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Legislative—Makes laws (Congress, comprised of the House of Representatives and Senate) Executive—Carries out laws (president, vice president, Cabinet, most federal agencies) Judicial—Evaluates laws (Supreme Court and other courts)

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Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr.

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Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr.

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Since Independence in 1898 and the ratification of the Philippine Constitution in the First Republic, there have been 17 presidents, Starting with General Emilio Aguinaldo all the way to current president Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.

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Since Independence in 1898 and the ratification of the Philippine Constitution in the First Republic, there have been 17 presidents, Starting with General Emilio Aguinaldo all the way to current president Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.

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The Government under the Japanese Occupation

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The Government under the Japanese Occupation

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The Japanese military administration was established with Jorge B. Vargas as chairman. It had legislative and executive powers but laws enacted though were subject to approval by the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese forces. On October 14, 1943, the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic with Jose P. Laurel as the President was inaugurated.

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The Commonwealth Government was inaugurated on November 15, 1935. The first National Election in the country was held September 12, 1935. Manuel L. Quezon was the President, and his Vice-President Was Sergio Osmaena. The Commonwealth Government functioned in exile during WW2 in Washington, USA, from May 13, 1942 to October 3, 1944 after which it was reestablished in Manila on February 27, 1945. The USA turned over to a Filipino President the full powers and responsibilities of the Commonwealth Government under the 1935 Constitution.

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The Philippine Commission was the sole law making body of the Government. Eventually, this became the upper house of the legislative department of the Philippine Assembly (Created by Philippine Bill of 1902) as the lower chamber. The Jones law of 1916 which became the fundamental law for the Philippines vested the legislative power in an all- Filipino law-making body composed of the Philippine Senate and the House of Representatives.

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The Spooner Amendment ended the military regime in the Philippines. It was changed into civil government headed by Civil Governor on July 4, 1901. The title was changed to Governor General on February 6, 1905. The Governor General has legislative powers, and he was the President of the Philippines commission from 1901-1907

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The Government during the American Regime

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The Government during the American Regime

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The Americans stared the military rule in the Philippines on August 14, 1898. The president of the United States delegated his authority to the military governor who exercised all powers of the government (until the war lasted) - executive, legislative and judiciary.

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A Revolutionary Government replaced the Dictatorial government still with Gen. Aguinaldo as the head. On January 23, 1899, the first Philippine Republic was established with Gen. Aguinaldo as the President.

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It resulted in the Revolutionary exile of Aguinaldo and his men to Hongkong provided that General Primo de Rivera would pay $800,000. On May 24, 1889, Gen. Aguinaldo established a dictatorial government when he returned from his exile in Hongkong. The notable achievement of the Dictatorial Government were the proclamation of Philippine Independence at Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898 and the reorganization of local governments.

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was created by Gen. Aguinaldo on November 1, 1897. Its aim was separation from Spain and formation of the Philippines as an independent state. The Republic existed until December 15, 1897, with the signing of the Pact of Biak-Na-Bato

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Andres Bonifacio organized the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary organization the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary organization of the Filipinos. Its aim was a complete separation from Spain. It give rise to the Philippine Revolution on August 26, 1896 (De Leon & De Leon, 2014). It was replaced by another government when it was discovered by the Spanish authorities. The new government was headed by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo as President in the Tejeros Convention held on March 22-23, 1897.

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Below the national government was the Alcadia (Provinces) headed by the Alcalde Mayor, the Pueblos (Towns) which were led by the Gobernadorcillo (little governor) and the barangays which were led by the Cabeza de Barangay.

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The national government was headed by a Spanish Governor General. who was appointed by the king of Spain. The Governor-General was at times called the "Representative of the King of Spain" or the "Little King in the Philippines".

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Government in the Philippines under the Spanish Rule

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Government in the Philippines under the Spanish Rule

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The Philippines was governed indirectly by the King of Spain through the Viceroy of Mexico. When Mexico, also a former colony of Spain gained her freedom in 1821, the Philippines was ruled directly by Spain until 1898. The government established in the centralized.

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Intermediate class of men who had enough land, those who rendered services to the rules and do not work on fields.

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The early Filipinos had a government which they called "balangay". The head or the leader was called a Datu or Rajah who was assisted by the elders in the community, all powers of the government were exercised by them. They are the chief executive, law giver, chief judge and military head. There are three social classes at that time. The Datu or the Rajah came from the Maharlika (the upper class).