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On June 3, 1916, United States President Woodrow Wilson signs into law the National Defense Act, which expanded the size and scope of the National Guard—the network of states’ militias that had been developing steadily since colonial times—and guaranteed its status as the nation’s permanent reserve force.

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War Powers Act The War Powers Act of 1941 

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War Powers Act The War Powers Act of 1941 

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The War Powers Act of 1941, also known as the First War Powers Act, was an American emergency law that increased Federal power during World War II. The act was signed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and put into law on December 18, 1941, less than two weeks after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

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September 28, 1942 – December 8, 1987 (45 years, 2 months, 1 week and 3 days) Location: United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, China, France, India, Pakistan, atmosphere of Earth: Result: The Soviet Union begins researching nuclear arms in response to the Manhattan Project

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Postdam Conference July 17 to August 2, 1945, Yalta Conference- 4–11 February 1945  

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Postdam Conference July 17 to August 2, 1945, Yalta Conference- 4–11 February 1945  

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The Potsdam Conference (German: Potsdamer Konferenz) was held at Potsdam in the Soviet occupation zone from July 17 to August 2, 1945, to allow the three leading Allies to plan the postwar peace, while avoiding the mistakes of the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. The participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The Yalta Conference (codenamed Argonaut), also known as the Crimea Conference, held 4–11 February 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar reorganization of Germany and Europe.

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Iron Curtain speech, speech delivered by former British prime minister Winston Churchill in Fulton, Missouri, on March 5, 1946, in which he stressed the necessity for the United States and Britain to act as the guardians of peace and stability against the menace of Soviet communism, which had lowered an “iron curtain” across Europe.

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Truman Doctrine  March 12, 1947 Policy of Containment 1947 

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Truman Doctrine  March 12, 1947 Policy of Containment 1947 

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The Truman Doctrine is an American foreign policy that pledges American "support for democracies against authoritarian threats."

Containment was a foreign policy strategy followed by the United States during the Cold War. First laid out by George F. Kennan in 1947, the policy stated that communism needed to be contained and isolated, or else it would spread to neighboring countries.

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Marshall Plan April 3, 1948, Berlin Blockade 24 June 1948, Berlin Airlift June 1948 

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Marshall Plan April 3, 1948, Berlin Blockade 24 June 1948, Berlin Airlift June 1948 

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On April 3, 1948, President Truman signed the Economic Recovery Act of 1948. It became known as the Marshall Plan, named for Secretary of State George Marshall, who in 1947 proposed that the United States provide economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar Europe.

Joseph Stalin, the Soviet leader, imposed the Berlin Blockade from 24 June 1948 to 12 May 1949, cutting off all land and river transit between West Berlin and West Germany. The Western Allies responded with a massive airlift to come to West Berlin’s aid.

The Berlin airlift was a massive operation by the U.S. and British pilots to deliver food and supplies by airplane to Berlin after the city was isolated by a Soviet Union blockade in 1948.

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USSR Tests Nukes August 29, 1949, Communist Revolution in China 1949, Nato Formed 1949 

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USSR Tests Nukes August 29, 1949, Communist Revolution in China 1949, Nato Formed 1949 

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On this day, i.e. August 29, in 1949, the USSR successfully tested its first atomic bomb, code-named ‘First lighting’, in Kazakhstan. USSR detonated the atomic bomb at a remote site at Semipalatinsk and on September 3, a US spy plane flying off the coast of Siberia picked up the first evidence of radioactivity from the explosion.

The Chinese Communist Revolution, known in the mainland China as the War of Liberation, was the conflict, led by the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman Mao Zedong, that resulted in the proclamation of the People's Republic of China, on 1 October 1949. The revolution began in 1946 after the Second Sino-Japanese War and was the second part of the Chinese Civil War.

NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was formed in 1949 with the aim, first and foremost, of acting as a deterrent to the threat of Soviet expansion in Europe after World War II. Beyond that, the United States saw it as a tool to prevent the resurgence of nationalist tendencies in Europe and to foster political integration on the continent.

Its origins, however, actually go back to 1947, when the United Kingdom and France signed the Treaty of Dunkirk as an alliance to counter the eventuality of a German attack in the aftermath of the war.

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a vociferous campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the period 1950–54. Many of the accused were blacklisted or lost their jobs, although most did not in fact belong to the Communist Party.

The Korean war began on June 25, 1950, when some 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People’s Army poured across the 38th parallel, the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the north and the pro-Western Republic of Korea to the south. This invasion was the first military action of the cold war.

By 1950, events dictated the need to examine U.S. national security policies: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was operational, military assistance for European allies had begun, the Soviet Union had detonated an atomic bomb and the communists had solidified their control of China.

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Convicted of espionage in 1951, they were executed by the federal government of the United States in 1953 at Sing Sing Correctional Facility in Ossining, New York, becoming the first American civilians to be executed for such charges and the first to receive that penalty during peacetime

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Duck and Cover January 7, 1952, Operation Ivy Mike November 1, 1952

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Duck and Cover January 7, 1952, Operation Ivy Mike November 1, 1952

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Duck and Cover is a 1952 civil defense animated live-action social guidance film that is often popularly mischaracterized as propaganda. With similar themes to the more adult oriented civil defense training films, the film was widely distributed to United States schoolchildren in the 1950s.

Ivy Mike was detonated on November 1, 1952, by the United States on the island of Elugelab in Enewetak Atoll, in the now independent island nation of the Marshall Islands, as part of Operation Ivy. It was the first full test of the Teller–Ulam design, a staged fusion device.

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President Ikes “ Atoms for Peace” Speech Tuesday, 8 December 1953, Fidel Castro takes over Cuba 1953, Dwight D Eisenhower policy of Containment (1953–61) 

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President Ikes “ Atoms for Peace” Speech Tuesday, 8 December 1953, Fidel Castro takes over Cuba 1953, Dwight D Eisenhower policy of Containment (1953–61) 

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Atoms for Peace Speech Address by Mr. Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States of America, to the 470th Plenary Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly Tuesday, 8 December 1953, 2:45 p.m. General Assembly President: Mrs. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (India) Madam President

The Cuban communist revolutionary and politician Fidel Castro took part in the Cuban Revolution from 1953 to 1959. Following on from his early life, Castro decided to fight for the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista's military junta by founding a paramilitary organization, "The Movement".

34th president of the United States (1953–61), who had been supreme commander of the Allied forces in western Europe during World War II.

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The 1954 Guatemalan coup d’état (18–27 June 1954) was a covert operation carried out by the United States Central Intelligence Agency that deposed the democratically elected President Jacobo Árbenz and ended the Guatemalan Revolution.

The KGB was created in 1954 to serve as the “sword and shield of the Communist Party.” The new security service, which played a major role in the purge of Beria’s supporters, was designed to be carefully controlled by senior Communist Party officials.

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Vietnam War* began November 1, 1955, Warsaw Pact 14 May 1955,

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Vietnam War* began November 1, 1955, Warsaw Pact 14 May 1955,

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Unlike other wars, there was no declaration of the Vietnam War. However, it is believed and accepted by many that the war began on November 1, 1955, and ended on April 30, 1975. The U.S involvement in Vietnam had started as early as 1950 when Harry Truman sent military advisors to aid the French.

Warsaw Pact, formally Warsaw Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance, (May 14, 1955–July 1, 1991) treaty establishing a mutual-defense organization (Warsaw Treaty Organization) composed originally of the Soviet Union and Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.

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The Suez Crisis began on October 29, 1956, when Israeli armed forces pushed into Egypt toward the Suez Canal, a valuable waterway that controlled two-thirds of the oil used by Europe. In July of that year, Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the canal.

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On October 4, 1957, the USSR launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth. The satellite, an 85-kilogram (187-pound) metal sphere the size of a basketball, was launched on a huge rocket and orbitedEarth at 29,000 kilometers per hour (18,000 miles per hour) for three months.

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The Kitchen Debate (Russian: Кухонные дебаты, romanized : Kukhonnye debaty) was a series of impromptu exchanges through interpreters between U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon, then 46, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers Nikita Khrushchev, 65, at the opening of the American National Exhibition at Sokolniki Park in Moscow on July 24, 1959.

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U-2 incident- On 1 May 1960, John F Kennedy’s Cold War Policy 1960, US Spy plane shot down over USSR 1960 

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U-2 incident- On 1 May 1960, John F Kennedy’s Cold War Policy 1960, US Spy plane shot down over USSR 1960 

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On 1 May 1960, a United States U-2 spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Air Defence Forces while conducting photographic aerial reconnaissance deep inside Soviet territory.

Cold War rhetoric dominated the 1960 presidential campaign. Senator John F. Kennedy and Vice President Richard M. Nixon both pledged to strengthen American military forces and promised a tough stance against the Soviet Union and international communism.

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*Bay of Pigs invasion  1961,  Apollo Mission 1961 to 1972,   Berlin Wall 1961 to 1989, 

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*Bay of Pigs invasion  1961,  Apollo Mission 1961 to 1972,   Berlin Wall 1961 to 1989, 

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Bay of Pigs invasion, (April 17, 1961), abortive invasion of Cuba at the Bahía de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs), or Playa Girón (Girón Beach) to Cubans, on the southwestern coast by some 1,500 Cuban exiles opposed to Fidel Castro.

Beginning in 1961, the Apollo program consisted of 11 total spaceflights; four of those tested equipment, and six of the other seven flights landed people on the moon, according to NASA. The first crewed flight occurred in 1968, and the final mission occurred in 1972.

The Berlin Wall ( German: Berliner Mauer) was a wall that separated the city of Berlin in Germany from 1961 to 1989. It separated the eastern half from the western half. Many people thought it was a symbol of the Cold War. The Berlin Wall was taken down on November 9, 1989. The Berlin Wall was about 168 kilometres (104 miles) long.

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The Cuban Missile Crisis was a major confrontation in October 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union over the presence of Soviet nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba.

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Assassination of JFK November 22, 1963 ,*Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Ratified September 24, 1963 

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Assassination of JFK November 22, 1963 ,*Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Ratified September 24, 1963 

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assassination of John F. Kennedy, mortal shooting of John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, as he rode in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. His accused killer was Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine who had embraced Marxism and defected for a time to the Soviet Union.

The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed in Moscow on August 5, 1963, it was ratified by the U.S. Senate on September 24, 1963 and entered into force on October 10, 1963. The treaty prohibited nuclear weapons tests "or any other nuclear explosion" in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water.

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*Gulf of Tonkin Incident August 2, 1964, Great Society/Johnson n May 1964 

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*Gulf of Tonkin Incident August 2, 1964, Great Society/Johnson n May 1964 

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The Gulf of Tonkin Incidents August 2-4, 1964 On August 2, 1964, North Vietnamese patrol boats attacked USS Maddox (DD 731) in the Gulf of Tonkin. Along with reports of a second attack on August 4 (later determined as false), the incident sparked the rapid escalation of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.

To provide a larger setting for his administration's agenda on domestic affairs, Johnson announced the concept of the Great Society during a commencement address at the University of Michigan on May 22, 1964. He proposed an ambitious range of programs to provide an improved life for all Americans.

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Communist Take over Czechoslovakia August 20, 1968, Détente Late 1960s to 1979, Tet Offensive January 30, 1968 , 

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Communist Take over Czechoslovakia August 20, 1968, Détente Late 1960s to 1979, Tet Offensive January 30, 1968 , 

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On the night of August 20, 1968, approximately 200,000 Warsaw Pact troops and 5,000 tanks invade Czechoslovakia to crush the “ Prague Spring ”—a brief period of liberalization in the communist country. Czechoslovakians protested the invasion with public demonstrations and other non-violent tactics, but they were no match for the Soviet tanks.

Détente was a period in which Cold War tensions eased between the Soviet Union and the United States from the late 1960s to 1979. Détente was characterized by warm personal relationships between US president Richard Nixon.

On January 30, 1968, communist - affiliated troops from North Vietnam and the Viet Cong (a distinct political organization) launched what became known as the Tet Offensive against South Vietnam and its American allies. The Tet Offensive was one of the largest military operations of the Vietnam War, and became a key turning point in the conflict.

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Nixon/Nixon doctrine 1969, SALT I January 20, 1969 

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Nixon/Nixon doctrine 1969, SALT I January 20, 1969 

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Nixon Doctrine, a foreign policy of the U.S. government, announced by U.S. Pres. Richard Nixon in 1969, whereby the United States would thereafter support allies facing military threats with economic and military aid rather than with ground troops.

SALT I On January 20, 1969, the day of Richard M. Nixon 's first inauguration, the Soviet government offered to hold negotiations on the issues of nuclear arms control. Nixon immediately accepted and the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, commonly known as SALT, were arranged.

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The Watergate Scandal, 1972-1974 The Watergate scandal unfolded over the course of two complicated years, between the botched break-in at the DNC headquarters in July 1972 and the resignation of President Richard Nixon in August 1974. The following page will provide a narrative and contextualizing information about Watergate.

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The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War, the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, or the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was an armed conflict fought from October 6 to 25, 1973 between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria.

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The SALT II treaty was signed by Pres. Jimmy Carter and Brezhnev in Vienna on June 18, 1979, and was submitted to the U.S. Senate for ratification shortly thereafter. But renewed tensions between the superpowers prompted Carter to remove the treaty from Senate consideration in January 1980, after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

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*Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars) not the film March 23, 1983 

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*Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars) not the film March 23, 1983 

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The SDI was first proposed by President Ronald Reagan in a nationwide television address on March 23, 1983. Because parts of the defensive system that Reagan advocated would be based in space, the proposed system was dubbed “Star Wars,” after the space weaponry of a popular motion picture of the same name.

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The fall of the Berlin Wall (German: Mauerfall) on 9 November 1989, during the Peaceful Revolution, was a pivotal event in world history which marked the destruction of the Berlin Wall and the figurative Iron Curtain and one of the series of events that started the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe, preceded by the Solidarity Movement in Poland.

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Persian Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991, Warsaw Pact Ends 1 July 1991, *USSR Dissolved – Dec 26, 1991 

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Persian Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991, Warsaw Pact Ends 1 July 1991, *USSR Dissolved – Dec 26, 1991 

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The Persian Gulf War, also called Gulf War (1990–91), was an international conflict triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait to acquire the nation’s large oil reserves, cancel a large debt Iraq owed Kuwait, and expand Iraqi power in the region.

After the democratic revolutions of 1989 in eastern Europe, the Warsaw Pact became moribund and was formally declared “nonexistent” on July 1, 1991, at a final summit meeting of Warsaw Pact leaders in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Deployed Soviet troops were gradually withdrawn from the former satellites, now politically independent countries.

The Soviet Union was dissolved on December 26, 1991, as a result of declaration no. 142-Н of the Supreme Soviet. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or not at all.

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The Iran–Contra affair, often referred to as the Iran–Contra scandal, the McFarlane affair, or simply Iran–Contra, was a political scandal in the United States