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"Sam McNaughton's experiments have estimated that there is a 66% Net Primary Productivity Rate in the Serengeti. This is so high compared to most regions because the majority of the animals are in the second trophic level. Most of them are large herbivores so a lot of the nutrients are transferred to these animals."

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Amazon Rainforest - Codajás, State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Amazon Rainforest - Codajás, State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Amazon Rainforest - Codajás, State of Amazonas, Brazil

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NPP: 2200 g/(sq m x yr)
variations in the amazon rainforest are caused by a number of variables:
- drought frequency
-

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The southern ocean surround the large island of Antarctica. It comprises over 20% of the worlds seawater, and has varying NPP based on a number of factors

1. Season. The net primary productivity of this ocean largely depends on the season. Change in season often involves temperature variation and weather variations.
2. Global Warming. When the sea surface temperature increases beyond the seasonal average, the net primary productivity decreases given that less plankton (producers) are able to survive. Hence NPP decreases.
3. Sea level. An increase in sea level creates more surface are for plankton to grow. This will directly impact the NPP of this ocean, and essentially any ocean.

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Russian taiga is an ecoregion within the taiga and boreal forests biome. In Russia, the world's largest taiga stretches about 5,800 kilometers, from the Pacific Ocean to the Ural Mountains.

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Coral reefs are among the most productive ecosystems on the planet.

NPP: 2000 g/(sq m x yr)

Limiting factors:
- temperature
- light
- salinity
- ocean waves + currents

http://resources.hwb.wales.gov.uk/VTC/env-sci/w23_id_npp_sea.htm#:~:text=NPP%20is%20high%20in%20coral,nutrient%20supply%20to%20the%20algae.

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Icelandic Street Food, Reykjavík, Iceland

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The tundra has some of the lowest NPP of any ecosystems with mean productivities range from 10-400 g m⁻² yr⁻¹, with a mean of 140 g m⁻² yr⁻¹.
Solar energy input :

Moisture levels:

Temperature:

CO2 levels:

Growing season length:

Plant adaptation: Some of the plants developed stems that grow horizontally

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Sahara desert is a biome that, has little rainforests less than 50 centimeters per year. Sahara's temperatures vary greatly between day and night between 30-47 degrees. It has very hight evaporation rate.

The NPP of Sahara Desert is about 500 kilocalories/m2/year.

One of the major limiting factors of NPP is low availability of  water. The absence of water will prevent most plants surviving and, hence, productivity is minor, as water limits productivity because water is a key ingredient of photosynthesis.

http://resources.hwb.wales.gov.uk/VTC/env-sci/w23_id_nppterr.htm
https://homework.study.com/explanation/what-are-the-limiting-factors-in-a-desert-biome.html

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Tropical rain forests have high NPP and the highest biodiversities of any terrestrial ecosystems. The physical environment favours vast photosynthetic output and high growth rate.

In rain forests, plants have constant high levels of water and light (at canopy level) and the nutrient supply is as high as possible, due to rapid decomposition. Because the light is strong, it is able to sustain several layers of plant growth. High levels of water allow plants to maintain a constant flow from their roots, bringing up more nutrients. They can keep stomata open all day to optimise CO₂ uptake without becoming short of water. They can use water to cool down if required. High and constant temperatures allow rapid enzyme activity without seasonal dormancy.

Tundra and alpine environments do not permit plants to grow very high, since the desiccation caused by wind and bending of the stem to induce ice damage. This means there can be less layers of vegetation and less efficient light capture. Cold weather limits NPP by reducing the rate at which enzymes can catalyse reactions. When water is frozen, no biochemistry can occur. Even when the air temperatures rise sufficiently to allow photosynthesis, the soil nutrients may be locked up permanently in frozen soil (permafrost).

Deserts are areas of low available water. In extreme desert, be it hot or cold, the absence of water will prevent most plants surviving and, hence, productivity is negligible. Plants may show similar adaptations to conserve water in both environments (xerophytism).

The table (right) shows the estimated NPP for major world biomes. Notice how environments with one or more limiting factors (lack of rainfall or lack of temperature) have very low NPP.

Imagery

The multiple layers of vegetation and the superb constant growing conditions lead to very high NPP. Biodiversity is vast - including fascinating species such as the quetzel - its chicks have claws on their wings

ecosystem

Area (10 ⁶ km)

Tropical forest

2,000

20

Tundra & alpine

140

8

Extreme desert (sand/rock/ice)

3

24

Overall for planet earth

320

510

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Tropical rain forests have high NPP and the highest biodiversities of any terrestrial ecosystems. The physical environment favours vast photosynthetic output and high growth rate. In rain forests, plants have constant high levels of water and light (at canopy level) and the nutrient supply is as high as possible, due to rapid decomposition.