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On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the earth's first artificial satellite.

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A quick response to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1, Explorer 1's success marked the beginning of the U.S. Space Age.

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President Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, establishing NASA, the new agency absorbed NACA in whole, including its 8000 employees, an annual budget of $100 million, three major research laboratories, and two small test facilities. NASA has grown tremendously since its inception.

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Yuri Gagarin became the first human to fly in space on 12 April 1961. Gagarin's flight pushed the Soviet Union ahead in the Space Race with the United States.

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Alan B. Shepard became the first American in space during a suborbital flight aboard his Mercury capsule named Freedom 7.

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John Glenn blasted into orbit on February 20, 1962, part of a space race between the United States and the Soviet Union in which the Americans were lagging.

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Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman to travel into space.

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March 16, 1966, the Gemini VIII astronauts made the world's first space docking, quickly followed by the first life-threatening, in-flight emergency in the short history of the U.S. human spaceflight program.

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On July 20, 1969, a human walked on the Moon for the first time.

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The space race formally ended on July 17, 1975, when the U.S. and Soviet Union linked up in orbit and shook hands during the Apollo-Soyuz mission.

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1977 - Voyagers sent to explore outer planets

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1977 - Voyagers sent to explore outer planets

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20, 1977, quickly followed by Voyager 1 on Sept. 5. Both probes traveled to Jupiter and Saturn, with Voyager 1 moving faster and reaching them first. Together, the probes unveiled much about the solar system's two largest planets and their moons.

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Space shuttle Columbia was the first shuttle to reach space when it was launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Apr. 12, 1981.

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On June 18, 1983, NASA Astronaut Sally K. Ride became the first American woman in space, when she launched with her four crewmates aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-7.

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The Hubble Space Telescope was a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.

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Mars Pathfinder was launched December 4, 1996 and landed on Mars' Ares Vallis on July 4, 1997. It was designed as a technology demonstration of a new way to deliver an instrumented lander and the first-ever robotic rover to the surface of the red planet.

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1998 - International Space Station begins construction

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1998 - International Space Station begins construction

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On Dec. 6, 1998, the crew of space shuttle mission STS-88 began construction of the International Space Station, attaching the U.S.-built Unity node and the Russian-built Zarya module together in orbit.

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On April 30, 2001, US millionaire Dennis Tito arrived at the International Space Station (ISS) via a Russian Soyuz rocket, becoming the world’s first space tourist.

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Mars Science Laboratory arrived at Mars through technological innovations that tested a completely new landing method. The spacecraft descended on a parachute, then during the final seconds before landing, the landing system fired rockets to allow it to hover while a tether lowered Curiosity to the surface.

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Perseverance also used the same entry, descent and landing (EDL) strategy as Curiosity. Both rovers hit the Mars atmosphere at tremendous speeds, deployed a supersonic parachute after friction slowed them down enough, and were finally lowered gently to the red dirt on cables by a rocket-powered "sky crane."

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In July 2022, NASA's James Webb Space Telescope observed El Gordo, a galaxy cluster that existed 6.2 billion years after the big bang.