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PBS is a key component of the federal government, PBS has been evolving since 1948 when the government provided lifesaving and disease-prevention medication. Their aim was to provide essential medicines to people who needed them, even if they have the ability to pay. The government pays the remaining cost, the costs are adjusted each year. PBS makes Pharmacies provide essential medicines in a affordable price.

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How does the PBS promote health and wellbeing and health status in Australia?

PBS can promote health and wellbeing for mental health cause it causes them to be having less stress/anxiety while purchasing medicine, cause PBS does make different type of medicines more affordable. This can reduce morbidity as it does reduce them from suffering from a disease or medical condition.

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The disadvantages of private health insuranc

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The disadvantages of private health insuranc

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Costly in terms of the premiums that have to be paid

• Sometimes have a ‘gap’, which means the insurance

doesn’t cover the whole fee and the individual must

pay the difference

• Qualifying periods apply for some conditions (such as

pregnancy)

• Policies can be complex to understand and so create

confusion for the average person

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NATIONAL DISABILITY INSURANCE SCHEME (NDIS)

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NATIONAL DISABILITY INSURANCE SCHEME (NDIS)

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The NDIS is a national insurance scheme that provides services and support for people with permanent, significant disabilities, and their families and carers. It is funded by the federal and state/territory governments.

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The advantages of private health and insurance 

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The advantages of private health and insurance 

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Be able to access to private hospital care

Have a choice of doctor while in public or private hospital

Shorter waiting time, such as surgerys

Depending on the level of cover purchased,

services such as dental, chiropractic, physiotherapy,

optometry and dietetics could be paid for

• Helps to keep the costs of operating Medicare under

control

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Private hospital cover

General treatment cover (such as dental, physiotherapy and

Combined cover — both hospital and general treatment cover

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As an insurance scheme, NDIS take a lifetime approach, investing in people with disability early to improve their health and wellbeing, by 2021 NDIS was supporting more than 420000 Australians with disability.

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Access mainstream services and supports: these are the services available for Australian people such as doctors or teachers through the health and education system. It also covers areas such as public housing and justice and aged care system. The NDIS provides information and assists participants in accessing such services.

Access community services and supports: these are activities and services available to everyone in a community, such as sports clubs, community groups. These services are for who wants to connect socially.

Maintain informal support arrangements: this is the help that people get from family or friends. It is support people don’t pay for.

Receive reasonable and necessary funded supports: the NDIS can pay for supports that are reasonable and necessary. These means they are related to a person’s disability. Funding is provided for assistive technology such as a mobility cane, nonslip , bathmat….

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If the age, residency and disability requirements are met. the NDIS is developing an individual plan, the plan is based on individual’s goal and aspiration, this includes independency in doing daily tasks, or community involvement or employment issue. The plan also identifies support needed to pursue goals, and how they want manage their plan overtime. The NDIS provides information to help participants make these choices and design an individualised plan that is right for each person.

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Medicare is Australia’s universal health insurance scheme. Established in 1984 and administered by the Federal

Government Medicare gives all Australians, permanent residents and people from countries with a reciprocal agreement (New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and Norway) access to healthcare.

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You have a condition that is permanent or like to be lifelong

Your impairment reduces or your ability to   participate effectively in activities, or you need assistance to perform daily activities i.e. taking a shower, cooking…

You have assistive technology or equipment.

Your impairment affects your social life

You are likely to require support under the NDIS for your lifetime.

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To be eligible for NDIS, one must meet the age, residency and disability requirements.

The age requirement to be eligible for NDIS must be under 65. To meet the residency requirement, they must live in Australia and be an Australian citizen or holder of permanent visa or a Protected special category visa.

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How does the PBS promote equity (fairness)?

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How does the PBS promote equity (fairness)?

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Explaining what the PBS safety net means and also an example:

PBS safety net further protects individuals and families from large overall expenses for PBS - listed medicines.

The concessional co-payment amount provides greater assistance to those who are unemployed or on low incomes.

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The services that not covered by Medicare

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The services that not covered by Medicare

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home nursing care or treatment

ambulance services most allied health services (unless referred by a GP or carried out in a public hospital).

most dental examinations and treatment. Although some children aged 2–17 can qualify for Medicare-funded dental care, most individuals are responsible for meeting their own costs associated with dental healthcare.

most costs associated with private hospital care. Medicare will pay 75 per cent of the schedule fee for treatment in private hospitals but will not contribute to accommodation and other costs.

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The services that are covered by medicare

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The services that are covered by medicare

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- Doctor and specialist consultations
- Dental services for some children under the child dental benefits scheme
-  Pathology such as blood and urine tests

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No choice of doctor for in-hospital treatment.

Waiting lists for many treatments

Does not cover alternative therapies.

Often does not cover the full amount of doctor's visit

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The medicare safety net? How does this promotes equity (fairness)?

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The medicare safety net? How does this promotes equity (fairness)?

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Individuals who incur significant out-of-pocket expenses for Medicare services are covered by the Medicare Safety Net. As soon as an individual or family has contributed a certain amount to Medicare services ($470 in 2019), the government will provide further financial assistance, making Medicare services cheaper.

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Available to all Australian citizens

Choice of doctor for out-of-hospital services

Reciprocal agreement between Australia and other countries allows Australian citizens to access free healthcare in selected countries

Covers tests and examinations, doctors’ and specialists’ fees (schedule fee only), and some procedures such as X-rays and eye tests.

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Private health insurance is a type of insurance under which members pay a premium (or fee) in return for

payment towards health-related costs not covered by Medicare. It is an optional form of health insurance that

can be purchased in addition to Medicare.

Gold – covers the most categories of hospital treatment

• Silver – covers the second most categories of hospital treatment

• Bronze – covers the second fewest categories of hospital treatment

Basic – covers the fewest categories of hospital treatment.

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Explain how the PBS promotes access for all Australians:

The Australian citizens and permanent residents are entitled to access subsidised medicines through the PBS. PBS promotes access to essential medicines for low income earners by including a concessional co-payment amount.