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Nepal is located in South Asia and has stunning natural beauty and cultural diversity. Nestled in the Himalayas, it is home to the world's highest peak, Mount Everest. The country boasts a rich tapestry of cultures, with Hinduism and Buddhism playing central roles in the lives of its people. The capital city Kathmandu is a vibrant city with ancient temples and bustling markets.
References
https://www.britannica.com/place/Nepal

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Nepalese art is a reflection of the country's rich cultural heritage and religious diversity. It encompasses a wide range of artistic expressions, from intricate woodcarving in the temple depicting various Hindu deities, to mythological scenes and ornate patterns. These art and symbols hold deep religious significance for devotees.

References
Nepal Tourism Board. (n.d.). Nepalese art. Retrieved from https://www.welcomenepal.com/things-to-do/arts-and-crafts.html

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This is the photo of me with my friend and I took his permission to upload this photo here as it represents one of the traditional dresses of my country.

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Nepalese music encompasses a range of genres, individual folk, classical and modern. Traditional instruments like the sarangi, tabla, madal and bansuri are commonly used. Each ethnic group in Nepal has its unique folk music traditions. The Newars have the Newari music, the Brahmins have their own Bhajans with their own unique traditional dress.

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Nepalese cuisine is diverse and flavourful, influenced by the country's topography, climate and cultural diversity. However, the main foods that are famous worldwide are Daal bhat, Momos, Selroti, Yomari.  Daal Bhat is the staple food of Nepal, consisting of steamed rice served with a lentil soup.

References
(n.d.). Nepalese food. Nepal Tourism Board. Retrieved from https://www.welcomenepal.com/plan-your-trip/nepalese-food.html

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Health to me means a state of balance and vitality that allows me to live life to the fullest through physical, mental and emotional well-being. For me good health not only adds years to life but also life to years, enabling me to enjoy all that life has to offer.

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Yarsagumba is a parasitic fungus that infects and grows on the larvae of ghost moths. It is found in the high altitudes, typically above 3500 metres in the Himalayas region. It is been used for centuries to treat a wide range of ailments, including fatigue, kidney and lung problems as an aphrodisiac.
References
(n.d.). Yarsha Gumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis). Retrieved from https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/yarshagumba-a-real-covid-19-cure-or-mere-myth/

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Principal health issue that refugees face

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Principal health issue that refugees face

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Country focus: Syria is one of the poorest countries in the south western Asia. The Syrian refugee crisis is the result of the civil war that broke out in March 2011 and forced millions of Syrian families to flee their homes. More than a decade on, the number of Syrian refugees has hardly declined and almost 15 million people need humanitarian assistance.
Australia, like many other countries, has been a destination for Syrian refugees. The Australian government has been actively involved in resettling refugees from Syria, particularly those who have been deemed vulnerable or in urgent need of protection. Australia has a longstanding humanitarian program that provides resettlement opportunities to refugees from various conflict zones, including Syria.
Three common health concerns listed in the Australian Refugees Health Practice guide that are  likely to present in people arriving from Syria are
Mental health: Syrian refugees have experienced traumatic events, including exposure to violence, loss of loved ones, and displacement. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma-related mental health issues are common among this population.
Infectious diseases: Refugees, including those from Syria, may have been exposed to infectious diseases in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in refugee camps or during their journey. Tuberculosis (TB), hepatitis, and other communicable diseases may be a concern.
Tuberculosis(TB): It is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. TB is a significant global health concern due to its infectious nature and the potential for drug-resistant strains.
Treatment: TB is treatable with a combination of antibiotics taken over several months. The most common regimen includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. It is crucial for individuals with TB to complete their entire course of treatment to prevent the development of drug-resistant TB.
Chronic health conditions: Pre-existing Conditions: Some refugees may have pre-existing chronic health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease that require ongoing medical care and management.
References

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Australia. (n.d.). Syria emergency response. Retrieved from https://www.unrefugees.org.au/emergency-response/syria/

World Health Organization. (2020). Global tuberculosis report 2020. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240013131

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There are many social determinants that have effective effects on migrants and refugees in Australia. I am going to discuss three social determinants which are listed below.
Income and social protection: Limited income and social protection may lead to economic instability, making it challenging to access healthcare, housing, and education.
Education: Educational barriers, such as language barriers or lack of recognition of foreign qualifications, can hinder access to educational opportunities.
Structural conflicts: Exposure to structural conflicts in countries of origin may have traumatic effects on the mental health and well-being of refugees and migrants.
References
WHO. (2023) Social Determinants of Health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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The social determinants of health (SDH) are the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. They are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life. These forces and systems include economic policies and systems, development agendas, social norms, social policies and political systems.

The SDH have an important influence on health inequities - the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries. In countries at all levels of income, health and illness follow a social gradient: the lower the socioeconomic position, the worse the health.

The following list provides examples of the social determinants of health, which can influence health equity in positive and negative ways:

Income and social protection

Education

Unemployment and job insecurity

Working life conditions

Food insecurity

Housing, basic amenities and the environment

Early childhood development

Social inclusion and non-discrimination

Structural conflict

Access to affordable health services of decent quality.

Research shows that the social determinants can be more important than health care or lifestyle choices in influencing health. For example, numerous studies suggest that SDH account for between 30-55% of health outcomes. In addition, estimates show that the contribution of sectors outside health to population health outcomes exceeds the contribution from the health sector.

Addressing SDH appropriately is fundamental for improving health and reducing longstanding inequities in health, which requires action by all sectors and civil society.

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WHO's work on social determinants of health

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The Kumari, or "Living Goddess," is a unique cultural and religious tradition in Nepal, particularly in the Kathmandu Valley. The Kumari is a prepubescent girl selected from the Newar community and is revered as the living incarnation of the goddess Taleju, a manifestation of the Hindu goddess Durga. The Kumari is typically between the ages of 4 and 7 when selected and undergoes several ceremonies and rituals. She is adorned with elaborate makeup and clothing, which includes a red gown, a crown, and jewellery. The most distinctive feature is her third eye painted on her forehead, symbolising her divine vision.

References
Fenton, K. M. (2015). Dressing the Kumari: Towards an understanding of tradition, transformation, and globalization in Nepal. Master's thesis, University of Alberta.

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Mountain trekking in Nepal is a popular and renowned activity, attracting adventure seekers and nature lovers from around the world.  There is a significant portion of the Himalayan mountain range, which includes some of the world's highest peaks, such as Mount Everest, Annapurna, and Kanchenjunga. Trekking with Sherpas in Nepal is a popular and enriching experience for those exploring the Himalayan trails. Sherpas, an indigenous group from the mountainous region of Nepal are renowned for their mountaineering expertise and strength.
References
Dahal, B., & Subedi, R. (2020). Trekking in the Himalayas: Physical challenges and spiritual well-being. Journal of Mountain Science, 17(2), 295-302.