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Democritus believed that atoms were uniform, solid, hard, incompressible, and indestructible and that they moved in infinite numbers through empty space until stopped.

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The model was based on the laws of conservation of mass, constant proportions, multiple proportions, and reciprocal proportions

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Thomson proposed the plum pudding model of the atom, which had negatively-charged electrons embedded within a positively-charged "soup."

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The model described the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called a nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated, around which the light, negative constituents, called electrons, circulate at some distance, much like planets revolving around the Sun.

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In the year 1913, Niels Bohr proposed an atomic structure model, describing an atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the positively charged nucleus like planets around the sun in our solar system, with attraction provided by electrostatic forces

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James Chadwick's contribution to the atomic model was his discovery of the neutron. The neutron is a neutrally charged subatomic particle that is about the same mass as the proton. Both protons and neutrons occupy the nucleus of the atom. Chadwick was able to discover the neutron and measure its mass.