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He was the first scientist to isolate nucleic acids. He experimented on a molecule from a cell nucleus, nuclein. He found out that it was made from hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous and there was a unique ratio of phosphorous to nitrogen.
“Concept 15 DNA and Proteins Are Key Molecules of the Cell Nucleus.” Friedrich Miescher :: DNA from the Beginning, http://www.dnaftb.org/15/bio.html.

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He was the first to come up with the “transforming principle’ which led to the discovery of DNA being a carrier of genetic material. He conducted an experiment involving 2 strains of the bacterium streptococcus pneumoniae. One of these strains was lethal to mice and oe was harmless. He found that mice that were given the heat-killed virulent or the living avirulent remained healthy while mice given a mixture of both died.
Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2023, January 1). Frederick Griffith. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 5, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Griffith

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He discovered that the ratios of Adenine to Thymine and cytosine to Guanine are equal in DNA. This is found in the final DNA structure.
“Erwin Chargaff, 1950 :: CSHL DNA Learning Center.” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory DNA Learning Center, https://dnalc.cshl.edu/view/16012-Erwin-Chargaff-1950.html#:~:text=Erwin%20Chargaff%20found%20that%20in,in%20the%20final%20DNA%20structure.

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He experimented with bacteria in 1944, he was the first man to reveal the “transforming principle”. This led to the discovery that DNA is the carrier of genetic information. He proved building on Griffith's work, that confirm DNA is the genetic material responsible for the transfer of traits.
Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Oswald Avery. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 5, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oswald-Avery

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Pauling is best known for his work on the nature of the chemical bond. He has also made other discoveries like, the cause of sickle cell anemia, developed an accurate oxygen meter for submarines, created synthetic plasma. and determined the structure proteins.
Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/linus-pauling-a-lifetime-of-science-6539763/.

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She discovered that the structure of DNA was in a double helix form. He studied nulceic acids and proteins via x-ray imaging.
Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/maurice-wilkins-behind-the-scenes-of-dna-6540179/#:~:text=Wilkins%20began%20studying%20nucleic%20acids,ray%20crystallography%2C%20joined%20the%20unit.

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They discovered that genes were made from DNA. They performed their experiments on bacteria infecting viruses called bacteriophages. They identified that when phages infect bacteria, they attach themselves to the outside of the bacterium and then replicate inside the cell.
Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/maurice-wilkins-behind-the-scenes-of-dna-6540179/#:~:text=Wilkins%20began%20studying%20nucleic%20acids,ray%20crystallography%2C%20joined%20the%20unit.

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He was best known for the discovery of the molecular structure of DNA which is a double helix in 1953. From 1947-1950, she worked at a State Chemical Laboratory in Paris using X-Ray diffraction technology.
“Rosalind Franklin.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rosalind-Franklin.

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They discovered that the structure was a double helix or A twisted ladder which helped to advance modern biology.
“The Discovery of The Double Helix, 1951-1953 | Francis Crick - Profiles in Science.” U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/sc/feature/doublehelix.