# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
"Australian election triggers refugee suicide attempts", published in 2019. Eleven Myanmar, 2023.

# data[].attributes.headline
Health Issues Refugees suffer when immigrating to Australia 

# data[].attributes.subject
Health Issues Refugees suffer when immigrating to Australia 

# data[].attributes.body
Some diseases Syrians are in prevalent areas for are chronic hepatitis B, cutaneous leishmaniasis and tuberculosis.

Chronic hepatitis B in Syrian citizens was roughly 5.6% which is more prevalent than in Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Chronic hepatitis B is diagnosed by originally having acute hepatitis B but was unable to return back to a healthy immune state after 6 months. Chronic hepatitis B can be treated with antiviral medications, and yet some Syrians cannot access these medications.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease that causes skin lesions that can persist for months or years on end. It is caused by protozoan parasites that are transmitted as a bite from a female phlebotomine sandfly. This disease can usually heal on its own but fluconazole (syrups or tablets) can treat and heal the disease.

Between 2019 and 2020, there were multiple cases of tuberculosis active in Syria. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis which affects the lungs. Tuberculosis can be treated with antibacterial medications for roughly 6-12 months.

Citations:
"The health status of newly arrived Syrian refugees at the Refugee Health Service, South Australia, 2016." Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, 2016.
"What is Hepatitis B", 2023. Hepatitis B Foundation, 2023.
"Leishmaniasis", 2023. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023.
"Leishmaniasis", 2023. World Health Organisation, 2023.
"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis", n.d. The Sydney Children's Hospital Network, n.d.
"Fluconazole for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania major", 2002. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2023.
"The challenges facing TB patients in Syria", 2020. World Health Organisation, Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2020.
"Tuberculosis", 2023. Mayo Clinic, 2023.
"Tuberculosis (TB)", 2023. NHS Inform, 2023.
"Treating and Managing Tuberculosis", 2022. American Lung Association, 2022.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Indigenous Australian Music and Dance, March 9th, 2019. Published by Ambar Hamid.

# data[].attributes.body
Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders have been in Australia for over 65,000 years. During this time a traditional and ceremonial dance was created for the purpose of storytelling. Dances' have been passed on for generations with stories about the land, the animals, past Aboriginal people and Dreamtime.

Dreamtime is the Indigenous Australian's way of understanding the world and its creation. Using instruments, such as the Didgeridoo and clap sticks is a way of retelling the events of early times and bringing the power of dreaming to life today.

Citations:
"Dreamtime Meaning", 2023. Aboriginal Art & Culture, Alice Springs Australia, 2023.
"The Tradition of Aboriginal Dance", 2023. Watarrka Foundation, Supporting children of the outback, 2023.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
"Disability Inclusion", published in 2023. Women's Refugee Commission, 2023.

# data[].attributes.body
Social inclusion relating to refugees can include the opportunities and resources to learn, work, connect with local services and have a voice to influence decisions that may affect them or their families.

Discrimination and social exclusion are based on an individual's or group's attributes, cultures and beliefs. Discrimination can then further impact a refugee or migrant's employment, education, social and health care.

Citations:
"Social Inclusion and Human Rights in Australia", 2013.
Australian Human Rights Commission, 2013.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
"The home stretch: Challenges and alternatives in sustainable housing for refugees and people seeking asylum", 2020. Refugee Council of Australia, 2020.

# data[].attributes.headline
Housing, Basic Amenities and the Environment

# data[].attributes.subject
Housing, Basic Amenities and the Environment

# data[].attributes.body
For low-income refugees, creating a sense of home in short-term or long-term accommodation provided by the Australian government and the Humanitarian Settlement Services (HSS), creating a sense of home may be tough.

Basic Amenities relating to refugees can include a stable income either from employment or Australian government support payments, a household/shelter where there is running water and electricity, and stable access towards food and water.

A percentage of refugees come from an extreme weather country where the long-term climate is not survivable. Weather changes on human displacement can include severe storms, tornadoes, people living in the "Ring of Fire", flash floods and droughts.

Citations:
"Climate Refugees and Australia", 2022. Western Australia The Greens, 2022.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
"WFP: Over 6.5m suffer from food insecurity in Syria", published in 2018. Middle East Monitor, 2023.

# data[].attributes.body
There are over 26 million refugees in the world, with roughly 80% of them suffering from food insecurity. This issue affects refugees at an early age and affects certain groups such as women and children.
When refugees are travelling to seek asylum from other countries, food options are scarce, and some may not eat for days at a time. As they arrive in their new country most refugees will be at risk of poverty, poor physical and mental health from travelling, language and cultural barriers and unemployment.
All of these challenges can extend the length of how long a refugee may go without enough sustainable food or water.

Refugees are able to receive government support payments but as support payments may be uncertain, they are still at risk of experiencing food insecurity.

Citations:
"What do we know about food insecurity in refugees and asylum seekers in Australia", 2021. Australia's Right to Food Coalition, 2021.
"Food Security Interventions among Refugees around the Globe: A Scoping Review", 2022. National Library of Medicine, 2022.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
"As Syria war winds down, refugees in nearby Lebanon stay put", published in 2018. The Times of Israel, 2023.

# data[].attributes.body
Standard 12:
As clinicians we are able to hold and maintain our own awareness of culture, beliefs and personal values; but we also need to recognise the presence of other countries' cultures as they come to Australia and search for medical care. As clinicians, we also need to understand the impact of biases in our systems that control our policies, resources and laws.

To remain culturally competent and responsible, we are taught to provide quality accessibility and safety, person and family-centred care, and maintain the refugee/migrants' dignity and respect. To implement these standards we are taught to respect the patient's cultural background, beliefs and values and how our influence in interactions can change their health-seeking behaviour.

Having read the standards in Domain 7, as a future Registered Nurse I will apply 12.1 to my future studies. Standard 12.1 ensures that as clinicians we can develop an awareness of other cultures and religious beliefs in our medical practice to remain culturally competent. By doing this, our interactions with them can impact their behaviour in seeking medical advice and understanding how health and illnesses could impact them.

Citation:
Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds.
https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

# data[].attributes.body
Spacey Jane is a group of Fremantle-based Australian artists with their first song being released in June 2020, in the midst of our first lockdown.
Their music identifies a new era of Australian music as the lyrics, chords, and instrumentals ensured Australian citizens it would be okay after the COVID lockdown.

https://open.spotify.com/artist/6V70yeZQCoSR2M3fyW8qiA?si=8yoZSM5cQqKK9fTpeTgvZQ

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Mexican burrito made by myself, Georgia Rose, at home with food my mum made.

# data[].attributes.body
Health means to me, being able to live freely in a country without disease, war or government complications. It means being allowed to go to school, work and drive a car without fear of punishment. I am grateful for the ability to live in Australia. Health means being able to go to the GP, the pharmacy, an emergency department or call an ambulance without worrying about a mountain of bills being accrued. Health is being able to live in a country without worrying about when my next meal is or if I have clean water to drink, have a shower and make food with.