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Consequentialism: It is ethical as the good consequences which are that more educated women will produce more educated offspring, leading to the betterment of the society.

Deontology: It is not ethical as it treats mothers as a means to end which is to achieve the government's goal of having a more educated society.

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Was it ethical for the Singapore government to introduce the Graduate Mothers' scheme?

According to consequentialism, if this policy's positive consequences outweigh its disadvantages, it is ethical. The positive consequences that could result from this scheme are more intelligent individuals in the SG population, possibly resulting in an increase in the economy, leading to a better standard of living for all citizens. The negative consequences could be loss of freedom of ungraduated mothers, stigma surrounding women who did not pursue a university education and a more divided society between more educated individuals and less educated individuals. Although the positive consequences seem to outweigh the negative consequences, it must be considered that the positive consequences were completely based on assumptions and false or questionable sciences like eugenics, and hence unlikely to occur. The negative consequences are more likely to occur (and did occur) and hence it can be stated that the negative consequences outweigh the positive consequences. Therefore, according to consequentialism, this policy is unethical.

According to deontology, it is unethical to use people as a mere means to an end. In this case, the SG govt is using its citizens as mere child producers, who seem to only be valued for their contributions to the SG economy, in order to achieve their goals of economic growth and more talent in the SG workforce. Hence, this policy is unethical.

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Deontology: it is not ethical as women were needed to produce smart children on the assumptions that intelligent women will produce intelligent women.
Consequentialism:
It is ethical as it will increase the talent for Singapore.

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Consequentialism: The scheme was ethical as it would result in an increase of children with more educated backgrounds, which may under the assumption, create a smarter generation of Singaporeans.

Deontology: The scheme was unethical as women were merely seen as child bearers, whose role was to produce smart children for the country.

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According to Consequentialism, it would be ethically correct to implement this policy because the consequences would allow Singapore to have greater talents and a brighter future with a more talented younger generation.

According to Kant's deontology, it would be not ethical as it treats women as a means to an end, as it uses women as a tool for production of more intellectual children.

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Using Consequentialism and Kant's Deontology, was it ethical for the Singapore government to introduce the Graduate Mothers' Scheme? Why or why not?

- Kant Deontology: it was not ethical as women were treated simply as a mere means to an end as they were manipulated (into having more babies) to achieve one's goals (government's goals which was to create a smarter society).

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Consequentialism: Ethical as if Mr Lee was right about eugenics, the act would bring about positive impacts to the society and allow Singapore to stay competitive.

Deontology: Not ethical as it is restricting the womens right to have kids

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With reference to consequentialism, it was ethical for the Singapore government to introduce the Graduate Mother's scheme because this scheme would have resulted in a larger talent pool, which would've benefited the country economically.
With reference to Kant's deontology, this scheme was not ethical because it treated people (women) as simply a means to an end, devaluing and dehumanising them.

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Deontology: It was not ethical as women are treated as a means to an end, to produce more smart children.

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Discuss the following question in pairs and enter your responses.

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Discuss the following question in pairs and enter your responses.

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Using Consequentialism and Kant’s Deontology, was it ethical for the Singapore government to introduce the Graduate Mothers’ Scheme? Why or why not?

When applying Consequentialism, identify and weigh the good and bad consequences of this scheme on different stakeholders.

When applying Kant’s Deontology, consider whether the scheme involved treating any rational persons as mere means to an end.

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Consequentialism: It was ethical because introducing this scheme resulted in more educated women getting married and having kids, producing a brighter future generation.
Deontology: It was not ethical because humanity (women) are being treated as a mere means to an end, simply as a method to bear smart children.

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Using Kantian deontology, the graduate mother's polices treats the mothers as a means to an end, where the end is using the mothers for the production of intelligent children