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skin check scene

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forced removal scene

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Stills and plot summary of Rabbit Proof Fence

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E 9c Rabbit Proof Fence Movie Stills and Summary

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The 2002 movie Rabbit-Proof Fence tells the story of three Australian Aboriginal girls and their escape from Moore River Settlement, a camp where many mixed-race children were sent as part of the Stolen Generations.

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The rabbit-proof fence was set up in the early 20th century to keep rabbits and other pests out of Western Australia. The No.1 fence ran from coast to coast (more than 1,800 km) and at the time was the longest fence in the world.

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like?

diverse and various, both indoors and outdoors

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

it includes arresting suspects, interviewing suspected criminals, investigate crime, respond to calls, testifies in court, conduct (durchführen) initial investigations, conducting preliminary investigations, controlling traffic, crime prevention

How many hours do you typically work?

40 hour week

What is your salary like?

40.000 € to 75.000 € but that depends on how much working experience you have

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

1. Knowledge

2. Practical skills

3. Team Working skills

4. Interpersonal skills

5. Communication skills

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

you must have at least a high school diploma or GED

you need to be at least 18 or 21 years old

you must have a valid driver's license (Führerschein)

you must pass a criminal background check

you must also be physically fit and able to pass a physical and medical exam

it requires sound mental health

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

Policing is a vast and varied career choice and you can also apply to work in a huge variety of roles and specialist units, including:

Community policing (e.g. neighbourhood policing)

Investigation (e.g. detectives)

Intelligence (e.g. covert operatives (verdeckte Ermittlung))

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job?

relationships - strong

Job satisfaction - high

you are always active in some way

Why should young people get into your job?

to save lives

to make communities safer

to help others make better life choices

to do new things every day

What are the downsides to your job?

sometimes being away from your family for holidays

people insulting you for doing your job

If you could change one thing, what would it be?

improving the reputation of the police

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also See TB p. 64 'Across Cultures' box

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Introduction
Aboriginal peoples were the first people to live in Australia. Together with the Torres Strait Islander peoples, they are known as Indigenous Australians. The ancestors of today's Aboriginal peoples came to Australia from Asia tens of thousands of years ago, making theirs one of the oldest living civilizations in the world. When Europeans began settling Australia in 1788, Aboriginal peoples occupied the entire continent. They had adapted successfully to a large range of environments, from tropical rainforests to arid deserts, and developed close connections to their traditional territories. Respect for the land and all living creatures remains fundamental to Aboriginal culture today.

Origins and Beliefs
Scientists believe that the ancestors of the Aboriginal peoples canoed to Australia from Southeast Asia at least 50,000 years ago. At that time, sea levels were lower and land bridges connected Asia and Australia. Some of the people traveled over water in the earliest known use of seafaring in the world. By about 35,000 years ago all of the continent was occupied.

The Aboriginal peoples themselves, however, have their own stories about how they came to be. These creation stories are part of the Dreaming, or Dreamtime. Dreaming stories explain the Aboriginal peoples' understanding of how the world and all living things were created by ancestral (spirit) beings who continue to watch over and protect the land. Because of this spiritual connection, Aboriginal peoples feel a deep responsibility to care for the environment and use natural resources wisely. ( See also Indigenous Australians and the environment.)

Totemism is an important part of the Dreaming. Totemism is a system of belief in which people are said to have kinship or a mystical relationship with a certain object, such as an animal, plant, or mineral. The object, called a totem, is thought to interact with a family group or an individual and serves as their emblem or symbol. Aboriginal peoples have more elaborate totemic beliefs than any other peoples. Totemism reflects their belief that humans are a part of nature and links them to both the things of nature and the all-powerful spirit beings. It places humans within the Dreaming, providing them with a life-sustaining identity stretching from the beginning of time to the present and into the future.

Traditional Culture
At the time the first British settlers arrived in 1788, there were about 600 different Aboriginal groups across Australia. They each spoke their own dialect of one of the more than 200 Aboriginal languages. Many Aboriginal people spoke two or more languages and could communicate with other groups.

Aboriginal peoples lived in extended-family groups known as clans. Each clan had a strong cultural and spiritual connection to its particular territory, or Country. The territories were divided by geographic boundaries such as rivers, lakes, and mountains. Each group developed different skills to adapt to the environment of its Country. A clan's traditional homeland, as a source of food, shelter, medicine, and tools, was central to the survival and well-being of the group. The members of a clan passed down knowledge about their Country through oral storytelling. Each generation learned about the landscape and surrounding ecosystem-for example, the location of water holes and the effects of the seasons on plants and animals-through stories told by the elders.

Aboriginal peoples were traditionally hunters and gatherers. They moved from place to place within their Country as needed to ensure a steady food supply. Groups who lived close to water and abundant food sources moved less often than people who lived in deserts or other places where water and food were scarce. The groups in more fertile areas set up camps near a river or creek and went out into the surrounding bush to collect food. They might stay in a camp for months at a time, and they returned to the same camps at certain times each year. In the desert, Aboriginal peoples moved in small family groups from water hole to water hole, rarely establishing base camps.

The shelters built by Aboriginal peoples varied depending on their lifestyle, the weather, and the materials available in their Country. Dome-shaped houses were built throughout the continent. In the north, people commonly built a frame using saplings and covered it with sheets of bark. In the rainforests of northern Queensland, people used palm leaves or grass to cover a frame made from cane. During the rainy season, people used caves and huts on stilts as protection against flooding and insects. Aboriginal peoples of the deserts made dome shelters covered with spinifex grass. They also used windbreaks-simpler shelters consisting of branches covered with brush or grass. In a few places, including the Australian Alps, Aboriginal peoples built stone houses. The most famous examples of Aboriginal stone architecture were constructed in the Lake Condah region of southwestern Victoria. There the Gunditjmara people used stone to build huts as well as traps for catching eels in the lake.

During fine weather, most Aboriginal people slept in the open with a windbreak. When it was cold, they slept close to their dogs to keep warm. Fires were kept burning, and people carried live firesticks while moving from one place to another or even when hunting.

Food and Economy
The hunting and gathering activities of Aboriginal groups were divided between men and women. In general, men hunted large animals such as kangaroos, emus, and reptiles. Women hunted smaller animals, such as lizards, and collected honey, insects, eggs, fruits, nuts, and other plant foods. Groups living near water fished and gathered shellfish. In most of Australia, women provided the major proportion of a group's food-estimated at 60 to 80 percent, depending on area and season.

It was long believed that Aboriginal peoples were strictly hunters and gatherers. It is now known, however, that they had methods for managing the land. Aboriginal peoples practiced a form of agriculture called firestick farming, in which they burned parts of the bush to clear brush and allow edible plants to grow in its place. These controlled burns encouraged the growth of different kinds of plants in different places throughout the year, ensuring a steady food supply. Firestick farming also aided hunting by providing fresh vegetation that attracted animals and drew them out into the open. The eel traps at Lake Condah, along with similar stone fish traps at Brewarrina on the Barwon River in western New South Wales, are evidence that some Aboriginal peoples practiced a form of aquaculture. These traps consisted of stone walls arranged to create pools for capturing and holding fish.

Exchange and trade were important elements of Aboriginal economies. Trade routes connected peoples across the continent. Common trade items included boomerangs, spears, grinding stones, seashells, and ochre for painting.

Because Aboriginal peoples moved about as needed to take advantage of different food sources, they did not accumulate a lot of material objects. Most of the items they carried from place to place were tools that were essential for maintaining their way of life. Men carried spears and spear throwers and, in some areas, boomerangs. These were used for hunting and fighting; spears were also used for fishing. Women had digging sticks for gathering food, and these also doubled as weapons. Large, deep wooden dishes held seeds, vegetables, water-or even babies. In some areas painted bark baskets or bags woven from plant materials served the same purposes. Implements included a large selection of stone tools, wedges, bone needles, and sharkskin files. Some groups had bark canoes and rafts and dugout log canoes, some with sails made from leaves of the palmlike pandanus tree.

Traditional Aboriginal art, music, and dance are closely linked with spiritual life and nature. Sacred ceremonies featured dramatic performances with complicated dance movements. Aboriginal peoples performed and shared songs and dances for entertainment and relaxation at large social gatherings called corroborees. Instrumental music in the north was provided by the didjeridu (a wind instrument) and clapping sticks. In southern and central regions boomerangs or clubs were rhythmically beaten together or pounded on the ground.

When first encountered by Europeans, Aboriginal peoples did not have written languages. Their songs, chants, legends, and stories, however, made up a rich oral literature. In addition to sacred stories of the Dreaming, there were ordinary stories and tales, either historically true or believed to be true. Some existed in several versions, depending on the situation in which they were told and the background of the storyteller.

Each cultural area had its own style of art. The form of sacred art known as tjurunga was made by many Aboriginal peoples in central, southern, and western Australia, though it was centered in the territory of the Aranda. Tjurunga consisted of flat stones or wooden boards engraved with patterns representing spirit beings. Peoples in central Australia used feathers, blood, and ochre for body decoration and elaborate headdresses worn for ceremonies. The rangga, or ceremonial poles, of Arnhem Land in northern Australia bore ochre designs and long pendants of feathered twine. Paintings in ochre on sheets of bark originated in Arnhem Land, though they were also made in southeastern Australia and the Kimberley region of the northwest. Aboriginal cave and rock paintings and engravings, some dating back more than 20,000 years, have been found across Australia.

Social Organization
Most Aboriginal peoples had no chiefs or other strong social or political leaders. There were no social classes, but men typically held higher status than women, especially in spiritual affairs. Women were excluded from men's sacred rituals. Nevertheless, both men and women could acquire prestige through expertise in directing or performing rituals.

The basic social unit among Aboriginal peoples was the family. Two or more families lived or traveled together in a band. Flexible in size and composition, bands were highly mobile and able to respond quickly to changed environmental and social circumstances. Within a band, each family generally cooked and camped separately from other families. The family could function self-sufficiently as an economic unit, but Aboriginal people preferred the social interaction made possible by joining together in bands. Between the level of the band and the wider society were clans. Members of a clan claimed descent from a common founding ancestor. ( See also Indigenous governance in Australia.)

European Contact and Cultural Change
Estimates of the Aboriginal population when the first British settlers arrived in Australia in 1788 range from 300,000 to 1,000,000. The first contacts were typically friendly, and the British government instructed the colonists to respect Aboriginal rights. Nevertheless, as British settlement expanded inland from the coast, the colonists forced Aboriginal peoples off their lands and destroyed their sacred sites. The settlers cleared land for farming and for towns, which disrupted Aboriginal peoples' hunting and gathering activities. They also fenced off the land, which cut off access to clean water and food supplies for Aboriginal communities.

The conflicting interests of the colonists and Aboriginal peoples soon led to violent clashes. For decades the frontier was wild and uncontrolled as Aboriginal peoples waged guerrilla warfare and colonists responded with brutal force. Eventually the Aboriginal peoples were overwhelmed by the colonists' more powerful arms. An estimated 20,000 Aboriginal people were killed in the fighting. Much greater numbers died from diseases inadvertently brought to Australia by the colonists. The introduced diseases-including bronchitis, measles, scarlet fever, chicken pox, smallpox, and whooping cough-were devastating to Aboriginal people because they had no resistance to them. Between 1788 and 1900 the Aboriginal population was reduced by as much as 90 percent. Among the survivors, some were sent to Christian missions to become "civilized," while others formed the labor force on which the cattle industry was built. ( See also Myall Creek Massacre; Pinjarra Massacre.)

Beginning in 1856, humanitarian efforts prompted the passing of laws to "protect" Aboriginal people. The government set up reserves for them to live on and gave them food and clothing. These laws, however, kept Aboriginal people from following their traditional livelihood and also offered them no place in the economy or society of the colonists. In practice, the protection laws gave whites much greater control over the lives of Aboriginal people.

In the 20th century the Australian government started a policy of assimilation. The goal was to force the Aboriginal peoples to abandon their traditional way of life and to adapt to the dominant white culture. As part of this policy, Aboriginal children, particularly those of mixed Aboriginal and white ancestry, were taken from their parents and raised by white families or in government institutions. These children later became known as the Stolen Generations.

In the late 1950s Aboriginal activists joined their non-Aboriginal allies to protest their mistreatment and call for recognition of their civil rights. Finally, in 1962, Indigenous Australians-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples-were granted the right to vote in national elections. Then, in a 1967 referendum, more than 90 percent of Australian voters chose to amend the national constitution to formally acknowledge Indigenous people as Australian citizens. Long after that landmark event, however, Aboriginal peoples have continued to experience racial discrimination in employment, housing, education, and other areas of everyday life.

In the 1990s Australia made progress in the movement known as reconciliation-acknowledging the past mistreatment of Indigenous Australians and resolving to right those wrongs. In 1996 the country held the first National Reconciliation Week, now an annual event providing an opportunity to focus on the reconciliation effort. Two years later it introduced Sorry Day, an annual event now called the National Day of Healing, to remember the Stolen Generations. For decades the Australian government resisted making a formal statement about the abuses that Indigenous peoples suffered as a result of official policies. In 2008, however, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd finally issued a formal apology for the past mistreatment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Aboriginal Peoples Today
In the Australian census of 2021, more than 740,000 people identified themselves as Aboriginal. About another 36,000 people claimed mixed Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin. These totals continued the upward trend of the Aboriginal population, which is considerably younger than the Australian population as a whole. More than one-third of Aboriginal Australians live in big cities. Many others live in towns and other urban areas or on farms, on ranches, and in other rural areas. A smaller amount still live in remote areas, where they rely in part on traditional skills as hunter-gatherers.

Some three-fifths of the Aboriginal population are concentrated in New South Wales and in Queensland. The Northern Territory has the highest proportion of Aboriginal people among the states and territories, at more than a quarter of its population. Especially since the 1990s, Aboriginal peoples have been able to reclaim some of Australia's land. Today about one-fifth of the country is either owned or controlled by Indigenous Australians, mostly by Aboriginal peoples.

Many of the Aboriginal languages spoken in Australia before colonization have died out. Others have survived but are endangered. In the 2021 census, fewer than 1 in 10 Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people reported that they spoke one of more than 150 Indigenous languages at home. Efforts to preserve Aboriginal languages for future generations have included government-sponsored language programs and the introduction of Indigenous language instruction in schools.

Most Aboriginal people follow Christianity in some form because of Christian missionaries and their attempts to suppress Indigenous cultures. Some Aboriginal people, however, have maintained their traditional spiritual beliefs or have begun to reclaim those beliefs.

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Aboriginal peoples were the first people to live in Australia. Together with the Torres Strait Islander peoples, they are known as Indigenous Australians. The ancestors of...

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Who are Australia's First Nations people, and what are their origins?

The first people in Australia are the Aborigines who had their origins in south east Asia and came with canoes 50000 years to Australia because of the low sea level. After 15000 years they have settled the whole continent.

What is 'Dreaming' or Dreamtime, and why is it so important for First Nations people?

The concept of Dreaming, or Dreamtime, is essential (grundlegend) to the culture and spirituality of Aboriginal peoples. It encompasses (umfasst) creation stories and ancestral beliefs that explain the origins of the world and all living things.

These stories are passed down through generations, guiding Aboriginal peoples' understanding of their origins and their connection to the land and all living things.

Dreaming or Dreamtime is of immense significance (immense Bedeutung) to First Nations people as it forms the basis of their cultural identity and spiritual beliefs.

It offers a framework for comprehending their origins, the creation of the world, and the interconnectedness (verbunden) between humans, nature, and ancestral beings. Dreaming stories and totemism are intricately woven (eng verwoben) into their everyday lives, rituals, and ceremonies.

What did traditional life look like for Aboriginal people?

The people were fishers, hunters and gatherers(Sammler).

Aboriginal communities have particularly strong family values (Familienwerte), so family is very important.

In Australia, the idea of “being on country” is central to the Aboriginal worldview. The land (or country) is what defines Aboriginal people.

Theres a big diversity among Aboriginal groups.

Belief: Totemism is an important belief of the aboriginal in which people are said to have kinship or a mystical relationship with a certain object, such as the totem.

Totemism is the belief that humans are a part of nature and links them to both the things of nature and the all-powerful spirit beings.

Today

There are over 740,000 Aboriginal people in Australia. They tend to (neigen) be younger and live in towns, rural areas, and on farms.

Since the 1990s, Aboriginal people have been reclaiming land, and now about one-fifth of the country is owned or controlled by Indigenous Australians.

Unfortunately, many Aboriginal languages have died out, but some have survived and are endangered. (gefährdet) Christianity has had an influence due to missionaries (Missionare) but some Aboriginal people still follow traditional spiritual beliefs. (traditioneller spiritueller glauben)

What is so special about Aboriginal art?

Traditional Aboriginal art,music and dance are closely linked with spiritual life and nature

Aboriginal people performed and shared and dances for Entertainment

Instrumental music was provided in the north by didjeridu (a wind instrument) and clapping sticks
->in the southern and central Region boomerangs or Club were rhythmically (rythmisch) beaten together or prounded on the ground

Aboriginal people didnt have written languages: when they encountered (begegnen) Europeans, their Songs, Chants, legends and stories were a rich oral literature

in addition to sacred (heilig) stories of the Dreams (ordinary-stories ( gewöhnliche Geschichten) and tales->there are historically true or believed to be true)

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Hi!
Please find the job that you got given and fill the box with the information you researched. Try to answer as many questions as possible.
Use the vocabulary box below for support!

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like?

Looks Like a children room

Anything is smaller than adult stuff for example Chairs and tables

Lots of Toys

Colorfull

Selfmade stuff like picture

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

To help children

Play with them

To teach them How To Act Right

To take care of them for a couple of Hours

Clean their stuff up

Have fun with children

How many hours do you typically work?

typically a kindergarten opens at 7 or 8 a.m and close between 3 to 5 p.m.

approximately (ungefähr) 8 hours a day

What is your salary like?

About 3.720€-3.750€ brutto

2450€ netto

39.000 € per year

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

To be Good with Kids

you need to handle with stress

sometimes you get dirty

loud and screaming kids

to calm yourself and kids down

stay calm

have fun with this job

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

you need to do a kindergarten teacher education or you can do a pedagogy studies

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

pre school teacher

jobs governess (privat erzieherin)

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job?

everyday fun and play games

just work 8 hours a day

Why should young people get into your job?

important job

just a few employers

What are the downsides to your job?

you need to handle stress

like kids

can’t move your holidays like you need them

If you could change one thing, what would it be?

more money

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like ?

-can be hectic, when there are man animals to be treated or emergencies arise

-like a animal clinic

different rooms for waiting

reception area, where owners can wait with their animal

examination rooms (Untersuchungsräume), where animals are examined by veterinarians

operating room for operations and areas for storing medicines,feed and other essential materials

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

-Diagnosis and Treatment: A veterinarian is responsible for diagnosing illness and injuries in animals recommending

-they offer vaccinations,parasite control and general health checks to ensure animals stay healthy

-advice to owners and emergency care, to provide immediate medical care

-Records: veterinarians keep accurate records of animals medical history -> this is important to ensure continuity of care

How many hours do you typically work?

60 hour per week

What is your salary like?

monthly 3400$ up to 4900$

in the year between 41.100$ and 58.400$

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

To be able to deal with animals, Should like animals, Communication, Empathy, Management skills, Interpersonal skills

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

A-levels OR subject-specific higher education entrance qualification

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job?

You learn how to handle animals, Varied range of tasks, Independent work

Why should young people get into your job?

Because most people of today's generation have grown up with pets and also have the skills and talents to do the job.

What are the downsides to your job?

Physical demand: the work can be physically demanding, because you have often to bend (bücken), lift and handle large animals

stressfull

irregular work hour: veterinarians are often required to work outside of regular work hours to treat emergencies-> this can lead to long working hours and little freetime

If you could change one thing, what would it be?

I would try to spend more time interacting with the animals and their owners to promote better communication and understanding, because the owners are often stressfull about their pets and its important to listen to them and take their questions seriously, so i can also gain their trust

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like?

It's a zoo filled with animals and visitors

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

Take care of animals

Feed them

Clean them

Monitor their health

How many hours do you typically work?

About 40 hours a week, during day or night

What is your salary like?

Roughly 32.000€ per year

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

Monitoring, feeding, entertaining and protecting animals

Communicating with others

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

Bachelor's degree

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

become a head zookeeper or a team leader (requires lots of experience)

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job?

You get to spend time with lots of animals

You are getting paid for that

Why should young people get into your job?

It's high rewarding

What are the downsides to your job?

Animals could be dangerous and harm you

A slight mistake could cause animals to die

If you could change one thing, what would it be?

Irregular hours shifts

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like?

The workplace is a plane Cockpit with lot of buttons

Airplane

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

Bring people from one airport to another.

How many hours do you typically work?

It depends on where the pilot flies to but the worktime is usually long.

What is your salary like?

The salary of a pilot is 73.000€ per year

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

You got to understand the physics of a plane.

You need to remember every button in the cockpit and its functions

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

Physical education

Flight education

You Need a Bachelor degree.

You will need flight training

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

You can work for the airforce.

You can fly cargo Planes.

You can fly passenger Aircrafts.

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job

You will have a beautiful view from the cockpit.

You can see many countries.

You get paid very well.

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like?

It is a kitchen in a restaurant

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

You cook meals, go to buy food, watch out for fire or hygiene and you must cook/back delicious food.

How many hours do you typically work?

12-14 Hours a workshift

What is your salary like?

36$ a hour (33.000€ per year)

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

You Need patience, timing and You must to know the basics.

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

•You need a 3 year education and after the education you need to work 8 months and then you are finally a chef.

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

You can become rich and famous or you can help other people to cook like you,

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job?

You can be creativ, you can us it in your private life. You don’t need to go to the college. You can do what you like and you can take the rest of the food for yourself.

Why should young people get into your job?

What are the downsides to your job?

If you could change one thing, what would it be?

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like?

My workplace is all about fighting for the safety of our society

mostly our job is it to put out fire but we also help the animals in need like getting them out of a tree

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

engaging with the community

attending lots of different incidents such as road traffic collisions, floodings and water rescues

How many hours do you typically work?

41 to 43 hours per week

What is your salary like?

48.300€ per year

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

you must have skills when communicating

you need to be skilled in a leadership position

you must be able to work in a team

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

GCSEs

A-Levels

Degree

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

as a firefighter you have many different career opportunities such as :

Firefighter

Fire Inspector

Fire Investigator

Fire Chief

Firefighter Engineer

Seasonal Firefighter

Assistant Chief

Dispatcher

EMS

Inspector

Paramedic

Rescue Technician

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job?

Physical fitness,Salary,Vacation,Health insurance

Why should young people get into your job?

Because you need to be physicaly fit and young people tend to be fitter than old people and it is a good oppurtinety

What are the downsides to your job?

Firefighters face risks from flames, structural collapse and hazardous materials. Despite rigorous training and safety precautions, injuries and deaths can and do occur. Irregular hours: Firefighters often work long shifts, sometimes 24 hours or more, and can be called at any time, including holidays.

If you could change one thing, what would it be?

If I could change one thing it may be getting more money because firefighters risk their lives everyday to make the world a better place.

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like?

The workplace is often outdoors and on construction sites.

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

installation and repair of roofs

How many hours do you typically work?

Working hours may vary depending on factors such as the type of job site, weather and workload. However, roofers typically work full time and can have long days

What is your salary like?

A roofer's salary can vary depending on location, experience, qualifications and employment type. On average, a roofer earns between $30,000 and $60,000 per year

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

Craftsmanship, Physical fitness, Ability to work at heights, Teamwork

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

a formal education

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

promotion to foremanship

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job?

physical activity, diverse work environment

Why should young people get into your job?

diverse opportunities, professional development

What are the downsides to your job?

physical stress, dangers, weather conditions

If you could change one thing, what would it be?

If I could change one thing about the roofing profession, I would work to further improve safety standards and minimize the risk of workplace accidents

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like?

small office to write and edit articles

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

writing articles

conducting interviews

stay updated on current developments

How many hours do you typically work?

long/irregular work

What is your salary like?

22000-29000 per year

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

communication skills

writing skills

research skills

analytical skills

management skills

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

a bachelor degree in journalism

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job?

stay informed about current events

interview interesting people from various backgrounds

chance to travel and explore different places

Why should young people get into your job?

What are the downsides to your job?

dealing with criticism

irregular work hour

risk to personal safety

pressure of the time

If you could change one thing, what would it be?

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like?

My workplace is an airplane

It’s stressful because you have to carry of the people on the airplane and it’s also collaborative because you work with the pilots and the others stewards together

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

As a stewardess you are required to distribute drinking and food on the airplane and while turbulence causes a calm behaviour of the passengers

How many hours do you typically work?

You typically work around 22 hours per week but you only get paid for every hour in the air

What is your salary like?

The average salary is about 36.100€ per year

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

Teamwork, accurate and careful work, be on time and reliable, independent work, be communicative

speak fluent English and maybe another language, have no fear of heights and flight, swim well

be at least 1.60m tall and have a well-groomed appearance

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

You are not doing an education, but a course that can last between 6 weeks and 4 months

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job?

flexible working hours, discounted flying, a lot of travel, never bored

Why should young people get into your job?

You travel a lot and get to know new countries and cultures. Also you work in a team and you have flexible working hours.

What are the downsides to your job?

little sleep, difficult passengers, unforeseen events (for example turbulence)

If you could change one thing, what would it be?

If I could change one thing, it would be that more men do the job

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like?

A nurse may practice in a wide range of settings

the most common: hospital, also in other places such as in the home of patients , in residential care(stationären Pflege), at schools, in research environments, and in other medical clinics.

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

promote health

prevent disease

help patients with illnesses

How many hours do you typically work?

8, 10 or 12-hour shifts

Full-time nurses work between 36 and 40 hours a week

What is your salary like?

2.412 euros based on a 38-hour week (41.000 euro per year)

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

passion

patience

communication skills

cooperation

sense of responsibility

mindfulness

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

depends on your career goal

most nurses start with a bachelor's education in nursing

no matter which degree you choose, you have to take the NCLEX-RN exam to become a licensed registered nurse

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

Registered Nurse (Eingetragene Krankenschwester)

Nursing Practitioner (Krankenpflegepraktikerin)

Public Health Nurs (Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegerin)

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job?

ability to make a difference (in human lifes)

growth opportunities

good salary

schedule flexibility

Why should young people get into your job?

make a real difference in someone's life

You can offer hope to people

What are the downsides to your job?

non-recognition/poor treatment of patients (ungrateful patients)

long shifts

changing duty rosters (Dienstpläne)

emotional stress

physical demands

exposure to diseases and chemicals (Krankheiten und Chemikalien ausgesetzt)

If you could change one thing, what would it be?

• More recognition (from patients and outsiders [aussenstehende])

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like?

office

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

Drawing blueprints (Baupläne) for buildings

Meet with clients to determine (bestimmen) objectives and requirements (Ziele) for structures

design new buildings and the spaces around them

work on the restoration of existing buildings

How many hours do you typically work?

7 to 8 hours a day

40 hours a week

What is your salary like?

50.000€ per year

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

creativity

drawing skills

social skills

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

bachelor's degree in architecture

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

Interior design

Exterior design

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job?

You can be creative

Making customers happy

Why should young people get into your job?

because they can use their creativity

What are the downsides to your job?

Blackouts/Stress with requests

You Need to have a lot of ideas

Clients could be exhausting

If you could change one thing, what would it be?

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Your everyday work
What does your workplace look like?

Dental practice

What kind of tasks & duties does your job include?

clean teeth, fill cavities (Karies), perform surgeries, and promote oral health (Mundhygiene)

How many hours do you typically work?

35 to 40 hours per week

What is your salary like?

66.000€ - 116.000€ gross salary (Bruttogehalt)

Skills & education:
What skills & talents do you need to have for the job?

communication

team work

empathy

technical skills

What kind of education (Ausbildung) do you need?

5 year degree in dentistry, followed by one to two years of postgraduate dental training (postgradualen Ausbildung: Aufbaustudium)

What career opportunities (Karrieremöglichkeiten) do you have?

Orthodontist (Kieferorthopäde)

Dental assistant

Dental technician

Pros & cons of the job:

What are the benefits of your job?

good income, recognized profession

Why should young people get into your job?

Because it's challenging in a positive way (when dealing with different patients)

They get an opportunity to help others (even when they're just assistants)

What are the downsides to your job?

long training period

physical strain (körperliche Belastung)

competition between dentists

a lot of stress

If you could change one thing, what would it be?

annoying patients

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Whether you're deciding what to study, taking your exams, planning a career, or just curious, we're here to explain the world of work, with advice from people who've found the right path for them.

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Observed annually on 26 May, National Sorry Day remembers and acknowledges the mistreatment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who were forcibly removed from their families and communities, which we now know as 'The Stolen Generations'.

National Sorry Day is a day to acknowledge the strength of Stolen Generations Survivors and reflect on how we can all play a part in the healing process for our people and nation. While this date carries great significance for the Stolen Generations and other Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, it is also commemorated by Australians right around the country.

The first National Sorry Day was held on 26 May 1998, one year after the Bringing Them Home report was tabled in Parliament. The Bringing Them Home report is a result of a Government Inquiry into the past policies which caused children to be removed from their families and communities in the 20 th century.

Following this, in 2000, there was one issue that was high on the agenda at the Sydney Harbour Bridge walk for reconciliation - an apology to the Stolen Generations.

It was also high in the sky, when a group of people - independent to the organisation of the walk - had the word 'Sorry' written in the clear blue skies above the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

Such was the intensity of feeling and support for Stolen Generations members - many of whom were among the huge crowd that day.

Today, twenty-three years after the Bringing Them Home report and twelve years since the National Apology, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are still 10.6 times more likely than non-Indigenous children to be removed from their families.

We cannot begin to fix the problems of the present without accepting the truth of our history. Sorry Day asks us to acknowledge the Stolen Generations, and in doing so, reminds us that historical injustice is still an ongoing source of intergenerational trauma for Aboriginal and Torres Islander families, communities, and peoples.
THE JOURNEY CONTINUES... Image: News Ltd HOW CAN I GET INVOLVED
Since the establishment of Sorry Day, we now recognise another important milestone in Australia's history on this date. On 26 May, 2017, at the conclusion of the 2017 First Nations National Constitutional Convention at Uluru, council member Megan Davis delivered the Uluru Statement from the Heart, a consensus document on constitutional recognition, developed by a 16-member Referendum Council of Indigenous and non-Indigenous community leaders. Over a six-month period the council travelled to 12 different locations around Australia and met with over 1,200 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander representatives. The meetings resulted in a consensus document on constitutional recognition, the Uluru Statement from the Heart.

The Healing Foundation is a national Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander organisation that partners with communities to address the ongoing trauma caused by actions like the forced removal of children from their families.

Hear the Ngangkarri Women's Group message of strength, resilience and healing sang for Stolen Generations, families and communities at the Healing Foundation website.

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National Sorry Day 2020 | Reconciliation Australia

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Observed annually on 26 May, National Sorry Day remembers and acknowledges the mistreatment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who were forcibly removed from their families and communities, which we now know as 'The Stolen Generations'. National Sorry Day is a day to acknowledge the strength of Stolen Generations Survivors and reflect on how [...]

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The organizations and foster families who took in Aboriginal children believed that they were being benevolent. Defenders of Australia's actions claim that some children were saved from terrible and impoverished home lives [source: Times Online]. Others, however, point to the grieving birth families and numerous abuses inflicted upon the adopted children (sexual and mental abuse, identity crises and other persisting psychological problems) as clear evidence that the government failed these children miserably [source: Culture Wars].

It wasn't until 1995 that a national investigation was launched, culminating in the release of the "Bringing Them Home" report by the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission in 1997. The report detailed more than 50 recommendations as to how the Australian government could help remedy the pain caused by the removal of Aboriginal children from their homes. The report delineated that the four most critical steps were restitution, rehabilitation of the wronged parties, compensation and a guarantee against future violations [source: Amnesty International].

Australian Prime Minister John Howard refused to make a formal apology, citing his fear that it would open the Australian government to lawsuits and demands for financial compensation. The issue went largely ignored until the election of Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, who made a formal apology to the Aboriginal people on Feb. 13, 2008. The nationally broadcast apology, while long overdue, has helped to begin the healing process [source: Amnesty International].

Financial compensation to wronged individuals has yet to be delivered. Although Tasmania has established a reparations fund, no other state has -- what's more, Rudd has rejected outright the establishment of a national fund [source: The Independent]. The Australian government has refused reparations on the grounds that the children were removed from their families with their best interests in mind [source: ENIAR].

To date, only one member of the Stolen Generation has been compensated for the trauma inflicted on him. Bruce Trevorrow, who was taken to the hospital on Christmas Day in 1957 for stomach pains when he was just 13 months old, was falsely listed by the hospital as having no parents and suffering from neglect and malnourishment. Bruce was sent to live with a white foster family and never seen again by his father, who died eight years later. He wasn't reunited with his mother until he was 10 years old, after suffering through a childhood filled with self-doubt and discrimination at school. In 1998, Trevorrow filed a lawsuit against the South Australian government, alleging that his alcoholism, depression and loss of cultural identity were caused by his deceitful upbringing.

While many other Aborigines can make the same case, what helped Trevorrow succeed in his lawsuit was the paper trail left by the Aboriginal Control Board and his mother, who attempted numerous times to find out how her son was faring in the hospital. In addition, his legal counsel was able to compare Trevorrow with his three biological siblings who weren't taken from their family. They've lived successful lives, compared to his existence fraught with addiction and identity issues. In 2007, nearly 50 years after being taken from his family, Trevorrow was awarded A$525,000 (equivalent to $447,000 U.S. dollars) in compensation for his suffering [source: BBC News].

Several organizations, including Reconciliation Australia and the Australian Human Rights Commission, are currently in place to advocate for the indigenous people of Australia. The purpose of these groups is to protect the rights of the Aborigines and other groups, ensure nothing like this widespread removal program happens again and fight for the ongoing reparations process.

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The organizations and foster families who took in Aboriginal children believed that they were being benevolent. Defenders of Australia's actions claim that some children were saved from terrible and impoverished home lives [source: Times Online].

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also See TB p. 64 'Across Cultures' box

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John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland Neg: 78623

For decades an official policy of the Australian government called for the forcible removal of Indigenous children from their families and communities. These children-mostly Aboriginal children, but also some Torres Strait Islander children-were placed in institutions or missions or given to white families for foster care or adoption. In many cases they had to endure not only the loss of their traditional culture but also horrific living conditions. These children are known as the Stolen Generations.

The practice of removing Indigenous children from their families began in the early years of the European colonization of Australia. Colonial officials and missionaries wanted to teach the children European values and to train them for work in colonial settlements. In the mid-1800s the brutal treatment of Indigenous peoples by European settlers led the British government to propose a system of "protection." In 1869 Victoria became the first Australian colony to establish an Aborigines Protection Board to manage the lives of Aboriginal people. The board was given extensive control over Aboriginal people, including the right to take children away from their parents if they were believed to be neglected. By 1911 all of the colonies except Tasmania had laws giving a Protection Board or a Chief Protector broad powers over Indigenous peoples. Tasmania introduced similar policies in the 1930s.

Courtesy of AIATSIS (collection item no. N01620_08)

In 1937 Australia adopted assimilation as a national policy. The goal of this policy was to absorb the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples into white Australian society. The separation of Indigenous children from their families was an important part of the assimilation strategy. The government explained it as a matter of welfare, saying that the children were living in poverty and would be better off if raised by whites. It was said that the children would receive an education and job preparation "with a view to their taking their place in the white community on an equal footing with the whites."

National Archives of Australia: A1200, L31972

Courtesy of AIATSIS; creator, Peter Rimas Kabaila (collection item no. D00017186)

In reality, the ultimate goal of this assimilation was the elimination of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture. Children were removed from their homes to immerse them in white culture and to prevent their parents and communities from passing on traditional lifestyles. In their new homes, the children were required to speak English in place of their own languages and were forbidden from taking part in Indigenous customs. Despite the Australian government's promise of education, most of these children received little schooling or none at all. Instead, they were trained in farmwork or domestic service and used as a source of cheap labor at their institutions or at missions. In addition, though some children were placed with caring white families, many others were neglected and abused in their institutions or by their foster parents. The children who were placed in institutions are also known as the Forgotten Australians.

National Archives of Australia: A1, 1934/6800

Most of the children chosen for removal had mixed Aboriginal and white ancestry. These children were targeted because it was believed that they would be the easiest to assimilate into white society. Some government officials put forth a biological reason for this practice. As the mixed-descent children grew and joined with white Australians to have children of their own, genetics would eventually cause the Indigenous peoples to be "absorbed" into the white population.

The assimilation policy and the removal of Indigenous children continued into the 1960s. By then, however, it was becoming clear that the policy was not working. Indigenous peoples were not actually being assimilated, partly because of discrimination against them and partly because of resistance by the Indigenous peoples themselves. As the issue of Indigenous rights gained new attention in the late 1960s, the Australian government changed the goal of its policy from assimilation to "integration" and then, in the 1970s, to self-determination. By 1969 every Australian state had repealed its laws permitting the removal of Indigenous children from their families.

The number of children belonging to the Stolen Generations is not known for certain. A 1997 report by Australia's Human Rights Commission estimated that between 1 in 3 and 1 in 10 Indigenous children were removed from their families between 1910 and 1970. Nearly all Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families were affected.

Parliament of Australia, Department of Parliamentary Services

In recent decades the Australian government has made efforts to right the wrongs of the past. An important step was the creation of the National Link-Up Program, which assists members of the Stolen Generations in finding their families and arranging reunions. In 2008 Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd made a historic apology to the country's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples for past mistreatment-with special mention of the children of the Stolen Generations.

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For decades an official policy of the Australian government called for the forcible removal of Indigenous children from their families and communities. These children-mostly...

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In 1788 boats carrying British citizens landed on the shores of Australia. That expedition, called the First Fleet, was the beginning of the British colonization of Australia. This occupation by outside forces had an extreme effect on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, their native land, their lifestyle, and their population.

Prior to the arrival of the First Fleet, the Indigenous peoples were the only humans to have lived in Australia. They belonged to hundreds of different nations or groups, each with its own language or dialect, laws, beliefs, and traditions. For more than 50,000 years before European arrival, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples lived as hunter-gatherers.

With no signs of land ownership, such as fences, crops, stock animals, or buildings, the Europeans who arrived on the First Fleet believed the land was free to claim. They called it terra nullius, or land belonging to no one. Almost immediately, they began to clear land for farming and to build towns around the east coast. The settlers fenced off the land, which was often near sites sacred to the Indigenous peoples. The fences cut off access to clean water, hunting grounds, and food supplies for Indigenous communities. As British settlement expanded to other parts of Australia, more Indigenous groups were forced off their traditional lands. The Indigenous peoples struggled to survive, and a large number died from starvation and malnourishment.

It is estimated that the population of Indigenous peoples was 750,000 before European settlement. Between the period of 1788 and 1900, the Indigenous population was reduced by as much as 90 percent. This devastating decline in Indigenous population was the result of several factors. In addition to being forced from their Country, some were exposed to new diseases, and others were killed in conflicts with the colonists.

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indigenous and european contact in australia

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Indigenous and European Contact in Australia

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In 1788 boats carrying British citizens landed on the shores of Australia. That expedition, called the First Fleet, was the beginning of the British colonization of...

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Wednesday, April 29, 2020 marks the 250th anniversary of James Cook's arrival at Botany Bay in NSW - a major event in Australia's history.

Kids News explores who Cook was, why he came to Australia, what he and his crew did while they were here and why his arrival is celebrated by some but lamented* by others.

WHO WAS JAMES COOK?
James Cook was born in England in 1728. His father was a farmer and the man his dad worked for paid for young James to go to school for five years.

Cook then worked with his dad before beginning an apprenticeship as a grocer in a shop and then switching to an apprenticeship as a sailor, working on ships that carried coal along the English coast.

He joined the British Royal Navy at the start of the Seven Years War in 1756 and became an expert map maker, or cartographer.

WHY DID HE COME TO AUSTRALIA?
Important people and scientists noticed how good Cook's maps were.

After the war he was given a special mission by the Royal Navy and the Royal Society of London, a very old British group or club of top scientists who work to understand the world.

The then Lieutenant Cook (later Captain) was to command a ship called HMB Endeavour, with instructions to chart the path of Venus across the Sun at the equator. The scientists hoped this would help them calculate the distance of the Sun from Earth.

Endeavour was a small, sturdy timber sailing ship that had been designed to carry coal. It wasn't fast but it could carry a lot of supplies for a long journey.

Cook left on the first of three voyages to the Pacific on August 26, 1768.

After visiting Tahiti and observing Venus, he charted New Zealand and continued on hoping to find a big land that some Europeans believed to exist. Some people called this land Terra Australis Incognita, which is Latin for unknown southern land.

He first sighted the east coast of Australia on April 20, 1770 at Point Hicks, in Victoria's East Gippsland, near the border with NSW.

The Endeavour sailed north along the NSW coast and Cook came ashore at Botany Bay (now a suburb 13km south of the Sydney city centre) on April 29, 1770.

WHAT DID HE AND HIS CREW DO HERE?
Cook and his crew landed at Botany Bay's Inscription Point, staying in the area for eight days.

The Botany Bay area is in the indigenous country of the Gweagal and Bidjigal peoples of the Dharawal Eora nation. According to Cook's journal, Cook's landing party was met by two Gweagal men with spears. Attempts to communicate with them failed, so Cook's men fired their guns to allow them to land safely. After one of their men was shot and injured, the Gweagal retreated.

Cook and his men then entered the Gweagal camp. They took artefacts, including a number of spears, and left trinkets* in exchange.

There was little interaction between the visitors and the local people before Endeavour sailed away.

Cook wrote in his journal: "All they seem'd to want was for us to be gone."

One of the men aboard the Endeavour was Joseph Banks. He was one of the main sponsors of the voyage and the Royal Society's representative. Banks brought a team of nine people and lots of scientific equipment on the journey to help him study plants, animals and people.

Banks is said to have asked for the ship to spend longer at Botany Bay to collect and document plants and animals.

In total, Endeavour spent just over four months charting the east coast of Australia from Point Hicks to Possession Island in Torres Strait, including seven weeks ashore at what is now Cooktown repairing damage from hitting coral on the Great Barrier Reef.

While ashore, the Endeavour crew established a good relationship with the local Guugu Yimithirr people, although Cook's refusal to share with his hosts any of the turtles his men had captured caused serious offence.

WHAT HAPPENED AS A RESULT OF HIS VISIT?
On August 23, 1770 Cook climbed the summit of Possession Island and claimed the east coast of the Australian continent for Britain.

In his journal, Cook stated: " ... the Country it self so far as we know doth* not produce any one thing that can become an Article in trade to invite Europeans to fix a settlement upon it ..."

Britain, however, was poor and the jails were overcrowded. Despite Cook's poor review of how useful Australia could be, Britain sent the First Fleet to establish New South Wales as a penal colony* 18 years later.

WHAT ELSE DID COOK DO?
After claiming the east coast of Australia for the British, Cook led two other expeditions. The 1772-1775 expedition in the Resolution was to circumnavigate* Earth as far south as possible to find out whether a great southern land, Terra Australis, actually existed. He found that it didn't, but predicted that Antarctica did exist.

His third and final voyage (1776-1780), again on the Resolution, was to discover the Northwest Passage, a sea route between Norway, Siberia and the Canadian coast.

Ice prevented the sailors from completing the journey to know for sure whether the Northwest Passage existed.

On the return voyage, Cook was killed on February 14, 1779 during fighting with locals in Hawaii.

Endeavour, the ship from Cook's first voyage, was sold in 1775, renamed Lord Sandwich 2 and was used to transport British soldiers during the American War of Independence. It was sunk off Rhode Island, US, in 1778.

After an expedition in 2019, deep sea explorers are fairly certain they have found the wreck.

WHY DO PEOPLE DISAGREE ABOUT COOK?
People mostly agree that Cook was a brilliant cartographer, contributed a lot to our scientific and geographic understanding of the world and was a good leader.

There is a lot of disagreement about whether Cook's arrival at Botany Bay in 1770 is something to celebrate or lament*, depending on which way you look at what has happened to Australia since.

Millions of people have come to live in Australia from elsewhere in the world in the years since the First Fleet arrived in 1788, some escaping poverty or war and transforming their lives for the better.

However, in that time, many of Australia's First Peoples haven't been so fortunate. Aboriginal people have faced illness from diseases brought from overseas, violence (and, often, death) as white people pushed them off traditional lands, and racial discrimination, for a long time being denied many important rights non-Aboriginal people have in Australia.
GLOSSARY

lamented: felt or expressed sorrow or regret

artefact: item of historical significance made by humans

trinkets: small ornament or jewellery of little value

doth: old English language for does

penal colony: prison settlement

circumnavigate: travel all the way around something

lament: express sorrow or regret

EXTRA READING Cook's Endeavour a vehicle for reflection Endeavour shipwreck mystery Rare early Australia map found in attic Ghost Island a Google Maps mystery QUICK QUIZ

1. What does a cartographer do?

2. Why did Endeavour stay so long on the Great Barrier Reef?

3. Where and when did Cook claim the east coast of Australia for Britain?

4. What were the names of the ships Cook sailed on his three voyages?

5. Explain why some people may celebrate the anniversary of Cook's arrival and some people may feel that is was a bad thing.

LISTEN TO THIS STORY
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Celebrate or Lament?
What do you think? Is Cook's arrival in Australia on April 29, 1770 something to celebrate or something to lament?

There are lots of reasons to be sad and embarrassed about Australia's history (particularly the treatment of our First Peoples). There are also some reasons to celebrate it.

Write 'Reasons to ...' as the title for your page.

Draw a two-columned chart, label one side CELEBRATE and the other side LAMENT.

List reasons under each heading.

What could have been done differently by Cook on that visit to Australia to help make Australia's history something to be proud of?

Time: allow 20 minutes to complete this activity
Curriculum Links: English, Humanities and Social Sciences - History, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Histories and Cultures, Ethical Understanding, Intercultural Understanding

2. Extension
Cook had a long and interesting career. Draw a timeline of his life starting when he was born in 1728 and ending in 1779 when he died. Some events you will have exact dates for and others will not be exact (for example, we were not told the dates of the 5 years he went to school but we can place it around other events we know of). You will have to research the dates of the Seven Years War.

Make sure you space the events out on an appropriate scale along your timeline.

Include a map of the world and mark in the places that Cook visited during his career.

Time: allow 40 minutes to complete this activity
Curriculum Links: English, Humanities and Social Sciences - History and Geography

VCOP ACTIVITY
Through Someone Else's Eyes
Imagine you are a crew member onboard the Endeavour, or an Aboriginal person living near Botany Bay. Write from the point of view of this character. Include what you saw, who was there, where you were and how you felt about all that was happening during that time.

Use your descriptive language and emotive language to help capture the audience's attention.

HAVE YOUR SAY: Is Cook's arrival something you celebrate or lament, or both?
No one-word answers. Use full sentences to explain your thinking. No comments will be published until approved by editors.

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Exploring the 250th anniversary of James Cook's landing at Botany Bay on the east coast of Australia

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Wednesday, April 29, 2020 marks the 250th anniversary of James Cook's arrival at Botany Bay in NSW - a major event in Australia's history. Kids News explores who Cook was, why he came to Australia, what he and his crew did while they were here and why his arrival is celebrated by some but lamented* by others.

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Find 'your' picture and answer the questions by filling in the information.

For research, use the links to the right of your picture.

Use bullet points to structure your answers and make them readable for the others.

Highlight important expressions and information that you want the others to remember

Use www.linguee.de for unknown words, or use www.deepl.com for translations of text chunks

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Efforts to right the wrongs of the past                                              Yousra, Sarah, Franzi, Merle, Mina

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Efforts to right the wrongs of the past                                              Yousra, Sarah, Franzi, Merle, Mina

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What is 'National Sorry Day', and why was it established?

National Sorry Day remembers and acknowledges (anerkennt) the mistreatment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who were forcibly removed from their families and communities (an apology to the Stolen Generations).

First National Sorry Day was held on May 26th in 1998

Time for reflection, empathy and opportunity (Möglichkeit) for individuals and institutions

What is the 'National Link-Up Program'?

Link-Up (NSW) supports the healing journeys of those removed; delivering professional, culturally sensitive and confidential research, reunions and Social, Emotional and Wellbeing services to those over the age of eighteen.

The day aimed to raise awareness (Bewusstsein), express remorse (Gewissensbisse), and demonstrate solidarity with the Stolen Generations and their families.

What apology did then-Prime Minister Kevin Rudd make in 2008?

He said he was sorry for taking the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children away from their families.

How did people react to his speech? What has changed for the First Nations communities after his apology?

After his apology people started recognizing the historical wrongs (Fehler) against first nations communities in Australia. But challenges like indeginous rights (unbestimmte Rechte), health, and education disparities (Bildungsungleicheiten) are still there. Progress has been made, but there‘s more work to do.

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Assimilation policy in the 20th century                       Hanna, Lilly, Josephine, Jasmin und Patrizia

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Assimilation policy in the 20th century                       Hanna, Lilly, Josephine, Jasmin und Patrizia

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What was Australia's 'assimilation policy' ( Assimilationspolitik) and what were the reasons behind it?

Wanted to stop the childrens Families and Communities from passing on their Cultures and identities

this means you can‘t live your Religion or Culture Like you want

Who are the 'Stolen Generations', and why are they called that way?

The Stolen Generations are children who were „stolen“ by the Australian government ( Regierung ), so white people could adopt them

What effects did the policy had on the Stolen Generations (to this day)?

The government explained it as a matter of welfare (Wohlfahrt), saying that the children were living in poverty (Armut )and would be better off if raised by whites. It was said that the children would receive an education and job preparation “with a view to their taking their place in the white community on an equal footing (gleichberechtigt) with the whites”.

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The unlikely story of Bennelong and Captain Phillip

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The unlikely story of Bennelong and Captain Phillip

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Who were Bennelong and Captain Arthur Phillip, and what 'unlikely' story do they share?

What challenges and conflicts did Bennelong and Philip face in their 'friendship'

How did Captain Phillip's and Bennelong's expectations for the future of Aboriginal people turn out "terribly wrong"?

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U2_First_contacts_at_Sydney_Cove_high.mp4

in case the link isn't working, go to our TEAM and click on "Kursmaterialien"

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protest of the Australian Day (Invasion day)

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'Australia Day' or 'Invasion Day'? Jule, Dilara, Elham, Mouna & Janina 

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'Australia Day' or 'Invasion Day'? Jule, Dilara, Elham, Mouna & Janina 

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When is Australia Day? Why is it celebrated on that day?

26th January

marks the anniversary of the arrival of the First Fleet (Flotte) in Australia

How is Australia Day celebrated?

Community Festivals, concerts and citizenship (Staatsbürgerschaft) ceremonies

Some First Nations communities call this day 'Invasion Day'? Why? What are people protesting against?

the British people occupied (besetzt) the land from the Aborigines, which is the reason for the loss of their land, language, culture and family

not only do they call that day “Australian Day” but also:

Invasion Day

Day of Mourning (Trauer)

Survival Day

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The British arrive in Australia ... Justus,Maxi,Kristijan,Joel

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The British arrive in Australia ... Justus,Maxi,Kristijan,Joel

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The picture above is meant to show a scene Botany Bay in April 1770? What happened then?

On 29 April 2023, Botany Bay was the site of James Cook's first landing of HMS Endeavour on the land mass of Australia, after his extensive navigation of New Zealand. Later the British planned Botany Bay as the site for a penal colony(Strafkolonie). Out of these plans came the first European habitation of Australia at Sydney Cove.

The consequences of colonization on Indigenous Australians were devastating. Most scholars have estimated that the Indigenous population before European settlement was between 300,000 and 750,000 people . Between 1788 and 1900 their numbers were reduced by as much as 90 percent.

This drastic decline was the result of several factors: One was the loss of their traditional territory, or Country, which had sustained Indigenous peoples for many thousands of years. Another was exposure to new diseases brought by the colonists. Yet another factor was violent conflict with the colonists. The Indigenous peoples who survived colonization saw their lives forever changed.

What opinion about the colonization of Australia is the painter trying to express (ausdrücken)?

The printer wants to show us how good the British were and how strong they were. In the picture the painter shows the might of the British.

Who were the first people to come to Australia after the British settlement? What was life like for them?

On 26th January 1788, the first ships with British prisoners reached the continent. The first settlement was built in a small bay on the east coast, the Sydney Cove.

What impact did European colonization have on the First Nations people?

Europeans brought diseases (Krankheiten) from overseas

Aboriginals had to face (sich stellen) violence (Gewalt), and some even death

White people pushed them off their land, Aboriginals were racially discriminated and denied for a long time in Australia