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Pinterest is a visual discovery tool that you can use to find ideas for all your projects and interests.

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HSC Modern History, WWI and its impact on women in Britain

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National Women's History Museum educates & shapes the future by integrating women's distinctive history into the culture & history of the U.S.

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Find out more
Books
Working-Class Cultures in Britain: Gender, Class, and Ethnicity by Joanna Bourke (Routledge, 1994)

Out of the Cage: Women's Experiences in Two World Wars by Gail Braybon and Penny Summerfield (Pandora Press, 1987)

Women Workers in the First World War: The British Experience by Gail Braybon (Croom Helm, 1998)

Working for Victory: Images of Women in the First World War by Diana Condell and Jean Liddiard (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987)

Working-Class Culture, Women, and Britain 1914-1921 by Claire A Culleton (Macmillan, 2000)

Feminism and Democracy: Women's Suffrage and Reform Politics in Britain, 1900-1918 by Sandra Stanley Holton (Cambridge University Press, 1986)

Fighting Forces, Writing Women: Identity and Ideology in the First World War by Sharon Ouditt (Routledge, 1994)

Nice Girls and Rude Girls by Deborah Thom (IB Tauris, 1997)

On Her Their Lives Depend: Munition Workers in the Great War by Angela Woolacott (University of California Press, 1994)

Links

Archive of primary documents from World War One Established and maintained by the World War One Military History discussion group, the site focuses on 1890-1920, discussing topics from military, diplomatic, social, and economic issues to the arts.

The Great War The PBS site for 'The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century' series goes beyond the military and political history of World War One to explore its ongoing social, cultural and personal impact.

Places to visit

Fawcett Library The Fawcett Library houses an extensive collection of women's history with a reading room, exhibitions and events.

Imperial War Museum - Women in Uniform Opening in spring 2003, the exhibition illustrates the role that women have played in conflict in the 20th century. The museum would like to hear from women who may have personal mementoes relating to their experiences. Please write to Jan Mihell, Dept of Exhibitions, Imperial War Museum, Lambeth Road, London SE1 6HZ.

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national union of women's suffrage societies

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Women on the Home Front in World War One

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Books Working-Class Cultures in Britain: Gender, Class, and Ethnicity by Joanna Bourke (Routledge, 1994) Out of the Cage: Women's Experiences in Two World Wars by Gail Braybon and Penny Summerfield (Pandora Press, 1987) Women Workers in the First World War: The British Experience by Gail Braybon (Croom Helm, 1998) Working

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Front Line is a resource for learning about the trench system of WWI.

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Additional First Hand Accounts of War - WWI

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One learnt, for the first time in one's life, to value water. Through those long weary days of striving Shaitan and I got to know each other, though he often did try to give me a nip in the seat of the breeches when I mounted. And he had a great heart.

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Photo of WW1 family | Rusholme & Victoria Park Archive

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'The flesh of man was mixed up with horse': WWI hero's long-lost account of bloodiest battle is discovered

The fighting was so bloody it's often said Britain's pre-war professional army died there.

Battle raged at Ypres for six weeks in October and November 1914, leaving 7,960 of our troops dead, 29,562 wounded and 17,873 missing.

Most survivors were content to say they'd been at 'First Ypres', no more information being necessary to explain what they endured.

Among them was Private Bert Camp, who throughout his life kept a dignified silence about his harrowing experiences.

But after his death it emerged that he had kept a diary which gives a vivid first hand account of the carnage.

Yesterday the contents of the diary, written during brief moments of respite from shelling by the Germans, were revealed for the first time ahead of it being put up for sale.

Soon after his arrival at Ypres, Private Hope, then aged 25 and a carriage driver with the Royal Horse Artillery, records an early British success: 'It was murder, as we could see the shells bursting from where we were and they were tearing holes into the ranks of the German infantry. Still they came on.

'Their idea was to "rush the guns." But nothing doing, as they had no artillery with them. We shortened our range and gave it to them for all we were worth.'

But the next day fortunes were reversed, with he and his comrades having a 'baptism of fire' as the Allies came under bombardment.

'The Germans started shelling ... and for two hours we had a lively time of it. Horses were getting killed and wounded, also drivers and gunners,' he wrote.

'One team of black horses and the three drivers were smashed up into a pulp as a shell burst in right amongst them. And I shall never forget the sight when the smoke cleared away, you couldn't recognise anybody as the flesh of the man was mixed up with the horse.

'I was wheel driver then of "A" sub section gun team, my riding horse had his nose blown off and was still alive.

'I shot him and put him out of his agony quickly and put a gunner's horse in his place. Then the hand centre horse of our team got hit broadside and we had to shoot him.

'One fellow, a bombardier, was hit in the thigh and had three fingers blown off and a piece of shell in his head. As I lifted him up all the blood off the stretcher ran down and over me like a spray bath.

'Two more fellows went mad and, in all, we had 17 men killed and wounded and about 30 horses killed or had to be shot.

'At 4.30pm, we had the order to get out of it and we limbered up the guns and got away, some gunners riding astride the muzzle. The Germans shelled us all the way for three miles.'

With extraordinary understatement, Pte Camp summed up the day of horror at Passchendaele saying: 'That was our first real baptism of fire. But I'm pleased to say that every man did his work right up until we came away.'

Pte Camp's artillery battery moved on to shell the village of Whyschate, which had been taken by the Germans.

He wrote: 'The Germans had created havoc in this village. They had taken all the food and all the beer in the place, cut up the children's clothing and, we were told, that they had sent all the men away and had raped the women. In fact, the women seemed half demented with fright.'

Private Hope, who first signed up for military service at 17, was later injured in fighting near the Flanders town of Zonebeke.

He wrote: 'I was going up to bring my gun out of action when my horse got killed and I was wounded in the arm and leg. I was pulled out from underneath my horse and taken down on a stretcher.

'I woke up in a convent hospital in Ypres. The place was full of wounded, officers and men together. I didn't feel much of my injuries at the time as it was numbed I must either have been stunned by the fall of the horse, or else I fainted.'

He was evacuated back to 'Blighty' and after six weeks recovering reported back for duty - only to be told he had been wrongly listed as 'killed in action'.

By January 1915, he was back on the front line. He was wounded again when he was hit in the leg, but nine weeks later was back in action yet again.

The diary, neatly handwritten in an exercise book, was discovered rolled inside a cardboard tube by Private Hope's grandsons Roy and Stephen Smith in 2006. Expected to fetch at least £600, it's being sold next week along with his tunic, medals and sepia photographs of him.

Militaria expert Malcolm Claridge at auctioneers Dreweatts of Bristol said: 'The diary is particularly significant because of its descriptions of some of the last great cavalry charges.

'It seems incredible that they were still being used then, and indeed it soon became apparent they were outdated when pitted against machine guns and mortars.'

Private Hope's war ended in November 1917 when his wounded leg became infected and he was admitted to hospital.

He remained in the Royal Horse Artillery until March 1920, before working as a porter at London's Smithfield meat market until his retirement in 1954. He married twice and had one daughter.

Bert's grandsons Roy and Stephen Smith in a foreword to his diary said: 'He was extremely fortunate that he was not permanently physically or mentally scarred, like so many who returned from the hell of 1914-18.

'As kids and later, this man was our beloved grandad who frequently held us spellbound with his experiences and stories and we could never spend enough time with him.

'To us, he was a hero in every way. We still recall our times with him and miss him to this day. He is still frequently in our thoughts and we are grateful to have a hero that returned from where many other heroes did not.'

Yesterday Roy, 63, from Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, said: 'Our grandfather was a wonderful man.

'He was born in Islington in London in 1889 and he was 83 when he finally died in 1971. He was a fun-loving character who liked a drink, a smoke and a regular bet on the horses.

'But my brother and I were absolutely captivated when we discovered his diary because his descriptions of the horror and heroism of the First World War are so vivid it seems as if you are almost there on the battlefield.'

Militaria expert Malcolm Claridge at auctioneers Dreweatts, who will sell Pte Camp's items in Bristol on October 26, said: 'It is a wonderful collection for Great War enthusiasts because it is so complete.

'His diary includes incredibly vivid descriptions of the British and French cavalry charges and also charts his early Army service from 1906 with the Highland Light Infantry in India.

'As well as Pte Camp's Royal Horse Artillery tunic, we are also selling his 1914-18 Star, British War and Victory Medals, his diary and many sepia photographs and associated documents.'

The items are expected to fetch more than £600 when they are sold at Dreweatts' militaria auction in Bristol on October 26.

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'The flesh of man was mixed up with horse': WWI hero's long-lost account of bloodiest battle is discovered

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The fighting was so bloody it's often said Britain's pre-war professional army died there. Battle raged at Ypres for six weeks in October and November 1914, leaving 7,960 of our troops dead, 29,562 wounded and 17,873 missing. Most survivors were content to say they'd been at 'First Ypres', no more information being necessary to explain what they endured.

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EyeWitness Accounts Of The First World War