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Question 2 - How does digestion convert carbohydrates into energy our body can use?

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Question 2 - How does digestion convert carbohydrates into energy our body can use?

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- After digesting and breaking down the food, the carbohydrates consumed cause blood sugar levels to increase.

- This then leads to the carbohydrates to be converted to glucose.

- Insulin is secreted through the pancreas which lets the body’s cells know that they need to absorb the glucose for energy or stored energy.

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Question 1 - Which enzyme is missing in people with lactose intolerance? How does this influence their ability to break down lactose?

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Question 1 - Which enzyme is missing in people with lactose intolerance? How does this influence their ability to break down lactose?

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- The enzyme missing in people with lactose intolerance is lactase.

- This enzyme is responsible for breaking down lactose, found in dairy products, into sugars such as glucose that can be better maintained by the human body.

- An insufficient amount of lactase negatively influences people’s ability to break down lactose.

- This leads to digestion issues which can then lead to bloating, gas, abdominal pain, etc.

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Question 3 - What are artificial sweeteners made of? Find one artificial sweetener and one natural sweetener and compare the chemical structure of the two. What are the pros/cons of artificial sweeteners?

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Question 3 - What are artificial sweeteners made of? Find one artificial sweetener and one natural sweetener and compare the chemical structure of the two. What are the pros/cons of artificial sweeteners?

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Artificial sweeteners can contain aspartame, sucralose, saccharin, and stevia. An example of an artificial sweetener would be Splenda. Splenda contains sucralose which is way sweeter than the original sucrose. This is popularly used in beverages.

A natural sweetener would be raw honey. Raw honey has many consumption benefits for humans such as itchy throat relief, allergy relief, and serves as a source of energy.

The chemical structure between the two types of sweeteners are very different. Artificial sweeteners have only the intention of making consumables sweeter by adding sucrose molecules.

Natural sweeteners are structured in a more functional way. They contain sugars, water, enzymes, proteins, etc. These not undergoing some process allows for these types of sweeteners to maintain their natural chemical structure.

Pros of artificial sweeteners:
- Low to free calories
- Accounts for diabetics
- May help reduce overall sugar consumption

Cons of artificial sweeteners:
- Potential future health issues if over-consumed
- Digestive issues
- Poor dietary choices

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Chaison Vang
Laysha Ricci

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Question 1 for Nucleic Acids - Describe why DNA is a good molecule for storing genetic material

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Question 1 for Nucleic Acids - Describe why DNA is a good molecule for storing genetic material

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- Stores info

- Replication with the pairing of nucleotides

- Found in all living organisms (Blueprint for life)

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Question 2 for Nucleic Acids - What would happen if a pyrimidine were substituted for a purine at a single position in one double helix strand? Why?

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Question 2 for Nucleic Acids - What would happen if a pyrimidine were substituted for a purine at a single position in one double helix strand? Why?

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Purines always pair with pyrimidines, so pairing pyrimidines with each other would likely lead to errors in the DNA

Processes such as replication and transcription could also be negatively impacted as well

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Question 3 for Nucleic Acids - Why do we need different flavors of RNA to make a protein?

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Question 3 for Nucleic Acids - Why do we need different flavors of RNA to make a protein?

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- Each type of RNA has its own specific functionality for protein synthesis

Example:
1. mRNA carries genetic info from DNA to the ribosomes
2. tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome
3. rRNA provides structure for protein synthesis