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The TOE Framework is used to explain the adoption behavior of technology innovation.

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+ Can be applied to any size organization

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Developed by in 1990 by Louis G. Tornatzky & Mitchell Fleischer

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Identifies 3 contexts that influence technology acceptance, implementation and creativity.

Technical Context

Organizational Context

Environmental Context

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+ Provides complete assessment of technology adoption, execution, expected challenges, impact on value chain operations and and business innovation adoption choices

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+Provides information on the disbursement of technology at the company after adoption

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+Enables companies to understand how using the technology can improve organizational potential

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-Numerous restrictions

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-Overly broad and too flexible

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-May not consider specifics and complex environments

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+Can be adapted to qualitative or quantitative research methods

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Because TOE is a flexible framework, it can be administered among various organizational contexts and technologies.

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Dube, T., Eck, R.V., & Zuva, T., (2020). Review of technology adoption models and theories to measure readiness and acceptable use of technology in a business organization. Journal of Information Technology and Digital World, 2(4), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.36548/jitdw.2020.4.2003

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Information System Research Indicators. (n.d.). Theory/Model: TOE. https://sciencesphere.org/index.php?o=model&m=TOE#1

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TheoryHub. (n.d.). Technology-Organization-Environment framework.

https;//open.ncl.ac.uk/academic-theories/23/technology-organization-environment-framework/