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Enables remote consultations, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients

Rationale: Helps maintain healthcare services while adhering to social distancing

Examples:

Teladoc Health (https://www.teladochealth.com/),

Amwell (https://business.amwell.com/₎

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Contact Tracing Apps

Utilizes Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology

Detects proximity between users and alerts of potential exposure

Rationale: To improve the speed and scale of contact tracing efforts.

Example: Virginia's COVIDWISE app

₍https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/covidwise/₎

Data Analytics Platforms

The platforms process large amounts of COVID-19 data to identify trends and make predictions.

Rationale: Data analytic platforms help inform decision-making and provide insights on infection rates, hospital capacity, and the effectiveness of interventions, enabling public health officials to make informed decisions.

Example: CDC's COVID Data Tracker (https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/₎

Public Health Dashboards

Displays key metrics (case numbers, deaths, hospitalizations, and vaccination rates)

Rationale: Helps provide transparent, accessible, and authoritative information

Examples:

Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/₎

WHO COVID-19 Dashboard (https://covid19.who.int/₎

CDC COVID Data Tracker (https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/₎

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Used for public health messaging and combating misinformation

Rationale: Enables reaching wide audiences, rapid sharing of information, and engagement.

Examples:

CDC Twitter (https://twitter.com/CDCgov₎

CDC Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/CDC₎

CDC YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/user/CDCstreamingHealth₎

Facebook COVID-19 Information Center (https://www.facebook.com/coronavirus_info/₎

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Provides comprehensive epidemiological data

Rationale: To monitor the trajectory of the pandemic, inform policy decisions, and evaluate interventions.

Recent data:  As of the week of July 6, 2024, the United States reported a COVID-19 positivity rate of over 11.0% and a mortality rate of 0.8%. Additionally, as of the latest data as of March 30, 2024, an estimated 29.1% of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 and older had been vaccinated (CDC, 2024b).

Evaluation: The COVID data tracker illustrates progress (high vaccination rates) and challenges (ongoing cases, low booster uptake).

The data also reveals disparities in outcomes across demographic groups.

Links:

(https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/)

₍https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/covidvaxview/interactive/vaccination-dashboard.html₎

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Reduces risks of infection and severe outcomes

Improves health outcomes by preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and death

Preserves healthy lifestyle by enabling safer social engagement and return to normal activities

Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine: 95% effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Reduces risks by significantly reducing virus transmission (up to 70%)

Improves health outcomes at individual and community levels

Preserves healthy lifestyle by allowing continuation of essential activities with reduced risk

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Both risk reduction strategies work together to create safer environments, allowing a gradual return to normalcy and maintaining healthier lifestyles.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly benefited from information and communication technologies (ICT). These technologies have revolutionized how health data is handled, enabling real-time analysis and rapid strategy development. ICT has improved health outcomes and decision-making while increasing access to care (Whitelaw et al., 2020).