have used at least 2 pieces of evidence (facts / statistics / examples / testimonies) to support my Point.

ð      I have explained how my evidence supports and strengthens my point

ð I have crafted a Link that show how my explanation supports my point.

# data[].attributes.body
ð      I have crafted a Counterargument that opposing parties may raise

ð      I have crafted a Point for rebuttal that refutes the counterargument

ð      I have used at least 2 pieces of evidence (facts / statistics / examples / testimonies) to support my Rebuttal.

ð      I have explained how my evidence supports and strengthens my rebuttal

ð  I have crafted a Link that show how my explanation refutes the counterargument.

# data[].attributes.body
Hook: If you were to ask yourself, what can you do to change the world? What comes to mind?
Context: Young people want to change the world, globalization and technology has made information accessible and young people are becoming more educated and aware of social issues in the world, simply by reading news online. Young people noawadays are aware of relevant issues that affect them and the world, and they are fearless, brave people who have the ideas, the creativity and great energy to shape a better world. Young people are full of hope and through innovation and imagination, they are problem solvers and have a great potential to generate a positive social change in the world.

Thesis Statement: Therefore, I agree that many young people today are taking concrete steps and actions to solve existing social problems in today's world.

# data[].attributes.body
Ev: What did he do?
Ex: What were the positive impacts / benefits? What legacy did they leave behind? How has the world benefitted from it?

# data[].attributes.headline
Context: (background info) What's special and different about young people?

# data[].attributes.subject
Context: (background info) What's special and different about young people?

# data[].attributes.body
Unique perspectives which means > can come up with innovative solutions to existing problems

younger > more opportunities to serve the world around us, can start very early

relevance, keep up with the fast-changing pace of the world.

# data[].attributes.body
Hook: have you ever wondered if the younger generation could help make a positive impact to the world in the future (hypothetical scenario)

Context: The youths’ of today are today’s tomorrow. There are youths  out there that there are actually  made an impact in the world. As youths, they are younger and are responsive to different changes and are innovative enough to solve problems quickly due to the fact we can gather information from the internet quickly.

Thesis statement: thus I agree that young people are indeed changing the world for the better

# data[].attributes.body
Hook: Do you think you have made much changes to the world?

Context: In the recent years, more and more youths have been stepping up and using their abilities to address social causes. Either through volunteering to help, inventing innovative solutions, or fighting for human rights; youths have been making a positive influence on others. Younger generations are constantly exposed to new technologies, which make them more adaptable than the older generations. This grants them  the potentials and opportunities to bring better changes to the world.

Thesis statement: Therefore, I agree that young people are changing the world for the better. :D

# data[].attributes.body
Hook: Who comes to mind first when you think of a youth who has positively impacted the world?
Context: Young people have the ability to change the world positively. In this digital era, young people are more tech savvy compared to the older generations. Through technology, information can be accessed easily like the back of their hands. Young people can educate themselves on current world issues, and create innovative solutions to tackle them. They are also courageous when facing unprecedented circumstances, and ambitious in achieving progress for the society's future.
Thesis Statement: Hence, I agree, to a large extent, that the young people of today are changing the world for the better.

# data[].attributes.body
Hook: In a world full of social issues, riots and activism, a group of young heroes stand up to fight against these injustices. Does anyone familiar come to mind when you think of young people making change?
Context: In the fast-paced world of social media, information is easily accessible and widespread. Youths are becoming more aware of social issues and have the resources to speak up for what they believe in. Youths nowadays are smarter, more conscientious and more fearless in generating new ideas to impact the world positively.
Thesis Statement: In my opinion, young people are changing the world for the better. (:

# data[].attributes.body
Young people are the future of the world, but are they changing it for the better? Young people today are changing the world by improving its state in countless innovative ways.

# data[].attributes.body
Hook: If you were to do something, what do you think you can do to change the world?
Context: Many youths are starting to make a positive change through social media like using hashtags. Even though hashtags are superficial, there are youths trying to make a change. They benefitted the world by fighting for their rights while changing people’s perspectives.
Thesis statement: Therefore, i agree that young people are changing the world for the better.

# data[].attributes.body
Hook: Look around you and observe the advancements made by people, like the smartphone and different advancements in ideology. Context: Young people spearheaded these changes to benefit the world. Thesis Statement: Hence I strongly agree with the statement, ‘Younger people are changing the world for the better’.

# data[].attributes.body
1) hypothetical scenario, eg Have you ever wondered if.....?
2) direct address/question to audience. eg 'do you....?
3) global/general question. eg 'who/what comes to mind....
4) describe a real/imagined situation. 'picture this in your mind, a world where....'

# data[].attributes.body
i agree/disagree to a large extent........

# data[].attributes.body
Have you ever wondered what you can do for the world despite being young? What makes young people special? Numerous young people are out in the world trying to make a change for the better. How can they do so? They can make use of their unique perspective to come up with innovative solutions to existing problems. Young people are more relevant and they can keep up with the fast changing pace of the world because of the advanced technology. Despite being young, millions of youth have impeccable and creative ideas that can come with great use. Hence, I agree to a large extent that young people are changing the world for the better.

# data[].attributes.body
Point: Youth are making the world a better place by not afraid to voice out what is wrong and fight for what is right.

Evidence: One such example is the young/teenage activist Malala Yousafzai from Pakistan, who fought for women rights to education through public speaking and broadcasting channels. She also established the Malala Fund to raise money for education in countries where education is banned for women.

Explanation: By raising awareness and challenging the ruling government's laws, Malala has empowered many girls around the world, especially in the less developed countries. delivered speeches at UN to world leaders, Despite her life-threatening injuries, she continues to inspire others to enact real change in education in their own countries, follow her footsteps and uphold values like bravery.

Link: Therefore, youths like Malala is courageous enough to take the risk to voice out the indecency of the society.

# data[].attributes.body
P: Youths stand up for the social issues that they believe in.

E: For example, Malala, a Pakistani activist for women’s rights, used her voice to fight for girls to go to school. She believed that, “girls (deserve) access to a free quality education.”

E: This tells us that youth are willing to stand up for what is right and combat discrimination against marginalised groups of people. Malala’s innovative ideas have given girls all over the world access to education, impacting the future generations to come.

E: Malala also has a foundation called the Malala Fund, which advocates for equal opportunities in education for girls all over the world, especially in Africa and the Middle East.

E: This tells us that even youths can spark a positive change in the world just by speaking up for what they believe in. Through her determination and hard work, she has made a huge change on the world. This shows that youth have the ability to impact the world positively.

L: Hence, young people advocate for the social causes they believe in.

# data[].attributes.body
Point: some youths  have advocated for and fought for causes they believe
EV:  for example Malala, she risked her life to fight for women’s right to education and freedom in the Middle East. Some of her hardships include, being a target of the taliban, getting shot in the head. However she still manage to graduate from oxford university and continue to spread awareness of the situation of middle eastern women
EX: this proves that she is courageous and resilient as she manage to persevere through her hardships despite her young age.
Link:thus this show that some youths have stood up for their own cause

# data[].attributes.body
Youths can serve their community and have a positive impact. Take Mikhail as an example, he was a part of the North West Youth Council in which he had the opportunity to volunteer in childcare centres. He also organised an esport tournament to give students a way to de-stress and bond with their peers and seniors. As seen from above, youths like Mikhail can inflict small changes to individuals in their community that can greatly improve their happiness. Therefore, the youths can have a positive impact through small actions.

# data[].attributes.body
Point: Young people have changed the world for the better by impacting the local community.
Ev: For example, Ahmad Mikhail Rauff organised a Call of Duty tournament in his school, in which they can intermingle and bond with one another, in hopes of lifting up the morale and spirits of his schoolmates. He managed to do so successfully despit the Covid-19 pandemic,
Ex: This shows that young people are aware of current problems around them, and they are always looking for innovative solutions. They are also perseverant when facing challenges.
Link:

# data[].attributes.body
P: Youths helped to impact the local community.
E: Mikhail, a ex student council president from Northbrooks Secondary School, during the circuit breaker month-long lockdown due to covid 19, had came up with ideas such as organising the Call Of Duty gaming competition to motivate students and allowing them to interact with one another keeping with safe-distancing measures.
E: This allowed students to strengthen the bond and unite the school between students despite the circumstances. He made an environment that also allowed students to relief their stress, lifting up their spirits.
L: Hence, this shows that youths can make a difference.

# data[].attributes.headline
Zenneth,Lim Wei Xiong, Sky, Rihanna, Giovana

# data[].attributes.subject
Zenneth,Lim Wei Xiong, Sky, Rihanna, Giovana

# data[].attributes.body
Youths are benefiting the world through their actions, one example is Malala’s actions. Malala ensured that girls who do not have the rights to have education received quality education. Another example is how she spread information about the issues that girls in countries where they do not receive fair treatment. These actions made people aware of their situation and make sure that they received fair treatment through donations to the ‘Malala Fund’.

# data[].attributes.body
P- Young people are making a good impact for the world by using their problem-solving skills.

Ev- An evidence for this is that our alumni, Mikhail Rauff, had organised a Call Of Duty gaming competition to raise the morale of his schoolmates. Due to the Covid 19 circuit breaker, students were not able to come to school and they were separated from their friends.

Ex- Through Mikhail’s actions , it suggests that Mikhail has problem solving and critical thinking skills, as Mikhail is solving the problem of the students where students from different levels lack communication between one another. He used his problem solving skills to benefit the students

L- Young people are benefiting the world from their problem-solving skills.

# data[].attributes.body
Point:Young people are changing the world by fighting for what they believe in.
Evidence:One of the most recognisable young people that are charging the world is Mala Hotpot.She is an activist who is raising awareness on the lack of equality for women and
Explanation:She is doing what she does to allow girls to have an opportunity at education in countries that do not treat women equally and do not provide education to them
Link:This shows that young people are improving the state of the world.

# data[].attributes.body
P: Young people have been changing the world for the better in terms of environmental rights.
eV: One example is Greta Thunberg, which is a young environmental activist, who addressed the need to fight climate change by protesting outside the Swedish parliament. Since her first act of protest, she has addressed the heads of the state at the United Nations, sparred with the President of the United States of America and inspired four million people to join her strike. After she spoke to Parliament and demonstrated with the British environmental group Extinction Rebellion, the United Kingdom passed a law requiring that the country eliminates its carbon footprint.
ex: This will lead to the country, that passed this law, to produce lesser toxic gases in to the atmosphere and hence the air will be more breathable and can better sustain wildlife and human population, making the world a better place to live in, also a world that future generations can take care of.
L: There are Young people who has fought for environmental activism and made real changes to climate change, which makes the world a better place.
strategy: be a bit more general in writing P and L .
The P needs to answer the question.

# data[].attributes.body
Counter agreement  argument:
People might say that the youths are not changing the world for the better but in fact changing the world for the worse, due to them being heavily technologically reliant , this makes the younger generations lazy and not contribute to the growth of the world and holding everyone back .
Rebuttal
However I beg to differ, youths today are not lazy but in fact very hard working ,
Evidence
take Malala Yousafzai, Greta thunderg and Emma Gonzalez as a example , these youth contribute to society through their work by promoting and spreading awareness about important issues such as girl’s education , climate change and gun violence respectively and have influenced and inspired many other youths to take action to fight these changes.

Elaboration
This shows that youths are very deligent, from putting many effort in spreading each social cause they support and spread awareness of it inorder to allow people around the world to know and understand the social injustice happening around us.

Evidence 2
Additionally youths are increasingly using social media and other technology to effect positive in their respective communities, for example GoFundMe and Kickstarter have empowered young entrepreneurs to create innovative and creative products and services inorder to improve the lives of others.
This suggests that despite youths being heavily reliant of technology they still manage to put in effort and be productive in influencing the People around them , showing that youths are diligent in their work and are very committed in supporting what they believe is right, these contributions all help society showing that youths are actually contributing to the growth of the world

Link
This youths are in fact changing the world for the better.

# data[].attributes.body
Counter-argument: Some may agree that all young people are wasting money mindlessly on useless things; such as on impulsive shopping, buying unnecessary items and more.

P: However, this is not true. In fact, most young people are using and spending their money valuably.

E: This is evident from how a teenage activist, Malala Yousafzai, has established a fund called ‘Malala Fund’. This is a charity dedicated to girls around the world to be given a chance to receive education and equality. The Malala fund is a non-profit organization and invests in girls' education programmes to help girls go to school.

E: From the example above, Malala has been spending her fund on girls around the world to go to school. She champions every girl’s right to years of  free, safe and quality education through the Malala Fund. By organising this fund, Malala is benefiting girls globally and supporting their ambitions. She is also impacting the world for the better as through this Malala fund, she also spreads words about equality and how we should stop gender discrimination.

L: Therefore, young people are wise in spending money.

# data[].attributes.body
CA : Some people may agree that youths are not changing the world for the better. In fact with the recent rise of technology, teenagers have been very dependent on devices and the internet.

R: However, youths nowadays are innovative and can often use technologies to produce a positive outcome. Take Mikhail for an example, he was the Northbrooks student council president in 2021. Mikhail held an e-game tournament shortly after the lockdown was over. He realised the school’s lack of school spirit and fondness. Thus, he proposed the event so that Brooksians were able to create new memories with their friends and bond with unfamiliar schoolmates. This event brought a huge positive impact on the school because many brooksians got to relax in school instead of always dreading to study. Mikhail did not only boost the school’s spirit but also gave back to the people he had serve by looking out for their needs. Thus, Mikhail is a great example of how youths today can utilise technologies to bring positive impact to the community or society.

# data[].attributes.body
Counterargument: Some may say that youths are not changing the world for the better, they may even say that youths are changing the world negatively instead. This is due to the fact that older generations feel as though youths are too dependent on technological devices, making them seem unproductive and lazy.
Rebuttal:

P) However, youths can change the world for the better and can use technology productively to make a positive impact.
Ev) This can be seen from the previous Northbrooks student council president from 2021, Mikhail. Mikhail hosted an e-game sports tournament for the school during the Covid-19 circuit breaker period. He also made sure to follow social distancing measures to make sure everyone is safe while lifting up their spirits at the same time.
Ev 2) This can also be seen from Greta Thunberg, a twenty year old environmental activist who used social media platforms to spread her concerns and thoughts about climate change. Using social media allowed her to be able to spread her voice to a larger group of people throughout the world to be able to listen to her thoughts on climate change.
Ex) This tells us that youths are determined to stand up for what is right and how their opinions can create a positive impact on the world. Greta and Mikhail show that youths can create a positive impact through creative ideas that can change the world.
L) Hence, youths can create a positive impact through the use of new cutting-edge technology.

# data[].attributes.body
C.) Some might say that the younger generation have simply not lived long enough to have the experience or wisdom to be able to change the world,
P.) however, as a result of that inexperience Youths of today can see the world from different perspectives, having different views which then lead to new creative solutions.
Ev+Ex.) Greta Thunberg is one such example, she advocated for climate change. The older generation still did not accept or simply did not care about the effects of climate change, however as a youth, Greta recognised that her generation would be the one to experience the wrath of global warming and she made her thoughts known to even the UN. This is also seen in Mikhail who was the student council president of Northbrooks secondary school during COVID times, he made the creative idea of a CODM tournament which was an event that encouraged interaction in the school while following COVID protocols.
L.) Younger people not experiencing most of the world yet gives them a  different lens to see the world in which helps them make innovative solution.

# data[].attributes.body
Counter-argument:
Some may say that the younger generations are too inexperienced to know what the world is like and are still too young to have any effects or changes on the world that the older generations have been walking on for years, that means that they older generations must know best right?

Point:
Well I disagree, the youths can see beyond the wall that the older generations have been staring at since their younger days, the youths know what is the problem of today's world like climate change and the restrictions of female education.

Evidence:
Take Greta Thunberg and Malala Yousafzai for an example, Greta Thunberg, at aged 15, started to protest outside parliament for more action against climate change and challenged UN world leaders at just 16 years old by giving a speech to take immediate action for climate change mitigation. When Malala gave her first speech at just 11 years old about the rights for females to have education in Pakistan and other countries, she got shot in the head at 15 years old by the Taliban for speaking up but still continued to hold speeches to fight for women's right to education after recovering.

Explanation:
These people started to change and influence others to do the right thing when they were just teenagers, they fight for what is right and what should be done to change the world into a better place for people to live in. The youths do not just stare at their phones all day but they learn from the media and come up with innovative solutions to modern problems that the older generations cannot really come up with, the older generations may have more experience and wisdom but the youths also learn and adapt to the problems that they may face in the future.

Link:
Therefore, I think that the younger generations have some strengths that the older generations lack, the younger people may see the world in a different perspective but this is not weakness to them or the world.

# data[].attributes.body
Some might say that the younger generations are slackers, who only sit behind their screens and complain about the issues in the world. However I disagree, through social media, the younger generations have made a massive uproar to make the governments of the world be held accountable for the issues in the world. Striving for a change, they think the best course of action is to head straight to the people on top and demand one. Although this is not a traditional way of bringing change, one can’t argue that it isn’t working. Using this method, they’ve brought education to girls in countries who are not allowed to have one, they’ve helped bring to light many large cooperations who underpay their workers and force children to work. This is evidence of the impact the younger generation has had on bringing a positive change to the world despite what others may think. Furthermore, through this, it shows that they aren’t like what older generations make them out to be. This shows that they word hard to achieve what they strive for as convincing governments isn’t an easy task. No matter what way you look at it, the proof is undeniable that younger generations aren’t slackers, but the people we need to bring about a positive impact is this ever changing world.

# data[].attributes.body
Counterargument: Some may claim that young people have bettered the world by utilising their technological skills to advocate for what they believe in.
Rebuttal (Point): However, many youths have actually done the opposite, in a sense that they have negatively impacted others with the help of online platforms.
Evidence: This is evident from 'cancel culture', in which people would encourage others to ostracise or put a specfic person under fire, popularised by teenagers on social media applications. On a youth dominated online platform, Tiktok, the hashtag '#cancelled' has amassed 2.9 billion views.
Explanation: This shows that the majority of young people have normalised morally wrong behaviour like cyberbullying, and even so participated in it themselves, or watched videos of it for their own amusement. These indicate their lack of thought for others' feelings and ignorance of the detrimental effects such as depression, anxiety and even suicidal ideation. Eventually, as the popularity of harassment and other harmful behaviour among young people rise, we may all live in a toxic and unethical society.
Link: Therefore, youth have negatively impacted the world by using technology to encourage bullying.

# data[].attributes.body
counter-arguement:
Due to their heavy reliance on technology, some may argue that youths are not improving the world; rather, they are making it worse. This is because they are lazy and do not add to the growth of the world, which holds everyone back.
POINT:
I differ, however, because young people today are able to see through the curtain that earlier generations have been staring at since they were children. Young people today are cognizant of issues such as the  the obstacles to female education.
EVIDENCE:
For example, A Pakistani girl named Malala spoke out against the Taliban's repressive rule and their prohibition on allowing females to attend school. The Taliban then shot her, but she lived and went on to become a well-known human rights and education campaigner around the world. She also graduated from oxford university.
Evidence:
When they were still teens, these individuals began to encourage others to act morally and fought for what is right and what must be done to make the world a better place for people to live. The younger generations don't just sit around gazing at their mobile devices throughout the day; they also read the news and develop creative solutions to contemporary issues that generations before them are unable to truly think of. The older generations may have greater life experience and knowledge, but the younger generations also pick up new skills and become accustomed to the challenges that they may face in the years to come.
Link:
As a result, I believe that the younger generations have some advantages that older generations do not have; the younger generation might view the world from a different point of view, nevertheless that is not a problem for them or the world.

# data[].attributes.body
C) some people may not believe that youths are able to change the world for the better as they are too young to do or understand anything and lack experiences so no one would be willing to listen to them.

P) however, I think that because youths don’t have much experiences, they can see the world differently. Thus having unique perspectives which means they can come up with more innovative solutions to issues that society are facing around the world today.

Ev+El) For example, Iqbal Masih who was a child activist in Pakistan. Iqbal was once a forced child labourer due to debt. But he managed to escape and became involved in demonstrations and meetings that fought against bonded child labour and campaigned against child labour and for the right for children to receive an education so that they can have a better future. He managed to help over 3000 children in Pakistan to escape forced child labour before he got shot in the head at the age of 12. This is one of the many evidence that youths have made and are still making contributions to benefit society and that they have the bravery and put in effort to fight for what is right. In addition, they also managed to influence others to help them create a positive impact to change the world into a better place.

L) Hence, i think that youths are able to create a better living environment for people all around the world with the actions that they take despite not having a lot of experience.

# data[].attributes.body
CA: Some people thinks that youth are not changing the world for the better because they are simply just in their own rooms gaming and being unproductive and lazy.
R: P: However, youths are already making significant changes to the world.
Ev: Some of my friends and other teenagers are participating in campaigns like cleaning the beaches so that the beaches will be filled with less waste. They also organised a recycling programme around the neighbourhood for us to recycle recyclable materials and produce other materials for other use using those recycled materials and this will result in wasting lesser resources.
Ex: This will benefit both wildlife and humans as wildlife will have lesser chance of mistaking waste as food on the beach and our future generation will not have to deal with dirty beaches left by us and it will make it easier for future generations to take care of the beaches. Since we waste lesser resources by recycling materials, future generations will have more resources left by us and they can make good use of it and continue to recycle items. Therefore, all these actions by youths today are changing the world for the better.

# data[].attributes.body
I WILL BE adding a digital form later cause, time? Oh, this CAR looks terrible again, again.
Some people might think that the younger generations are not acting towards a better future because all they do are leeching off the hard work of the older generations. However recent events show that youths are playing their own part in changing the world for the better. This can be seen from how some youths, teenagers, have been attempting to create new technologies and protesting for better human rights through the abolishment of slavery. This shows that young people try to help the world progress by removing the suffering of humans by the banning of slavery and implementing new technologies to better support the future of society. Hence youths are, indeed, improving the future instead of slacking off. (With revisions), 14 minutes 16 if you count the frantic writing down of words.
I will write another now.
Counter argument: Some people might say that the younger generation are not changing the world for the better. Rebuttal: If you look to the past, you will find that youths have already done a lot of things to benefit the world already in terms of innovations. Evidence: From minuscule inventions like a vending machine for first aid kits to a new ambitious project like the launching of space ships, you can see the things young people have done. Explanation/Elaboration: These things have helped people progress, you may refute these projects as a waste of time and money thinking about the amount of money that is put towards building a rocket and how you can use that money to help people. However these inventions have helped people, sending satellites to space links the world together with the internet, leads people to be able to spot dangers from afar like asteroids, and have even brought to the mainstream, the Velcro that is used today in many products like shoes. The value of what they are doing has too great of a value that it is priceless(persuasive is it not?). Link: Hence the younger generation are truly leading the world to a better state. 9 minutes. (No revisions)
I will be writing another. Nay, I give up. For today.

# data[].attributes.body
Counterargument:
Some people might say that the younger generations are not able to change the world due to their inexperience and lack of responsibility.
Point:
However, due to the inexperience, youths are able to see what problems there is.Thus, making them be straightforward and standing up for what they think is right.
Ev1+Ex1:
For example, Greta Thunberg is a Swedish environmental activist with autism who is known for challenging world leaders to take immediate action for climate change mitigation and is a global phenomenon who is inspiring young people to protest against climate change.
The older generations do not care for the environment, thinking that it is not their problem but Greta Thunberg thinks that this mindset is what makes climate change worse so she stands up for what she thinks is right.In order for world leaders to take action, she challenges them and protest everywhere while giving a speech about how climate change affects us.She alone, managed to make more people know how climate change is affecting the world while getting people to support her.Her actions have made people care more about climate change, making a difference.
Ev2+Ex2:
Another example is Jaylen Arnold, he is the founder and creator of Jaylens Challenge Foundation, Inc. He created the concept at the age of 8 after being bullied for having Tourette's Syndrome.Over the past 10 years, he has spoken to over 185,000 students across 20 states, sharing his experiences of bullying and encouraging his peers to practice tolerance, encourage self-worth and speak out.
Despite being a young child, he made changes to the world by making an app about bullying to encourage others that are being bullied to speak out.He shared about his bullying experience to encourage others that they ar not alone.By creating and speaking to others about bullying, he has let many people know how bullying is bad and let them learn to not do it.
Link:
Thus,I think that youths are able to change the world by impacting others to do the right thing and age is just a number.

# data[].attributes.body
Counter argument :
Some say that not all young people are contributing towards an positive change , and may be perpetuating negative trends or engaging in harmful behaviours.
Rebuttal:
However , it cannot be denied that many youths lack the resources or opportunities to make a significant impact , but it is not always the case as resources are not always required as sometimes it takes a young courages and brave soul to change the world for the better.
Ev+Ex
One example is Malala Yousafzai , a Pakistani activist for female education. Having been born in Mingora when the Taliban took control and banned females from receiving education . She began to speak out against the injustice and was subsequently targetted by the Taliban who shoot her in her head while she was on her way to school. After surviving the attack , she went on and continued her work and received various awards. This shows how young people are fearless and courages , thus if channeled correctly could contribute heavily towards changing the world for the better.
Link:
Therefore i believe that the youth are altering the world positively by being fearless and standing up for what’s right.

# data[].attributes.body
CA.) While it is true that the younger generation lack the experience , skills like, courage, resilience and adaptability, and a tough mindset than those who are older as many  grew up around technology and privileges. Some might also say that the younger generations are too pampered.

R.) This is true to some, however we should also give credit  it and recognition to those who are not pampered, who are resilient,courageous and really made an impact to society.

Ev+Ex 1) We could always take Malala as an example. Malala is a women from Pakistan who fought for women’s right to education and freedom through public speaking and broadcasting channels even after being targeted by the government.The reason she is seen as an inspiration and as a hero all around the world is because during the time Malala was still in Pakistan, it was ruled by the taliban. The Taliban enforce harsh laws against the women in Pakistan. The fact that Malala was the only one who challenged their ruling law tells me many things. One of them is that Malala is extremely brave as she was the only one standing up for a causes. Another one is that she is extremely determined to make a difference as she still continued to gave public speeches even after getting targeted by the taliban

L.) These are not the only change or action the younger generation are doing. There is probably many other positive actions the younger generation have done for us but it was not broadcasted or made famous. Thus i feel that we should give credit to those who are really making a positive impact to society

# data[].attributes.body
Counter agreement:
Some might say that the youths of today are changing the world for the worse, due to them being lazy, which not only doesn't contribute to the growth of the world and society, but also damages it.

Rebuttal:
However, I would like to beg to differ. There are multiple examples where youth have done good to society. Showing their hard work and dedication towards the cause of making the world a better place.

Evidence 1:
A great example is Greta Thunberg, who skipped school in August 20, 2018, to protest for more action against climate change in front of the parliament building of Sweden at Stockholm. Just a note, she was only fifteen years of age back then during her first protest. Till now she still continues on with her legacy, fighting for a better and greener future for our generation, who would be affected the most by climate change.

Evidence 2:
Another great example would be Malala Yousafzai, who is a Pakistani women's rights activist who followed her fathers footsteps. Her village however, was occupied by the Taliban, who were an extremist group who overthrew the government in Afghanistan. The Taliban also implanted new laws that removed the basic rights like studying from women. However this did not stop Malala, who gave empowering speeches in Afghanistan, which empowered more women to despise the new government. However, on 9 October 2012, Malala was on the way back from school. A masked shooter suddenly came on her bus and shot her in the head. Luckily, she managed to survive this incident, with her managing to flea Afghanistan towards the United Kingdom, where she made a full recovery. She continued on with her speeches in the UK, which resulted in her claiming her Nobel prize in 2014 when she was 17. She begun her studies at Harvard university in 2018 and graduated in 2020. Till now she still continues on with her legacy, fighting for woman's rights.

Explanation:
This shows the diligence and determination of the younger generation, who are more willing than the older generation to fight for their future. The youths of today could never do more harm than what the generation before them has caused. They spread awareness of the situation and call for change in society's ways. The use of technology makes the spread of awareness of the problem. We shouldn't go against what they stand for but instead embrace the solutions they provide.

Link:
Thus, I think that the youths of today are diligent, hard working and strong minded people who are ready to fight for the future.

# data[].attributes.body
Counter-argument: Some might argue that youths nowadays are over-reliant on technology and lack experience in many facets of life, and hence cannot create any positive impact on the world.

Rebuttal: In this digital age, the prevalence of social media and the Internet has made information and soft skills like communication, netiquette and empathy easily accessible. With this, youths are able to think outside the box and offer innovative solutions to problems, enabling them to enact change.

Evidence: One such instance is the Student Council President of Northbrooks, Mikhail. During the Circuit Breaker period in April 2020, Mikhail organised an e-sport tournament, that was well-received with a lot of participants, while abiding by the social distancing measures. He promoted the event through social media, and learnt about planning ideas online. Another example is youths rallying to protest for climate action. One such example is Greta Thunburg.

Explanation: This shows that youth are able to persevere through times of adversity and think outside the box to come up with creative ideas. Mikhail and Greta are testaments to how youth nowadays can spark positive change to the world, even if they start by impacting the people around them. The event that Mikhail planned gave the students of his school an opportunity to interact and make friends in a time of uncertainty.

Link: Hence, youth are able to come up with innovative ideas to puzzling situations, allowing them to make a positive change.

# data[].attributes.body
counter argument: Some might argue that youths are not changing the world for the better. Most youths might be very addicted to technology which makes them more lazy. Spending the whole day using their phones are not helping to change the world for the better.

rebuttal (P): However, technology can allow them to change the world for the better.

E: Youths uses technology like TikTok, seeing other people showing off their talents. Many people have talents but do not showcase their talent which goes to waste. Youths are trying to make people more comfortable on technology so that they can showcase their talent without having to do it on the streets, under the sun.

E: Technology might be addictive but youths are making use of their time by creating new dances, singing. Hobbies can be shown on the internet so that people feel more happy after receiving positive comments. They can feel more motivated and people can employ them which can allow them to have more jobs for them to choose from.

E: Youths are using technology so often that they are able to learn a new skill. Such as communicating, programming. These skills can be used in technology which can be useful in their everyday life. By communicating online can allow people to have more experience talking to others online and can feel more comfortable in real life.

E: Many people uses technology in their everyday life and it is important to know how to communicate as it is a very natural thing for people to do. Programming can allow people to create more new things and allow them to have more creativity in the future.

L: Hence, youths are making use of technology to improve the quality so that people can access it more easily.

# data[].attributes.body
Counter:Some people might say that the younger generations are not helpful and lazy.
Rebuttal:I disagree as many youths are helping others to improve people’s lives.
Evidence:One such example is Malala Yousafzai.She is a youth activist who fights for women’s rights by helping them to get education and a fair treatment from everybody.She publicly raise awareness on the hardships women and girls face.She even created the Malala funds to give girls the chance to get a future they want and have the right to learn.
Explanation:This shows that youths like Malala are changing people’s life positively in a big way and help the theorugh their hardships.They are also seen to be more proactive to help others to get the right of fair treatment from others.
Link:Hence,the younger generations are changing the world positively with their proactive efforts and helpfulness.

# data[].attributes.body
Counterargument: Some might think that youths are not proactive enough to change the world for the better as they do not have resources to do so.
Rebuttal: However this is rather far from the truth as youths are much more proactive then you may think. They are much more hardworking and are willing to do anything for what they think is right.
Evidence:  Take Malala for instance, she was only a teenager when she started fighting for women's rights to education and fair treatment as the Taliban ban women from getting an education. Malala firmly believes that everyone is equal  and everyone should have the right to education so that everyone can be future ready. In doing so she risked her life and was shot in the head and survived.
Explanation: This proves that the youths are willing to do what it takes to make things right as they want everybody to have a good future
Link: thus the youths are more hardworking than people thought.

# data[].attributes.body
Counter-argument: Some might think that youths only think about themselves and do not contribute to the world.

Rebuttal: However, I beg to differ. Many youths put others before themselves and readily self-reflect to volunteer to care for the community, making the world a better place.

Ev1: One such example is Northbrooks Secondary School’s former student council president, Mikhail. Despite having to juggle his academics and other commitments during his presidency, he still made time to give back to the society through serving the Youth Assembly North West Community Development Council by volunteering at childcare centres and elderly homes.

Ex1: This decision could have potentially affect his studies, but Mikhail still tried his best to help the community through his selfless acts, positively impacting others.

Ev2: Another prominent example is Greta Thunberg, a young Swedish environmental activist. She is known for challenging world leaders regarding the topic of climate change mitigation, and has delivered many inspiring speeches at world platforms such as the United Nations.

Ex2: Although she has faced many criticisms, she continued with determination to protest for environmental actions, giving her best to united the people around the world to improve the environment.

L: Therefore, youths are contributing selflessly to the society and changing the world for the better.

# data[].attributes.body
C: Some might argue that youths are self Centered, selfish and only care about themselves as due to the youths of today being more privileged and not having to do many tough things or jobs this can lead them to being more arrogant and take more things for granted

R: however I disagree as what is said is the total opposites to how youths are as there are many youths trying to change the world for the better in every way possible regardless of the different problems they try their best to find a solution for it

P: To go with that point many youths do make major differences to the world and they are good changes

E: One example of a youth that has made great change and impact on the world is Greta thunberg, she is an environmentalist who worked very hard to fight for our earth and help solve the terrible issue of global warming she used her platform to spread awareness along with give us insights and ways to overcome this issue dispite there being many hardships she never gave up and persevered.

E: more over she didn’t have to care or do anything to help improve this issue but she cares for our the earths and our wellbeing and she knew that if no one did anything we would be in big trouble, even though she was just a young girl she still tried to make a difference and in the end made some significant improvements to help with the problem of global warming, along with that encouraged people to speak up more about this issue.

L: thus youths are making great changes to our world

# data[].attributes.body
Counter-Argument: Some people think that youths are inexperienced and naive about the world’s issues since they do not have the same wisdom and knowledge the older  generations have on the world’s issues.
Rebuttal: However, this lack of experience allows youths to have a new and unique respective and worldview as compared to their elders and see the full picture.
Evidence 1: One example is Greta Thunberg, a youth climate-change activist, who challenged world leaders for their lack of action to mitigate climate change as the older generations refused to believe that climate change was real or downplayed its effect on the world for decades.
Evidence 2: Another example is Malala Yousafzai who is a youth women's’ rights activist. She grew up in Pakistan and was banned from education by the Taliban along with her female peers. Her first-hand experience of being banned from school gave the passion to give speeches about the women’s right to education, and start a non-profit organisation called Malala Fund to give those unable to study an opportunity to learn.
Explanation: As seen from these youth activists, youths have the capability to stand up for what they believe is right despite their lack of experience with global issues, they use it to their advantage to have an open-mined viewpoint while tackling issues. Youths may also be able to see the real issue at hand and address it directly instead of being ignorant.
Link: Therefore, youths are able to see reality through an open-mined viewpoint and fight for issues head on.

# data[].attributes.body
Counterargument:
Some might say that young people today do not have what it takes to make a positive impact for the world. This might be due to technology that has greatly advanced over the years and have negatively affected youth in numerous ways that have caused them to end up lazy and unmotivated in life.
Rebuttal:
However, I strongly disagree to this perspective towards youth. Though technology has affected youth negatively, it has also spread awareness to youth on real-life situations that are presently occurring in the world that have lead to them taking steps to resolve these problems.
Ev:
This is evident as seen from teenager Malala, who was a young activist who sought for equality and education for girls. Malala established a charity fund which was called 'Malala fund' which raised money dedicated to girls everywhere to be given a chance to receive the basic need of education. Malala also wrote diary entries that talked about how Taliban refused to give girls education and caused fear amongst her hometown.
Ex:
From the example above, Malala did not give up and continued fighting for what she knew was right until her voice grew louder and louder and also came up with solutions such as her charity, 'Malala fund' . From this, we can learn that youth use their problem-solving skills and have the perseverance and determination by fighting for what they think is right for them and the world.
Link:
Hence, I definitely do not agree that youth have not changed the world for the better.

# data[].attributes.body
Counter-argument: Some people may say that young people are not changing the world for the better, but for the worst. This is because the world has change too quickly and technology are developing and so, young people are too mindlessly depending on technology which causes them to be lazy and unproductive.
Point: However young people these days are productive by  making use of technology to change the world for the better.
Evidence: This is evident where during the circuit breaker, Ahmad Mikhail Rauff, who was the president of student council in Northbrooks Secondary School in the year 2021, organised a Call Of Duty(COD) school e-game tournament with safety measure taken in place. Additionally, young people also use technology by advertising online to promote and influence others positively such as saving the world.
Explanation: This suggest that young people are innovative and trying to think of new ideas when they face challenges so as to help the people around them to continue to have a positive mindset, pull them together and improve their lives through the use of different technology.
Link: Therefore, young people are not lazy due to improved technology but smartly using the technology to change the world for the better.

# data[].attributes.body
Counterargument: Some people would say that youths are are not changing the world for the better but are changing it for the worse. The fact that their minds are always on electronic devices which makes them really dependable on them, this also makes them more lazy and not contributing better to the society.

Rebuttal

P: However, this is not how it works nowadays. Youths now are not lazy but in fact they are respectful towards everyones opinions.

Ev 1: Take Malala Yousafzai for example, a Pakistani girl who helped fight for girls education when she was at the age of 11. She had influenced many and encouraged them to follow her footsteps to take action in fighting these changes.

Ex 1: This shows that youths are determined in doing what they want best for everyone. They would spread the rumours about the negative impacts on the majority and getting support from the public to change these point of views in people who have difficulties solving them.

Ev 2: Another example is that youths nowadays are on their phones that could be gaming or social media, but their not using it to pass time. In fact, their finding ways to solve problems being personal or helping other people that can be their friends or anyone else.

Ex 2: This makes them have a feeling of knowing how to be independent before getting taught the basics from people. When learning how to solve their own problems they can then teach their friends how to solve the same problems that they might face as well. This way, spreading ways to solve your own problems can lead to people getting interested in your ways of critical thinking and personality.

L: Therefore, young people are in fact changing the world for the better.

# data[].attributes.body
Counter-argument: Some might say that young people are not changing the world for the better, but making it worst . This is because young people rely too much on technology, lack of experiences.
Rebuttal: However, I think that Young people are changing the world for that better. Through innovation, young people have great potential to generate solutions to solved problems and making positive changes.
Ev: One such example is Mikhail, an student council president of Northbrooks secondary school in 2021. During circuit breaker, school was lacking of school spirit due to the measurements of COVID-19. Mikhail organised Call Of Duty, e-sports tournament, in school for students and teachers to participate while abiding to the COVID-19 measurements.
Ex: This show that young people are innovative and have great potential to generate creative solution when encounter challenges. Mikhail manage to find solutions to let students and teachers to bond and have fun despite the disruption of COVID-19.
L: Therefore, young people have potential to generate innovative solutions when encounter problems, this allowing them to a make positive change.

# data[].attributes.body
Point: often , people believe ," youths are unnecessarily butting into social issues and causing more trouble "
Rebuttal: however I would like to differ , youths are indeed very nosy , however , this could instead be something important . Youths use this bout of curiosity to drive them and motivate them . This drive in turn makes them want to work even harder than even certain elders to want to make a positive difference and be innovative.
Example 1 and explanation: Malala yousafzai , a youth innovative fighting for Women's right and education , has been a prime target of the Pakistani president for a long time. Indeed , she has been rebelling against the government  , however ,  she is doing all of this for the good of women and those who are underprivileged without education. She has risked her life and had been shot in the head once , this enough is scary even for adults , yet , she still fights for women's right with an unrelentless drive . It's because she had believed and set that mentality . She didn't let this setback her progress and bounced back . To this dat Malala still helps with the rebellion against the government's unrighteous treatment of women.
Example 2 and explanation: another more local example is Mikhail. In times of dire situation, most people stay silent and relationships start to drift. It was the same , when the COVID circuit breaker first happened. Many students had experienced much change to their personal life and due to an insanely large amount of stress and tension and started to be unable to focus in school . Mikhail with his responsibility as a counsellor president , too had a lot of responsibility on his shoulders , yet he said , " nay , I should not let this situation divide the student populous " he thought of ways to go around the situation and ensured safety all the while , planning events to host and conduct . He started online competitions for games and , in the end ,  managed to unite the school and boost students morale. It's because of revolutionary youths such as Mikhail that has the world been so blessed as we are now .
Link: thus I believe youths are the stepping stones to making big impacts in the world and instead are spreading positive influence throughout the world .

# data[].attributes.body
Counter-argument: People say that Youths are changing the world for the worse, as Youths rely heavily on technology and elders for guidance and are often called lazy.
Point:However,Youths can be self-reliant and proactive.
Evidence: One such example is Mikhail from Northbrooks which showcases him getting a L1R5 score of 7, and how he volunteers outside of school in Community Centres to help the people.
Explanation: This shows me that Youths can be very proactive in order to help others when they are in need, and also very reliable in order to face challenges like exams and score well.
Link : Hence, Youths can be self-reliant and proactive.

# data[].attributes.body
CA:
Some might argue that young people are not changing the world for the better because their lazy due to technology being more advanced so youths do not need to work hard and are not self reliant.

Rebuttal:
But i have to disagree as i think that youths of today are making the world a better place because there are many young people trying to change the world no matter how ore what they are doing for the world as they are trying their best.

Ev:
An example of a youth that is having a great positive impact towards the world is MR BEAST, as he is an social media influencer on platforms like YouTube, TikTok and Instagram doing great positive actions to benefit the world such as team trees which he organised a team to plant 1 tree for every dollar donated through an online link that had a goal of 20million dollars which has successfully been completed. This helped with the problem of deforestation that helps with global warming which improves the state of the world.

Ex:
This shows that young people can benefit the world as instead of using the money for himself, he would rather use it to change the world for the better and not be selfish as he knew if no one was gonna do something about global warming our world would be in trouble but he chose to do something about it since no one was doing anything, even though he is just one person, he could still find solution to benefit our world for the better.

Link:
Therefore, young people like MR BEAST are making positive changes to benefit the world for the better.

# data[].attributes.body
Counter: Some might say that “Youths should stop contributing to the bad part of the world.”  Youths this generation are lazy, which cause them not to help the world but just seat back and watch as the world gets even more corrupted.

Rebuttal: However, youths can change the world for the better by removing the corruptions and negativity.

Evidence & Explanation 1: Lets all take Malala Yousafzai for example. She is a youth from Pakistan fighting for women rights in Middle East. She gave speeches, started a donation website “Malala Fund”, by doing all these Malala did step out of her comfort zone risking her life to do all these to change the world. She saw how the women in Middle East is illy treated but she did not seat back and do nothing but sound this issue to their world.

Evidence 2: Greta Thunberg also a young activist from Sweden who wants to prevent anything that contributes to Global Warming. She protests, give speeches to the international presidents, doing what ever she can just to make this world a better place to live in. Before her sound out this issue of global warming, no one knew what global warming was, and things that  contributes to it will keep happening. Youths like them did do a little of something to change the world through social media, young influencers influenced others spreading all these positivities to make the world a more enjoyable place. To sum up everything, youth did do something be it spreading issues through social media, playing their part, all these can positively change the world.

# data[].attributes.body
Counter Arguement: Some may not agree that young people are changing the world as majority of them only saw them as lazy and hopeless as most of them are manipulated by what the others think.
Rebuttal: however, some of them are the opposite way of what the elders think. Some are trying and working tirelessly to make the world a better place.
Evidence: For example,Meeraa Ramakrishnan,17 years old, Clean Water Evangelist who helped children and families who cannot afford access to clean water and hygiene solutions. Another example is ,Frane Marusic, Entrepreneurship Coach and his nonprofit Go-Getters recruits “ambassadors,” which means young people who assist teen entrepreneurs within their communities to become leaders and achieve success.
Evidence: This shows that there is hope within this world whether in terms of helping those in need or helping those to thrive and succeed. This also shows that young people are also working hard like the older generations as they learnt from them and not all of them are slacking or hopeless which are normally seen in teenagers.
Link: hence, young people are changing and impacting the world in a positive way.

# data[].attributes.body
(Counter-argument) Some people might say that young people are just sitting at the comfort of their own home, gaming and staring at their phones screen, enjoying out of their parents money and are not doing anything to impact or change the world for the better.

(Point) However, due to the technological advancement that young people have which makes them more open and aware of the real and current situation that is happening in the world such as female rights of education.

(Evidence) This can be seen from an example of a person called Malala Yousafzai who is an activist fighting for female rights, specifically education and fair treatment to study in areas controlled by the Taliban. This is because the Taliban had destroyed some 400 schools whereby also the Taliban restrict females to go to school. Malala voiced out her speech through news platforms which are then broadcasted through tv networks, social media and many more. With this, people around the world are more aware of this and are also supporting Malala to fight for female education rights.

(Explanation) This just show that young people are able to create a positive impact for the world as female rights are being voiced out for and are making many people in the world aware of this issue that is happening.  This shows that young people are not necessarily wasting their time when "staring" at their phone screens but instead, they can read about the current issue like female education rights which are easily accessible in social media platforms where many young people can access and read.

(Link) Hence, young people can and are impacting and changing the world for the better.

# data[].attributes.body
Seeing the social causes and existing global problems may have empowered and led youths to have the desire to solve these problems. Youths are making a positive impact on the world. What are you waiting for? Let youths create greater positive impacts and contribute to the growth of the world!

# data[].attributes.body
In conclusion, youth are positively impacting the world because they are empathetic, responsible and forward-looking. They better the world by helping to tackle current problems around the globe. What else do you think youth can do to change the world for the better?

# data[].attributes.body
paraphrased thesis statement: Therefore, youths are able to impact the world positively despite their age.
summarise reasons: Youths are able to voice out and fight for what is right. They are open minded and forward looking allowing them to change the world into a better place.
Kicker: Imagine if you were youth, would you be brave enough to voice out your opinions like other youths?

# data[].attributes.body
All in all, youths are impacting the world positively. They are able to do so by courageously voicing out for justice, creating innovative solutions to tackle world issues, and contributing to the society selflessly. Hence, let us continue to support youths as they change the world for the better!

# data[].attributes.body
In conclusion, youths can influence others into enacting change and improve the world

# data[].attributes.body
Young people can make the world a better place by fighting for the causes they believe in, by impacting the local community by volunteering and by having an open mind to come up with innovative ways to solve the problem. NExt time wonder if there are things you could drop to impact they world

# data[].attributes.body
I can conclude from this that youths have a positive impact on the world.This

# data[].attributes.body
In conclusion, the younger generation are positively impacting the world. They are able to enact change because they are open-minded and forward-thinking, innovative and out-of-the-box thinkers and are brave in standing up for what they believe in. Rethink the next time you doubt the efforts put in by the youth. They might change the world!

# data[].attributes.body
In conclusion, the younger generation are positively impacting the world. They are able to enact change because they are open-minded and forward-thinking, innovative and out-of-the-box thinkers and are brave in standing up for what they believe in. Rethink the next time you doubt the efforts put in by the youth. They might change the world!

# data[].attributes.body
Some people might argue that youths are not changing the world as they are inexperience, young and ignorant
however, many youths have proven themselves that they are able able to make a difference and change the world. For example, Malala yousafzai. She is a education activist who made a difference in the education system in pakistan by spreading awareness of the importance of education that females also deserve. She is an inspiration that made education possible for females too, improving the lives of the females around the world. Hence, youths are capable of changing the world for the better.