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A passage that serves as a poignant representation of the isolation and loss of control oftentimes experienced by a patient is "We have not seen each other since. I cannot quit my seaside confinement. And he can no longer descend the magnificent staircase of his apartment building on his ninety-two-year-old legs. We are both locked-in cases, each in his own way: myself in my carcass, my father in his fourth floor apartment." (Bauby 45)

Bauby shows the utter inability he has to see his father, a person that has likely had a great influence in his life. Although they are both still alive, neither has the means to visit each other due to physical limitations. He connects both of their states of isolation, and how him and his father's illness caused them to be trapped but in different ways, one inside his body and the other inside his apartment. The use of the phrase "We have not seen each other since" suggests a sense of emotional distance and disconnection between Bauby and his father. Illness often brings emotional challenges, as it can be difficult for both the individual who is ill and their loved ones to navigate the changes and limitations that accompany the condition.

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The passage that caught my attention was "Guardian Angel," which was filled with hope. It was precisely when Bauby managed to find beauty and meaning in life by overcoming his communication barrier and appreciating his existence. This passage represents the compassionate individuals who cared for Bauby during his challenging journey with locked-in syndrome and highlights the power of connectivity.

After the stroke, Bauby's body felt like a prison, and the only way he could convey his thoughts was through his left eye. He was nearly cut off from the world because it was almost impossible for him to communicate. Sandrine, who was Bauby's speech therapist, established a communication code and supported him in seeking creative ways to express himself and connect with others (she played an important role in enabling him to write the book). Sandrine has been titled as a guardian angel, demonstrating Bauby's deep gratitude and the significant influence she had on his life. She wasn't just a healthcare professional to him but also a source of comfort, motivation, understanding, and a lifeline to the outside world.

As social beings, we rely on spoken communication as our primary mode of daily interaction. However, we often take for granted the intricate processes that occur within our bodies to facilitate this. Nonetheless, in this passage, we can genuinely sense the joy that Bauby experiences when he successfully pronounces individual phonemes. In this passage, he also mentions his happiness at being in touch with his daughter, who shares her adventures with her pony, and his father, who speaks about the challenges of staying on his feet.

"Speech therapy is an art that deserves to be more widely known. You cannot imagine the acrobatics your tongue mechanically performs to produce all the sounds of a language. Just now, I am struggling with the letter 'l,' a pitiful admission for an editor-in-chief who cannot even pronounce the name of his own magazine! On good days, between coughing fits, I muster enough energy and breath to puff out one or two phonemes. On my birthday, Sandrine managed to get me to pronounce the whole alphabet more or less intelligibly. I could not have had a better present" (Bauby 40).

The identity badge pinned to Sandrine's white tunic says "Speech Therapist," but it should read "Guardian Angel" (Bauby 39).

Bauby, Jean-Dominique. The Diving Bell and the Butterfly. Knopf, 1997.

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The freedom you can find in your own mind is one of dreams. Imagine being able to be anyone from any time and being able to create your own journey and successes, you would be able to be the hero of any story if you wanted to. However, that freedom can be a prison if you stay for too long, if you live in your imagination you will begin to lose your place in the real world. What would you do if you were forced into the world of your own thoughts like what was the case of Jean-Dominique Baube. His chapter 'Season of Renewal' represents the mind's ability to find meaning even in the most adverse situations like that of paralysis. This message relates to global health and humanities but shows the resilience that patients can have if they feel supported enough to see the “spring and summer” of their illness. Jean-Dominique Baube’s Spring and Summer come along when he is visited by his sister and by the nurse who talks to him about her new-born grandson. Saying that through these new connections and his limitations that he  has “... indeed begun a new life, and that life is here, in this bed, that wheelchair, and those corridors.”(Bauby 129) All he has is the hospital and the only ties to normalcy is through the connection and support given by his family and the empathy and openness of the nurse. However for Bauby this connection was not enough to save him from the allure of his mind. In the chapter “The Mythmaker” He expresses his flirtation with mind games while he lives out fantasies “I have fought alongside Vercingetorix against Caesar, turned back the invading Arabs at Poitiers, helped Napoléon to victory…”(Bauby 117)  he goes on and on, making him a hero of all his imaginings. He felt pride and exhilaration while he created a new world for himself, one where he was not tied to a bed. In the end after his resilience in adapting to his new reality he succumbs to the desires of his reality in his last moments thinking “A currency strong enough to buy my freedom back?”(Bauby 132)  the freedom referring to his ability to move and be connected to the world again. His life stuck in a hospital bed unable to move left him alone, and helpless this isolation from society left him feeling disconnected from the world trapped in his own body and mind.

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Main passage:

"I complete my barber's duties by splashing my father with his favorite aftershave lotion. Then we say goodbye; this time, for once, he neglects to mention the letter in his writing desk where his last wishes are set out. We have not seen each other since. I cannot quit my seaside confinement. And he can no longer descend the magnificent staircase of his apartmenyt building on his ninety-two-year-old legs. We are both locked-in cases, each in his own way: myself in my carcass, my father in his fourth floor apartment. Now I am the one they shave every morning, and I often think of him while a nurse's aide laborously scrapes my cheeks with a week-old blade. I hope that I was a more attentive Figaro."

This passage represents effectively the transition that happened so quickly from the one that helps someone to the one that needs help. He clearly remembers in a nostalgic way that a week before the stroke he was the one helping his father shave, and now he is the one who needs help from a nurse to shave. Looking back to how he was acting with his father and being a patient who cannot do anything without help, he realizes how important it was to act with more care and regretfully says that he should have paid more attention to his father. I believe that what we can learn from this passage is to cherish every small moment from our lives because we never know when something can happen and we won't be able to live our lives normally anymore. Another aspect about this paragraph is that it made me think about how his feelings, the fact that he is not able to speak or to do basic human things anymore must be very frustrating and some might feel helpless and weak.

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Passage: “Sweet Florence refuses to speak to me unless I first breathe noisily into the receiver that Sandrine holds glued to my ear. ‘Are you there, Jean-Do?’ she asks anxiously over the air. And I have to admit that at times I do not know anymore” (Bauby 41-42).

This passage effectively represents the sense of losing one’s identity that comes with illness and being hospitalized. After having been at the hospital a while, Jean-Do begins to feel less and less connected to his previous life; he talks about how the first time he passed Paris in an ambulance, he could have cried; the second time, it seems as though it did not bother him as much. When Florence calls him, Jean-Do has been so disconnected from her, his children, and basically everything that is familiar to him that he does not feel like himself anymore. The significantly defining things of his life such as being an editor and a father, traveling, and his friends were taken away from him after the stroke; Jean-Do does not have as much access to this, and every day he seems to be getting more and more disconnected. Even though this does not happen willingly, it is an effect of being paralyzed. He starts talking about how the hospital is his new life and you begin to see how he embraces it and accommodates to the lifestyle. He sees how those around him can leave the hospital and live their life while he is confined to the wheelchair and his bed. This reflects what may happen to many patients because the more time spent in the hospital, the more that memory starts to fade, and the less access people have to their previous life.

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In the first chapter when Bauby is put in a wheelchair for the first time, the following passage highlights the process of shock and acceptance that occurs as a result of a medical emergency, in this case a stroke.
When I was finally dressed, the ritual could begin. Two attendants seized me by the shoulders and feet, lifted me off the bed, and dumped me unceremoniously into the wheelchair. I had graduated from being a patient whose prognosis was uncertain to an official quadriplegic. They didn’t quite applaud, but they came close. My caretakers made me travel the length and breadth of the hospital floor, to make certain that the seated position did not trigger uncontrollable spasms, but I was too devastated by this brutal downgrading of my future hopes to take much notice. ...“You can handle the wheelchair,” said the
occupational therapist, with a smile intended to make the remark sound like good news, whereas to my ears it had the ring of a life sentence. In one flash I saw the frightening truth. It was as blinding as an atomic explosion and keener than a guillotine blade. They all left.
Bauby is faced with the shocking truth that he can no longer live the life he was used to. His transition from living his normal life to being bedridden and now to being in a wheelchair is encapsulated in the phrase "I had graduated from being a patient whose prognosis was uncertain to an official quadriplegic." This portrays the defining moment where the process of acceptance begins with the initial feeling of shock and being overwhelmed.

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In the first chapter when Bauby is put in a wheelchair for the first time, the following passage highlights the process of shock and acceptance that occurs as a result of a medical emergency, in this case a stroke.
When I was finally dressed, the ritual could begin. Two attendants seized me by the shoulders and feet, lifted me off the bed, and dumped me unceremoniously into the wheelchair. I had graduated from being a patient whose prognosis was uncertain to an official quadriplegic. They didn’t quite applaud, but they came close. My caretakers made me travel the length and breadth of the hospital floor, to make certain that the seated position did not trigger uncontrollable spasms, but I was too devastated by this brutal downgrading of my future hopes to take much notice. ...“You can handle the wheelchair,” said the
occupational therapist, with a smile intended to make the remark sound like good news, whereas to my ears it had the ring of a life sentence. In one flash I saw the frightening truth. It was as blinding as an atomic explosion and keener than a guillotine blade. They all left.
Bauby is faced with the shocking truth that he can no longer live the life he was used to. His transition from living his normal life to being bedridden and now to being in a wheelchair is encapsulated in the phrase "I had graduated from being a patient whose prognosis was uncertain to an official quadriplegic." This portrays the defining moment where the process of acceptance begins with the initial feeling of shock and being overwhelmed.

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The passage that has caught my attention so far is "The Photo." Bauby talks about his ninety-two-year-old father, who is locked in his apartment. Before his accident, Bauby took care of his father and visited him frequently. He talks about shaving him, and reminisces: "Now I am the one they shave every morning, and I often think of him while a nurse's aide laboriously scrapes my cheeks with a week-old blade. I hope that I was a more attentive Figaro" (Bauby 45).

This brings up the idea that one cannot buy care. Bauby is being taken care of, but he is not necessarily being cared for. He deeply loves his father and hopes he felt cared for when Bauby could still care for him.

In Bauby's recounting of his hospital life, he talks about his differing experiences of care. No matter what, none of the people who are responsible for his well-being can be made to care about him. All they need to do is make sure he is surviving. He seems to often long for the caring touch of a family member; taking great pleasure from his phone calls and items left by loved ones. In all this, he only hopes he did not make his father think he was just a duty. That he did a better job. What he misses in this is that in just worrying about it, he was "a more attentive Figaro."

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My passage:
"I lie tethered to an inclined board that is slowly raised to a vertical position. Every morning I spend half an hour suspended this way, frozen to attention in a posture that must evoke the appearance of the Commendatore's statue in the second act of Mozart's Don Giovanni. Below, people laugh, joke, call out. I would like to be part of all this hilarity, but as soon as I direct my one eye toward them, the young man, the grandmother, and the homeless man turn away, feeling the sudden need to study the ceiling smoke detector. The "tourists" must be very worried about fire (17)."

In Jean-Dominique Bauby's The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, Bauby effectively reminds us that there are very extreme cases in patients that lead to extreme isolation. Bauby has been paralyzed by a stoke and spends all of his days in the hospital unable to move any of his muscles besides his left eye. Bauby uses the name "tourists" for those who are in and out of the hospital (17). These "tourists" are people receiving therapy for injuries or old age at Berck. He feels like much more of a spectacle, as he can barely participate in anything or communicate with anyone and is stuck suspended in the air as his daily therapy. When he glances towards people to attempt to entertain himself, he is faced with eyes turning away. It serves as a nudge for people who are around those suffering from  debilitating illnesses, including caregivers like nurses and doctors, that it is important to remember that patients like Bauby are still mentally perceptive and deserve to be acknowledged like so. Although it sometimes is assumed that people in these conditions cannot understand, it is very neglectful to leave a fully mentally capable person out of human communication and interaction. Doctors and therapists should certainly be held accountable for producing days in the hospital that have enough stimulation packed in for people who  have minds that are active like Bauby's.

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Passage : “ My heart is not in the game. Grief surges over me. His face is not two feet from mine, my son Theophile sits patiently waiting—and I, his father, have lost the simple right to fuffle his bristly hair, clasp his downy neck, hug his small, lithe, warm body tight against me. There are no words to express it. My condition is monstrous, iniquitous, revolting, horrible. Suddenly I can take no more. Tears well and my throat emits a hoarse rattle that startles Theophile. Don’t be scared, little man. I love you.” (71 Bauby)

This passage of Bauby emotionally recalling the ache and longing he feels for his son represents the importance of human connection in healthcare. In his locked-in state Bauby has never felt more isolated and inhuman. His feeling of being reduced to a body is only worsened by the poor treatment of his care providers and visitors. They enter his room with the mission of leaving as fast as they can. Nurses lack tenderness in their care. Some even ignore the little communication he can offer, out of their own selfish desires. He notes the doctor who stitches up his eye without as little as an explanation to comfort Bauby. It is when his children visit that he feels the most warmth and relief from his pain. He is comforted by the normalcy that his son offers. Because this normalcy represents love and tenderness. This care that his son provides shows how easy it is to show care to patients and how impactful this kindness can be. For Bauby closes his interaction with his children feeling like a human again.

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A passage I found that represents the need for a support system in healthcare from Jean-Dominique Bauby's book The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, "The identity badge pinned to Sandrine's white tunic says "Speech Therapist," but it should read "Guardian Angel." She is the one who set up the communication code without which I would be cut off from the world…the hospital staff are two kinds: the majority, who would not dream of leaving the room without first attempting to decipher my SOS messages, and the less conscientious minority; who make their getaway pretending not to notice my distress signals" (Bauby 39,40).

In this passage, Bauby says, "The identity badge pinned to Sandrine's white tunic says "Speech Therapist," but it should read "Guardian Angel" (Bauby 39). Sandrine's impact on Bauby speaks to healthcare workers' influence on their patients. While Sandrine did not have to put this much work into Bauby, she did, improving her quality of life. Bauby's connection with the rest of the world, although small, is what keeps him going throughout his life and the limited activities he can perform. As a healthcare worker helping Bauby to live a better quality of life, even if not physically, Sandrine is a prime example of how humanities needs to be connected with healthcare. She helps to create this diving bell that keeps Bauby from moving into more of a butterfly where she can branch out and connect with the rest of the world and keep meaningful relationships connected.

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Every day, our mornings are filled with mundane tasks like brushing our hair and teeth, putting on clean clothes, and getting ourselves to our next class. However, we all do that without taking a second thought of the muscles we use and the rapid neurons communicating as our body does not hesitate to do the physical tasks it is asked to do on a daily basis. However, in Jean-Dominique Bauby’s experience, life isn’t that simple. On a daily basis, he had to watch his family communicate with each other and him, and oftentimes watch as their faces fell when there was no response. Often, he had to do tests to show his physical progress, but he couldn’t even express his anger through the squeezing of his hands, as his entire body fell victim to the traumas of a stroke, which is oftentimes paralysis. However, even with all these challenges, he was still able to fight and did his best to communicate with his heroes. His caregivers. One passage that represents the importance of caretakers becoming the patient's friend and support is effectively shown in the book on page 110.

Passage: “At first some of the staff had terrified me. I saw them only as my jailers, as accomplices in some awful plot. Later I hated some of them, those who wrenched my arm while putting me in my wheelchair or left me all night long with the TV on, or let me lie in a painful position despite my protests. For a few minutes or a few hours, I would cheerfully have killed them. Later still, as time cooled my fiercest rages, I got to know them better. They carried out as best they could their delicate mission: to ease our burden a little when our crosses bruised our shoulders too painfully. I gave them nicknames known only to me, so that when they entered my room, I could hail them in my thunderous inner voice: "Hey, Blue Eyes! Morning, Big Bird!"  (Bauby 110)

However, the line that really stood out to me was when Bauby expresses how yes, he was opposed to their care, however, as time went on, he found comfort and joy in their presence by providing cute little nicknames, and a better understanding of their purpose they have. I felt like this specific line represented the big picture because it is clear that Baury was able to befriend his caretakers. He was able to adapt to the awful situation and learned how to lean in on their work and strength. It showed how he was starting to make a connection with them, even if they didn't know it, and that brought a sense of peace, as he felt he could call to them with his "inner voice" when needed. The idea of feeling comfortable with their own caretaker is essential when it comes to recovery because the patient is often more willing to talk about how as caretakers, it is their job to put them in "painful position[s]" as those stretches often aid in a full recovery.

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The Retention of Humanness within Bauby - Ella Schaffer

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The Retention of Humanness within Bauby - Ella Schaffer

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Main Passage

“I fired off a series of questioning signals with my working eye, but this man-who spent his days peering into people's pupils-was apparently unable to interpret a simple look. With a big round head, a short body, and a fidgety manner, he was the very model of the couldn't-care-less doctor: arrogant, brusque, sarcastic-the kind who summons his patients for 8:00 a.m., arrives at 9:00, and departs at 9:05, after giving each of them forty-five seconds of his precious time. Disinclined to chat with normal patients, he turned thoroughly evasive in dealing with ghosts of my ilk, apparently incapable of finding words to offer the slightest explanation…..As the weeks went by, I wondered whether the hospital employed such an ungracious character deliberately to serve as a focal point for the veiled mistrust the medical profession always arouses in long-term patients….If he leaves Berck, which seems likely, who will be left for me to sneer at? I shall no longer have the solitary, innocent pleasure of hearing his eternal question: "Do you see double?" and replying - deep inside-"Yes, I see two assholes, not one." I need to feel strongly, to love and to admire, just as desperately as I need to breathe.” Bauby, 53, 54, 55

The Retention of Humanness within Bauby

Altering a person’s former identity and capabilities, illness can strip away once seemingly trivialized abilities: eating, speaking, hearing, seeing, and communicating. In the case of Bauby, his stroke leaves him alive in the mind, but paralyzed essentially everywhere else. The debilitation of his physical abilities limits his ability to communicate and appear as human as he once was. However, completely untouched in his intellectual, social-emotional, and cognizant abilities, the true elements of his humanness remain.

Bauby, a full-time patient of the Berck-sur-Mer Hospital, interacts with a myriad of healthcare staff. Most are fully aware of his consciousness, however others act oblivious to it. The physician who sutured Bauby’s right eye blatantly ignores his communicative attempts and acts as though he has been reduced to a subhuman state of living and competency. Treating Bauby as if a ghost, “ he was the very model of the couldn't-care-less doctor: arrogant, brusque, sarcastic” (Bauby 54).  Healthcare professionals have a twofold job. First, they tend to the biological components of illness and disease: aka medicine. However, they also work with people composed of feelings, emotions, perception, and judgment. To interact with a patient while being ignorant of their “humanness” not only dehumanizes them, but also fails to acknowledge the value of their life.

Being “exiled, paralyzed, mute, half deaf, deprived of all pleasures, and reduced to the existence of a jellyfish” is psychologically difficult for Bauby, just as it would be for anyone (Bauby 25). Taking away so much from his life, the “condition is monstrous, iniquitous, [and] revolting” (Bauby 71). As despicable as his illness may be, Bauby’s life is nevertheless human and worthy of the same respect as others. No illness can impact the value or worth of a human life. Ignorant of Bauby’s humanness some people pleace him“in a vegetable stall and not to the human race” (Bauby 82.) By dehumanizing him on the basis of his illness, they fail to acknowledge the life which exists within him and the density of factors that comprise being human.

Throughout the novella, Bauby reminds his audience that his mind keeps him alive. Retaining full cognition, memory, consciousness  and a sense of humor, Bauby is still the man he was before his stroke. When asked by the rude doctor if he sees doubles, he replies “yes, I see two assholes, not one” (Bauby 55). Despite his physically vegetative state, his mind remains sharp and clear. To treat him otherwise is an insult.

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Passage in relation to Global Health Humanities

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Passage in relation to Global Health Humanities

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Passage: Quite apart from the practical drawbacks, this inability to communicate is somewhat wearing. Which explains the gratification I feel twice daily when Sandrine knocks, pokes her small chipmunk face through the door, and at once sends all gloomy thoughts packing.

I found this passage in Jean-Dominque Bauby's, The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, to be especially meaningful as it ties into a central theme of Health Humanities, which is finding alternative methods of treatments for patients and the importance of communication on your patients mental wellbeing.

In this passage, when Bauby says, "This inability to communicate is somewhat wearing" (Bauby et al 40) he's referencing the struggles he has with daily communication as he's lost all form of speech and can only communicate by using his eye to blink out the alphabet. This process, made by his speech therapist, Sandrine, was a critical part of his treatment process, and was what allowed him to write this book, through the process of blinking. It's an important example of medical caretakers recognizing the importance, communication has on a patient, and finding creative ways to help solve the issue.

Another important theme of Health Humanities represented in this book, is the isolation that Bauby faces in the hospital. Bauby's isolation is two-fold, because he has to deal with the isolation of being ill, and the isolation of not being able to communicate. So he's not just cut off from the outside world, but also from those within the four walls of the hospital. So when his speech therapist makes an active effort to use the blinking-alphabet method as a form of communication, the impact on him is profound, evidenced by him saying, "Which explains the gratification I  feel twice daily when Sandrine knocks, pokes her small chipmunk face through the door, and at once sends all gloomy thoughts packing" (Bauby et al 40). It's a critical example of how significant, finding alternative treatment methods can be for a  patients wellbeing on a short-term basis, and helps them get through the long-term treatment process step-by-step.