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Q1. It was a well-trodden path. [1]
Accepted answers: It is used very often/commonly used by many people/ancestors.
(x) the path was used up (x) it was a very long path (x) used by herders before (x) uneven/unstable path

Q2. ‘spectres’ [1] and ‘phantom’ [1]

Q3. ‘since the dawn of time’ [1] and ‘ageless migration (that stretched forever)’ [1]
Also accepted: ‘across eras’

Q4. By the repeated use of ‘and’ in the phrase ‘sound of sorrow and hope and loss and desire’  [1]

Q5. They were in high spirits. [1]
OK: easy-going, carefree, relaxed, happy, playful, cheerful (x) peaceful, calm (x) excited (x) delighted

Q6.  ‘incessant banter’ [1]

Q7 (i) The word is ‘rasped’ [1]
(ii) The writer is trying to highlight the poor/low/bad/unclear/horrible quality of music. [1]

Q8. He is attempting to replicate the repeated beat of the music. [1]
(x) the lyrics of the song only had those words (x) to emphasise the repetition of the phrase (x) to show how endless the music was (x) to show the beat of the music

Q9.  Any 2 of the following.  [2]

The lines, dots and crosses that have been seared into the hides of their cattle help the Fulani differentiate their cows.

They recognised their cows from the saw-like silhouette of the herd

From the way the dust billowed in the wake of its herd

From the particular gait of the bulls

Q10. (i) ‘leapt’ and ‘glaring’  [1]
(ii) To emphasise that the sun appeared in the sky in an almost sudden manner/without anyone realising it [1] and to highlight the sun rays were very strong/harsh weather conditions [1]
(x) to emphasise HOW bright/sunny/hot the sun is
(x) HOW fast it rose to the sky

Q12. (i) discovering the medley of sounds [1]
(ii) familiarising oneself with the herd [1]
(iii) getting ready for the day [1]
(iv) describing the day’s awakening [1]

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1. This path has been taken by the nomads over a long period of time and used many times over the years

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Herders and their cattle's used this path frequently in the past.

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2. 'spectres' and 'phantom'

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3. 'Ageless migration' and 'since the dawn of time'

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4. The writer used listing by stating sound after sound that they have heard before, which emphasizes the different emotions that they have developed.

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5. The nomads are playful

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6. 'incessant banter'

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The path had been there for a very long time and is very old. (ED - X)

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The words are 'spectres' and 'phantom'

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'ageless migrations'(X- careless) and 'stretched forever' (incomplete)

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The writer emphasises the myriad of emotions by listing contrasting words which juxtaposes how their emotion changes over time

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It suggests that the normads were in a joyful mood

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'incessant banter'

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The word is 'rasped'

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It suggests that the quality of the music was unclear

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It emphasises the continuous and consistent journey

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The path is old (X) and have been used by many previous herders (X)

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"Phantoms" (X - careless) and "Spectres"

the two words are "phantom" and "spectres"

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The path is used often by cattles and herders.

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the words are "phantom" and "spectres"

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The path taken by the nomads has had a long history. (of what? how so? Ambiguous)

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That the path was commonly used by many people before

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The path is very commonly used by people.

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It suggests that the path taken had been used many times before. (by who? what?)

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The words are 'spectres' and 'phantom'

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"phantom" "spectres"

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"phantom" and "spectres

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the path is taken customarily [the path is often used by nomads.]

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This path has been taken by the nomads over a long time and had been used many times over.

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"ageless migration" and "stretched forever"

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the words are 'phantom' and 'spectres'

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The writer uses the figurative language -- listing to list out the various emotions.

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'ageless migration' and 'since the dawn of time'

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'phantom' and 'spectres'.

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through the repetition of 'and' listing he emphasises the myriad of emotions.

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the sentence suggests that the nomads felt merry

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The words are 'spectres' and 'phantom'

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The phrases are 'ageless migration that stretched forever' and 'across eras and dragged'. (ED - dragged where? incomplete phrase )

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'spectres' and 'phantom'

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'since the dawn of time' and 'ageless migration'

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'since the dawn of time' and 'ageless migration'.

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"ageless migration" "since the dawn of time"

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7. (i)'rasped'
(ii) The music is low-quality

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'they seared lines and dots and crosses into the hides on their cattle with sickle-shaped branding irons.' and 'from the saw-like silhouette of the herd'

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"across eras"

"since the dawn of time"

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it suggests that the mood of the nomads were playful.

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the words are 'incessant banter'.

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The writer repeatedly used 'a sound' , repetition to emphasise the multiple aspects of the Fulani normads' experience during the migration years.

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This sentence suggests that the nomads are in a joyful mood

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The words are 'incessant banter'.

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' incessant banter '

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i) the word is "rasped"
ii) the quality of music played was low-quality

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ageless migration and repeating skillfully (no quotation marks to separate your resposnes. Second answer wrong)

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'since the dawn of time' and 'journeyed not simply across distance but across eras'. (ED -:()

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Using the cumulative listing of 'sorrow', 'hope', 'loss' and 'desire', emphasises the growing intensity and prolonged journeying that the nomads went through.

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The writer uses repetition of the word "and" to emphasise the large amount of negative emotions they feel.

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The writer emphasises the myriad of emotions by using metaphors (each step... millennia of repetition) and repetition (sound)

Repetition using the word "and".

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He emphasised the emotions of the Fulani nomads by listing the different emotions they felt as they migrated in search of resources.

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'leapt' and 'glaring'

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8. To emphasize that the music was like the nomads, travelling endlessly.

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It is to emphasise the encouragement to continue moving.

Correct ans: Attempting to replicate the repeated beat of the music

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(i) the word is 'rasped'
(ii) the quality of music is low quality.

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the writer lists out the different emotion and instead of using commas, he uses a repetition of 'and' to emphasise the great number of emotions they experienced

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(i) The word is 'bootleg'.
(ii) It had low quality.

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The writer repetitively uses the word 'and' instead of commas to emphasise the great number of emotions they felt throughout the long journey.

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It highlights the continuation of the music and that their journey has to keep going.

Correct Answer:
(Attempting to replicate the repeated beat of the music)

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11. ‘shrieking the world’s oldest birthsong: alive, alive, alive, alive’ shows the mood in the Sahel is uplifting, celebratory. shows that the pasture has been able to sustain life for a long time, making it a desirable place to settle. [1]

‘pilfer the best straw and rope from their shelters’ shows that the place gives them excellent if not the best quality materials, straw and rope, suggesting that resources were greatly desired in the land. [1]

‘pile wood and gunnysacks of blankets and clothes’ shows that they have plenty of wood, blankets and clothes which suggests that the land was craved by many nomads. [1]

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it suggests that they were in a merry mood

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They seared line and dots and crosses into the hides of the cows with sickle-shaped branding irons and recognised the saw-like silhouette of the herd.

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This suggest they feel joyful.

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The words are 'incessant banter'

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The nomads were cheerful.

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The mood between the nomads was very relaxed and mellow.

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9. Fulani nomads seared lines and dots and crosses into the hide of their cattle to identify their cows. They also identify their cows through their particular gaits.

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It is used t lift the spirits of the nomads and cheer them on to persevere.

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1. they seared lines and dots and crosses into the hides of their cattles with sickle shaped branding
2. they recognised the saw-like silhouette of the herd.

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(i) the words are 'leapt' and 'glaring'.
(ii) to emphasise the harshness and sudden appearance of the sun

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the writer wanted to emphasise how strong the sun (HOW STRONG?) was. he uses the word 'glaring' to show its intensity (Ok) and uses the word 'leapt' to  show its jarring appearance (No but v good try. idea there)

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It suggests that the nomads were in a joyful mood.

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"incessant banter"

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i)The word is 'rasped'
ii)The music is of low quality with poor clarity

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'incessant banter'

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"incessant banter"

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1. 'pilfer the best straw and rope from their shelters' this shows that the material used for their shelter was of the highest quality and they desired it so much that they would steal from it.
2. 'low crowns of acacia' ' allow farmers a turn with the land' this shows that the land was popular and desired amongst by farmers as fauna and floral are able to thrive there, allowing their own crops too as well.

*R --> coveted

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to show emphasis on what their goal was.

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They seared lines and dots and crosses into the hides of their cattle with sickle-shaped branding irons, they aso recognised their livestocks from the saw-like silhouette of the herd

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1. Symbols seared into the nomads of the cattle. (What symbols?)
2. Saw-like silhouette of the herd. (Ok)

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'then day crashed into the sahel in a crescendo of birds' the word ' crescendo' shows the lively hood of the atmosphere created by the creature on its land, suggesting that the land was desirable
'pilfer the best straw' shows that the quality of the straw is very high that people would steal them suggesting that resources were greatly desired in the land.
'gunnysacks of blankets and clothes' the word 'gunnysacks' shows that there are many resources the land could provide for people that they needed very big bags to carry off their items. this suggests that the land was craved by many

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(i) The words are 'leapt' and glaring'. (1m)
(ii) To emphasise the sun's sudden appearance and intensity. (1m ^^)

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(i) 'rasped'

(ii) The music was ear-grating.

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'incessant banter'

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"rasped"

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i)The words are 'leapt' and 'glaring' (1m)
ii)To emphasise the brightness of the sun (1m)^^

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(i) discovering the medley of sounds
(ii) familiarising oneself with the herd
(iii) getting ready for the day
(iv) describing the day's awakening

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(i) 'leapt' and 'glaring' .
(ii) To show the human-like aspects of the sun rising and setting.

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The Sahel provides a lot of resources for the Fulani nomads to live there.

(idk)

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It suggests that the quality of the music is harsh and unclear (harsh: ED)

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(i) 'rasped'
(ii) The quality of the music played was of low quality.

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They feel encouraged by the words 'go on' from the music.

He wanted to mimic the beat of the music.