# data[].attributes.body
Alvarez v Lemon Grove focused on segregation in regards to Mexican immigrants. Lemon Grove accepted all students except Mexican students and had them report to a separate schoolhouse specifically for them. The school board didn't expect the families to resist. This case is considered to be the first successful case to desegregate a school.

# data[].attributes.headline
Mendez v Westminster School District - 1947

# data[].attributes.subject
Mendez v Westminster School District - 1947

# data[].attributes.body
Mendez v Westminster ruled that the segregation of Mexican students was unconstitutional. Previously it was believed that Spanish-speaking students were incapable of learning English due to the lack of exposure to the language. This case was the first to show that segregation of schools was harmful to children.

# data[].attributes.body
Oliver Brown tried to enroll his elementary-age daughter in an all-white school in Kansas. This school was closer to their home than the all-black school. Mr. Brown and twelve other families filled a lawsuit against the school. Brown v. Board of Education made racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional in 1954, however the case was presented in 1952. The Supreme Court, in the case of Brown v Board of Education, overruled the verdict of Plessy v Ferguson. This verdict ruled that segregation in public facilities was legal.

# data[].attributes.body
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation in public places as well as banned employment discrimination in regards to race, religion, gender, or nationality. Public business desegregation included restaurants and hotels. The employment discrimination and desegregation ban in public facilities included public pools, libraries, and schools. Originally, President Kennedy pushed for equal treatment in regards to race. Even though President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, President Johnson signed it into effect after it was passed by Congress.

# data[].attributes.headline
Elementary and Secondary Education Act - 1965

# data[].attributes.subject
Elementary and Secondary Education Act - 1965

# data[].attributes.body
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was signed with the intention that all students should have the opportunity to a full education. This was designed to assist low-income students while also focusing on racial segregation within public schools. Ideally, closing the achievement gap between economic groups. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act ended up becoming connected to the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.

# data[].attributes.body
The Bilingual Education Act provided grants to schools for the purpose of providing educational programs for limited English speaking students. Before this, it wasn't acknowledged that non-English speaking students need differentiated instruction. Non-English speaking students had to go to segregated schools that often received less funding. Due to this many students dropped out.

# data[].attributes.body
Title IX protected against discrimination on the basis of sex or gender. It applies to schools and any activities that receive federal financial assistance. Title IX served as an extension to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Civil Rights Act didn't prohibit gender discrimination against employees in education. Title IX bridged that gap. It also protected high school and college athletes, as well as LGBTQ+ students.

# data[].attributes.body
Lau v Nichols allowed for a protection clause to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 focused on race. A groups of 1,000 students from Chinese ancestry weren't receiving access to English language classes they were entitled to. At this time, schools were receiving funding for education for non-English speaking students.

# data[].attributes.body
The Improving America's Schools Act equips educators with higher-quality professional development opportunities so they can achieve the high learning standards. It provided extra assistance to disadvantaged students while holding schools accountable for their progress, required schools to be drug-free, increased funding for bilingual education, and more educational technology.

# data[].attributes.body
No Child Left Behind was targeted for grades k-12 general education. It focused on providing more opportunities for students of color, in poverty, receiving special education services, and who spoke minimal to no English. This held schools accountable for students and their achievement. However, if schools had lower scores and/or didn't show improvement, they ended up being punished. No Child Left Behind was replaced in 2015 by the Every Student Succeeds Act.

# data[].attributes.body
Following the No Child Left Behind Act, the Every Student Succeeds Act required all students to be taught academic standards that would allow them to be college and/or career ready. It also provided adequate information to educators in order for them to teach the high standards. This act allowed for easier access to preschool. Several ideas from the Every Student Succeeds Act came from the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.