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Learning by using the senses or doing

Teachers should follow the child’s own timetable

Illustrated books

Social Reform: Educate the rich and the poor

"The school is the manufactory of humanity." ~ John Amos Comenius

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Education needs to take into account individual differences

Goal: was to make a “reasonable creature” to conduct business

Instructions should be playful and pleasant with drills

"Curiosity in children is but an appetite for knowledge." ~John Locke

"Education begins the gentleman, but reading, good company, and reflection must finish him." ~John Locke

"The only fence against the world, is a thorough knowledge of it."
~John Locke

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Believes that children are naturally good

Children learn from first-hand information

Use of concrete materials

Phases of development

Education should match the specific  level of development

"The world of reality has its limits, the world of imagination is boundless." ~ Jean-Jacques Rousseau

"We should not teach children the sciences, but give them a taste for them." ~Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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"The true end of education is to develop the whole human being: head, heart, and hands." ~ Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

Integrated curriculum to educate the whole child

Teaching groups of students rather than with individual tutors

Caring as well as educating

Teach basic skills and knowledge

"Learning is not worth a penny when courage and joy are lost along the way." ~ Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

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Known as the Father of Kindergarten

Early Childhood should always be pleasant and inviting

Children should be able to play with trained teachers comfortably

Froebel took into consideration the whole child's health, physical development, environment, emotional well-being, mental ability, social relationships, and spiritual aspects of development as crucial

Froebel based his abundant understanding of children on observing them which can change the way we generally think about children's play

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Education should be integrated into life and support living in society

Had a big influence on current teaching practices

Children were naturally good

Schools focus on all basics not just a few

"I believe that education is the fundamental method of social progress and reform."
~John Dewey

Dewey believes students should be active, not passive

Who require learning from compelling and relevant projects, not lectures

Students should become problem solvers

They should be motivated by their own interest in the subject, not fear

All children should cooperate, not compete

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He established Waldorf schools in the year September 1919. The independent Waldorf School opened

Carefully planned a nurturing environment setting

Different areas of development are connected with one another

Play is very important

Waldorf education has been available in North America since 1928

No two schools are identical in Waldorf Education; each is administratively independent

In North America, there are now approximately 157 Waldorf Schools

"The need for imagination, a sense of truth, and a feeling of responsibility; these are the very nerve of education."
~Rudolf Steiner

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First female physician in Italy

She worked with the poor and with children who had certain disabilities.

Education begins to happen at birth

Children pass through sensitive periods throughout their life

Sequential steps of learning

Maria took part in hands-on scientific observations with the capabilities of disabled children who attended the Orthophrenic School. Maria worked with French physicians Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard and Edouard Seguin on studies they conducted in the 18th and 19th centuries.

She traveled across Europe to share her research findings with informative speeches.

In Europe, she dedicated her time to advocating for women's and children's rights.

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Three factors play a role in how a child shapes their behavior.

Influence is one that means children will be more likely to imitate people they know, admire, and view as accomplished.

Reward determines what the child will imitate.

Self-efficiency means how a child will view themselves and their own abilities to successfully adopt a behavior.

Individuals learn what behavior is by using observational learning.

Observational learning is the act of observing others to learn and adopt their own behaviors.