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Grammatical differences in writing and speaking 

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Grammatical differences in writing and speaking 

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The use of informal language or conversational language in academic writing is problematic due to the unclear communication between the writer and the reader. When having a conversation with another person we often speak in sentence fragments because we are reacting to their dialogue. An example of this problem in dialog would be “ How was your day” and the secondary person responding “good”(Brianna Jerman). This is problematic because it is not a complete sentence lacking a subject or verb. A more proper response would be “My day was good”. The improper and incomplete response is often used due to the subject being implied through the question.

In conversations run-on sentences are also a common problem. They are problematic because they create confusion. "We can on some level follow the story to Disney World although some of the details are muddled"(Brianna Jerman).When we have a conversation we don't notice run-ons and if detail isn't communicated clearly. Listeners however may I ask for clarification.Clarification cannot happen when reading a text message. The story about Disney World May be easily understood by those who have been there but would be very difficult to understand for someone from a different country.

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Communicating clearly using academic language and word choice

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Communicating clearly using academic language and word choice

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In academic and professional writing clarity is especially important Because in these settings we are asked to write about more complex subjects that may be unfamiliar to the reader. It is a bit easier to correct grammatical errors that occur in speech rather than identifying problematic language. This is due to the more concrete rules of grammar Then rules of word choice which are non-existent. If there's no official guide to choosing acceptable words,how do we know when and what colloquial terms are unacceptable. One way to decide what words to use is to think about your target audience. The issue with  colloquial diction is. it's not inclusive of all audiences.Certain terms and words are only familiar to  specific generations or groups.

In the speech being analyzed President Obama does not mention names to Simply feel important. He is instead establishing his credibility to the audience by referencing people who are knowledgeable about the issue. Students know why President Obama mentioned certain people's names and professions but the use of name-dropping May confuse readers who have different associations with the word.  To avoid these misconceptions it is best to replace all terms which are often ambiguous with direct and clear language.

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Colloquial diction as part of the writing process and final product

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Colloquial diction as part of the writing process and final product

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The assignments one completes in English composition courses will prompt you to carefully identify your chosen audience and write clearly with that particular audience in mind. Choices and changes made in your writing indicate they are becoming a more aware writer. This means that you understand who you're riding for, that you know what is appropriate for your audience, and that you have made deliberate effort to adjust your writing. When evaluating your papers and projects instructor's read carefully, looking at your sentence structure, voice, tone, and word choice. This is all to determine whether or not you have been a rhetorically aware writer. Knowing how to make these rhetorical choices did not occur naturally for most of us. Instead,the writing process continually helps writers to think about their audience by providing them opportunities to make changes during each stage of the drafting process.During phases of the vision it is also the best time to identify and replace colloquial dictation in order to better clarify writing.

Academic writing should often appeal to a broad audience and should be as clear and direct as possible. As discussed above it is best to eliminate any and all uses of dictation in order to achieve clarity in your writing. Students find it difficult to write using academic language when simultaneously trying to organize their thoughts and to think critically about the topic. Because Academic language is not commonly used, shifting from conversational language to more formal language can be difficult . The task may seem daunting ,but if we approach it as a process and in several steps rather than a single giant leave it is more manageable. In the initial draft of a paper using colloquial language is acceptable because it may be easier to understand and organize your thoughts. In successive drafts you are able to revise sentences in order to eliminate colloquialisms, thereby reaching a broader audience. Eventually with practice writing clearly and directly will come more naturally.

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Figurative language refers to words and prices that go beyond their literal meanings within a text. Placed within the editing section up the guide because mistakes and usage are common.

Common Figurative Forms

Most writing can be made more effective through judicious Use of figurative language. There are six common forms of figurative language.

metaphor — symbolic “substitution” of concepts or things

simile — using “like” or “as” for description or comparison

metonymy — one word to mean a greater concept or group

personification — using any noun as if it were a person or persons

irony — using words in manner opposite to standard usage

hyperbole — exaggeration for emphasis

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Symbolic word or phrase is when one item stands for another. Allegories are symbolic stories with characters and actions representing unstated concepts and morals. Aesop fables are allegories: Animals represent human personalities. Some linguists believe metaphors and similes evolved from allegories.

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Metaphor requires that the reader understands analogies and complex relationships. It is also important to keep in mind the audience when constructing metaphors. An example of a metaphor is “ the river of life”. If it's not a river but like a river it moves forward. Most people use metaphors when speaking. Most people use numerous metaphors when speaking(Wyatt, C. S., and Susan D. Schnelbach " Tameri, 2019). We describe job hunting or dating as fishing and waiting for a "good catch".Somehow we understand the many fishing and sport metaphors we encounter.

Considering our own speech patterns we may find metaphors we use everyday. In writing it is common for characters to have their own metaphors too. any use of one thing or action to mean another is a metaphor-it is symbolic speech(Wyatt, C. S., and Susan D. Schnelbach " Tameri, 2019).

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Language shapes our perception of reality. The way in which we use words and the language we select can change the emphasis on a subject.It also has the power to change the way others perceive it as well. "Following this shaping and emphasis of language is a clear and revealing discussion on this principle which underlines verbal communication"(Birk Selection Slanting and Charged Language 2). There are two reasons in which this piece is included. The first reason being as a writer, it is important to understand that words can reflect your own emotions. Secondly,as a reader,you should be alert to the subtle powers of changed language to avoid being susceptible to those who control words- they may be a politician,advertisers or editors of a newspaper.

The authors of Understanding and Using Language( 1972) Newman P. Birk and Genevieve B. Birk