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Kids learn about the civilization and history of ancient Greece including the government, philosophy, science, Athens, Sparta, daily life, people, art, architecture, theater, and mythology. Educational articles for students, schools, and teachers.

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Kids learn about the city-states of Ancient Greece. Powerful cities such as Corinth, Thebes, Argos, and Rhodes.

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Greek Mythology for Kids | What is mythology? Learn all about Greek mythology

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Ancient Greece | Educational Videos for Kids

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Kids learn about the Government of Ancient Greece. The history of this world civilization.

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Kids learn about Greek Mythology and the gods, goddesses, and heroes of Mount Olympus including Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Aphrodite, the Titans, Heracles, Achilles, Apollo, Artemis, and fun facts.

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Use this link to complete the Drama and Theater portion to complete the Achievements box.

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Kids learn about the drama and theater of Ancient Greece including tragedies, comedies, costumes, masks, actors, special effects, famous playwrights, and fun facts.

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History >>Art History

TheAncient Greeks became known for their perfection in art. During the classical era they developed their own style that historians would later call the Severe Style.

Periods of Greek Art

Archaic Period: The Greeks from the Archaic Period made sculptures of men called Kouroi and women called Korai. These statues had similar features and stood stiffly with their arms at their sides.

Classical Period: During the Classical Period, Greek artists began to sculpt people in more relaxed postures and even in action scenes. The most famous works from this era include the statue of Zeus at Olympia and the statue of Athena at Parthenos.

The statue of Athena at Parthenos
Photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen

Hellenistic Period: After Alexander the Great conquered much of Asia, the sculpture and artwork of the Greeks became influenced by the cultures and people they had conquered. This period is called the Hellenistic Period. This period saw new subjects including women, children, and common people appear in Greek art. Famous works from this era include the Venus de Milo, the Dying Gaul, and the Winged Victory of Samothrace.

Winged Victory of Samothrace
Photo by Adrian Pingstone

Greek Sculpture

Greek sculpture was meant to show perfection. They wanted to create lifelike images of near perfect humans. Unlike the Romans, the Greeks never showed human imperfections in their art.

Greek Columns

Greek Architecture was intertwined with their art. A big part of their architecture was their columns. The Greek columns have been used in western architecture for the past 2500 years.

In Greek Architecture there were three main types of columns that were used: The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. See below for examples.

Doric Column

Ionic Column

Corinthian Column
Source: Encyclopedie vol. 18

Greek Painting

Written record shows that the Greeks enjoyed painting and that it was one of their most important types of art. However, very few of their paintings have survived as they were painted on wood panels or walls which have since been destroyed.

Pottery

One place where Greek painting did survive was on pottery and ceramics. We can tell from the intricate detail and quality of work that the Greeks were very talented painters.

Vase by Unknown

A shoulder Lekythos by Unknown

Legacy

Greek art and architecture had a significant influence over western art for thousands of years to come. Much of Roman art and architecture was borrowed from the Greeks. Later, the artists of theRenaissance were inspired by the work of Greek artists.

Interesting Facts about Ancient Greek Art

Many of the original Greek sculptures were painted in bright colors and often included elements other than stone such as metal and ivory.

The painting of pottery was considered a high art form. The artists often signed their work.

The most famous of the Greek sculptors was Phidias. He was the artistic director of the Parthenon.

The Greeks used the lost-wax process to make bronze statues. This made it easy to make multiple copies of a statue.

Activities

Take a ten question quiz about this page.

Listen to a recorded reading of this page:

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For more about Ancient Greece:

Works Cited

History >>Art History >> Ancient Greece for Kids

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Kids learn about Ancient Greek Art. Study the classic sculptures of this great civilization.

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Kids learn about the Olympic games of Ancient Greece. The history of this world civilization.

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This is just an extra video on the arts of Ancient Greece! It's a quick video and worth the watch!

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180 Seconds of Art History - Episode 2: Crash Course on Ancient Greece

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This is a source from Weebly, that could be used for Athens Geography!

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Ancient Athens, the center of art and learning

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Athens is surrounded by mountains: Aigaleo to the west, Parnes to the north, Pentelikon to the northeast, and Hymettus to the east. These mountains formed natural barriers against invaders as they…

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This website names other gods and goddesses that were worshipped in Athens, besides Athena.

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The other gods of the Acropolis | Acropolis Museum | Official website

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The Acropolis Museum, one of the most important museums in the world, houses the findings of only one archaeological site, the Athenian Acropolis and its slopes. The masterpieces that form its collection offer a comprehensive overview of the character and historical course of the site that became a global landmark of both the ancient and the modern world.

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This Ducksters can be used for Spartan Society/social classes.

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Kids learn about the city of Sparta from Ancient Greece. A warrior society where all male citizens were soldiers.

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This Ducksters talks about the height of Athenian politics and mention some religion (other gods and goddesses).

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This is a long one, but is a great start to some big figures that changed the world! If you need help dissecting this one, I am happy to help!

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This has a little bit of everything in it, but will get you started on what made up Athenian society (their heirarchy).

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The City of Athens

The city of Athens is one of the oldest cities in the world.

During ancient Greek times the city was the center of knowledge and culture.

Athens has a recorded history that dates back more than 3,000 years.

The ancient Greeks who lived in Athens invented many ideas and concepts like new theater, philosophies, art, architecture, and the city gave birth to a new political idea named democracy.

Each city-state in ancient Greece believed there were specific gods that protected them from harm.

The city of Athens was no different and is named after the goddess Athena.

This goddess was viewed as the patron of the city. She was powerful in wisdom, war, and creating civilization.

Government systems

Ancient Athens was ruled by an assortment of different political systems.

At times kings ruled and other times oligarchs or councils of powerful wealthy men ruled.

They were even ruled by tyrants at one point.

But for almost 100 years Athens was ruled by the people themselves with a new form of government named democracy.

Democracy was the creation of Cleisthenes who is known as the Father of Democracy.

This new political system put the people directly in charge of new laws, taxes, public projects, and government officials.

Democracy took place at the Assembly which was held on the slopes of hills.

During the Assembly any Athenian citizen could speak in favor or against a law, idea, or government official.

For an Assembly to take affect there needed to be at least 6,000 participates in the Assembly to vote.

Voting was restricted to male Athenian citizens over the age of 18 years old.

Women, slaves, and outsiders could not vote in the Assembly.

The Agora

Athens contained an area within the city known as the agora.

This was the main area for commerce and government.

The agora was a large open area or square encircled by buildings.

The buildings ranged from temples to gods like Hephaestus, Apollo, and Zeus.

There were also government buildings like the Mint where coins were made and military leaders met within the Strategeion where they planned out their war campaigns.

The agora is also where democracy took a foot hold. Citizens would gather in agora to not only buy and trade goods but to talk about new ideas, projects, and government officials.

The Acropolis

One of the most important places in Athens is the Acropolis.

Located on a hill in the center of the city, the Acropolis was originally constructed with stone walls and used as a fortress or citadel.

The Acropolis provided a secure area within the city for people to retreat within during times of attack by enemies.

The Acropolis was also home to the Parthenon which was constructed during the Golden Age of Athens under Pericles.

This large structure was devoted to the goddess Athena and the Parthenon was used to store the cities gold. There are other temples on the Acropolis too such as temples dedicated to Athena, Erchteum, and Nike.

Theaters

Theater was an important part of Athenian lifestyle.

Huge amphitheaters were constructed that offered perfect acoustics and sight lines from every seat in the venue.

The ancient Greeks invented two types of new theater in comedy and tragedy.

There were festivals in Athens and playwrights would hold contests to see who wrote the best plays.

The largest theater constructed is on the slopes of the Acropolis and named the Theater of Dionysus, the god of wine, celebration and the patron god of theater.

The theater was huge and could hold 25,000 people.

Residents of Athens

The residents of Athens were composed of citizens, slaves, and non-citizens or foreigners.

Originally a citizen of Athens had to be a free male born to a father who was a citizen of Athens.

This was changed under Pericles and free males needed both their mom and father to be citizens when born.

Male citizens had more rights than female citizens in Athens. For instance, everyone had a right to stand trial but only male citizens could vote, own a business and land.

Slaves made up around 25% of the population in ancient Athens.

Slaves were mainly people captured during times of war with neighboring city-states.

They performed a variety of jobs in Athens from baking bread to making textiles to weaving cloth.

The children in Athens were generally better educated than in other city-states in ancient Greece.

Boys attended school to learn how to read and write, play musical instruments like the lyre, and they memorized poetry.

They were able to study drama and public speaking too. Wealthier sons went on to learn science, art, politics, and government work.

Girls in Athens stayed at home and learned how to be a good homemaker.

They would learn how to cook, make clothing, and run a household for a family.

Females in Athens were not allowed to leave the house without the permission of their father, husband or the eldest male in the household.

The Golden Age of Pericles

The golden Age of Pericles in Athens is important.

Pericles was a great ruler voted in by the people.

He constructed the Parthenon and many new buildings as well as theaters.

He was a champion for new architecture, art projects, and education.

Pericles would die during the Plague of Athens in 429 B.C.E.

Facts about the City of Athens

Athens has a written history that dates back more than 3,000 years making it one of the oldest cities in the world.

Athens was named after the patron goddess of the city Athena. Her symbols are an owl and olive branch.

The agora was a large open market area where people gathered to trade and buy goods as well as talk about ideas and politics. Democracy was also invented within the agora.

The most well-known building in Athens is the Parthenon which was dedicated to the goddess Athena.

The Acropolis in Athens sits atop a hill and was originally constructed as a fortress or citadel where residents could go during a time of attack.

The Assembly is where Athenian citizens would practice a new form of government called Democracy.

The Theater of Dionysus could hold up to 25,000 guests and offered perfect sight lines and acoustics.

Only male citizens in Athens were allowed to vote in the Assembly.

FAQ's
What is ancient Athens famous for?
Ancient Athens was the birth place of a new form of government called Democracy. This type of government allowed the people to vote for important projects, laws, and government officials. Athens is also famous for its intellectual aspects like philosophy and science.
How did Athens get its name?
Each city-state in ancient Greece was protected by one or two gods or goddesses. Athens is named after the goddess Athena. She was the goddess of wisdom, war, and creating civilization. Her symbols are an owl and olive branch.
When was the Golden Age of Athens?
The Golden Age of Athens took place in the 5 th century B.C.E. under the leadership of Pericles. He was a champion for the arts, theater, and public projects like building the Parthenon.
What is the Acropolis in Athens?
The Acropolis is a hill in the center of the city that is home to several important structures. The Acropolis is where you will find the Parthenon, the Theater of Dionysus, and numerous temples to gods and goddesses like Athena, Nike, and Erchteum.

What did you learn?

What is the most important idea that was invented in Athens?

Democracy

Which goddesses is the Parthenon dedicated to?

Athena

Where did citizens of Athens go to vote?

The Assembly

Who was the ruler of Athens during the Golden Age?

Pericles

What percentage of the population in ancient Athens were slaves?

25%

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The city of Athens is one of the oldest cities in the world. During ancient Greek times the city was the center of knowledge and culture. Athens has a recorded history that dates back more than 3,000 years. The ancient Greeks who lived in Athens invented many ideas and concepts like new theater, philosophies, art, ...

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This is a small article from PBS.org that gives an overview of Spartan politics

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These men were recruited from the highest social class, the aristocratic Spartiates. Rather like medieval knights, the Spartiates were a class of military professionals who lived most of their lives in communal barracks. Rarely seeing their wives and children, their lands were farmed by slaves, leaving them free to pursue to the arts of war.

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This covers the majority of Spartan geography and gives some good positives!

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Sparta is a city in Greece. It is the capital of the Laconia prefecture. It is in the south of Peloponnese peninsula. During antiquity, it was extremely powerful. Today, it is a small city. 16,726 people lived there according to the 2001 census. The word Spartan is used to describe somebody who lives a simple life or somebody who suffered a lot without crying or showing that they suffered. It can also mean a life of simplicity, without anything fancy or costly.

Sparta is in the mountainous region of Laconia. This is in the south-east of the Peloponnese. Ancient Sparta was built on the banks of the Evrotas River. The river flows through a valley with mountains on each side. To the west is the Taygetus Range (highest point 2407 m) and to the east is the Parnon Range (highest point 1935 m). Because the ancient Spartans had such good natural defenses, they did not need city walls. Sparta was known greatly for their military. They were one of the greatest military powers of their time.

Characteristics

Sparta was a city-state with a very strong army and a government that was well led. Sparta was known as one of the strongest city-states in Greece. Only the strongest survived in Sparta, male or female. The Spartans killed weak children. If they believed that a baby was too weak, they left it out to die of exposure beside a slope on Mount Taygetus. This place was called the Apothetae, which meant 'the place of rejection'.

Young Spartans boys were taken from their homes at the age of seven to begin a military life. The Spartans became soldiers at age 20, citizens at age 30, and retired at age 60. Men trained hard to become warriors of the Spartan army. Women were encouraged to keep healthy so that they could produce healthy, fit babies to grow up to be strong. Spartans saw little moral value in the concept of childbirth; unless the child was fit to become a Spartan, he would die.

Government

Sparta had a government with checks and balances. The executive branch was led by two kings. The legislative branch was led by the citizens. and the judicial branch was controlled by the elders. There was also a committee of five men who were in charge of the education process that young boys and girls went through. Boys and girls were taken from their parents at the age of 7. Boys went to live in barracks with other boys their age. Girls went to school to learn gymnastics, wrestling, and other activities.

Laconophilia

Laconophilia is love or liking of Sparta and of the Spartan culture. Sparta was often admired when it ruled. Long ago, "Many of the noblest and best of the Athenians always considered (thought) the Spartan state nearly as an ideal theory realised in practice". Many Greek philosophers, especially Platonists, would often describe Sparta as a good state, strong, brave, and free.

Sparta was also seen as a model of social purity by Revolutionary and Napoleonic France.

Spartan men married when they were 30 years old. Plutarch writes of the strange custom of the Spartans for their wedding night:

The custom was to capture women for marriage...The...' bridesmaid' took charge of the captured girl. She first shaved her head...then dressed her in a man's cloak and sandals, and laid her down alone on a mattress in the dark. The bridegroom...first had dinner...then would slip in...lift her and carry her to the bed.

The husband kept on visiting his wife in secret for some time after the marriage. Only Spartans did these customs. Some people think that the cutting off of the wife's hair was a ceremony that showed she was going into a new life.

Images for kids

Hollow Lacedaemon. Site of the Menelaion, the ancient shrine to Helen and Menelaus constructed in the Bronze Age city that stood on the hill of Therapne on the left bank of the Eurotas River overlooking the future site of Dorian Sparta. Across the valley the successive ridges of Mount Taygetus are in evidence.

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Sparta is a city in Greece. It is the capital of the Laconia prefecture. It is in the south of Peloponnese peninsula. During antiquity, it was extremely powerful. Today, it is a small city. 16,726 people lived there according to the 2001 census.

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When you use this, use the transcript! If you need help, just call me over!

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Sparta is a city in Greece. It is the capital of the Laconia prefecture. It is in the south of Peloponnese peninsula. During antiquity, it was extremely powerful. Today, it is a small city. 16,726 people lived there according to the 2001 census. The word Spartan is used to describe somebody who lives a simple life or somebody who suffered a lot without crying or showing that they suffered. It can also mean a life of simplicity, without anything fancy or costly.

Sparta is in the mountainous region of Laconia. This is in the south-east of the Peloponnese. Ancient Sparta was built on the banks of the Evrotas River. The river flows through a valley with mountains on each side. To the west is the Taygetus Range (highest point 2407 m) and to the east is the Parnon Range (highest point 1935 m). Because the ancient Spartans had such good natural defenses, they did not need city walls. Sparta was known greatly for their military. They were one of the greatest military powers of their time.

Characteristics

Sparta was a city-state with a very strong army and a government that was well led. Sparta was known as one of the strongest city-states in Greece. Only the strongest survived in Sparta, male or female. The Spartans killed weak children. If they believed that a baby was too weak, they left it out to die of exposure beside a slope on Mount Taygetus. This place was called the Apothetae, which meant 'the place of rejection'.

Young Spartans boys were taken from their homes at the age of seven to begin a military life. The Spartans became soldiers at age 20, citizens at age 30, and retired at age 60. Men trained hard to become warriors of the Spartan army. Women were encouraged to keep healthy so that they could produce healthy, fit babies to grow up to be strong. Spartans saw little moral value in the concept of childbirth; unless the child was fit to become a Spartan, he would die.

Government

Sparta had a government with checks and balances. The executive branch was led by two kings. The legislative branch was led by the citizens. and the judicial branch was controlled by the elders. There was also a committee of five men who were in charge of the education process that young boys and girls went through. Boys and girls were taken from their parents at the age of 7. Boys went to live in barracks with other boys their age. Girls went to school to learn gymnastics, wrestling, and other activities.

Laconophilia

Laconophilia is love or liking of Sparta and of the Spartan culture. Sparta was often admired when it ruled. Long ago, "Many of the noblest and best of the Athenians always considered (thought) the Spartan state nearly as an ideal theory realised in practice". Many Greek philosophers, especially Platonists, would often describe Sparta as a good state, strong, brave, and free.

Sparta was also seen as a model of social purity by Revolutionary and Napoleonic France.

Spartan men married when they were 30 years old. Plutarch writes of the strange custom of the Spartans for their wedding night:

The custom was to capture women for marriage...The...' bridesmaid' took charge of the captured girl. She first shaved her head...then dressed her in a man's cloak and sandals, and laid her down alone on a mattress in the dark. The bridegroom...first had dinner...then would slip in...lift her and carry her to the bed.

The husband kept on visiting his wife in secret for some time after the marriage. Only Spartans did these customs. Some people think that the cutting off of the wife's hair was a ceremony that showed she was going into a new life.

Images for kids

Hollow Lacedaemon. Site of the Menelaion, the ancient shrine to Helen and Menelaus constructed in the Bronze Age city that stood on the hill of Therapne on the left bank of the Eurotas River overlooking the future site of Dorian Sparta. Across the valley the successive ridges of Mount Taygetus are in evidence.

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Sparta is a city in Greece. It is the capital of the Laconia prefecture. It is in the south of Peloponnese peninsula. During antiquity, it was extremely powerful. Today, it is a small city. 16,726 people lived there according to the 2001 census.

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This is from History.com, it covers daily life, society, and military!

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Sparta Life

Sparta, also known as Lacedaemon, was an ancient Greek city-state located primarily in a region of southern Greece called Laconia. The population of Sparta consisted of three main groups: the Spartans, or Spartiates, who were full citizens; the Helots, or serfs/slaves; and the Perioeci, who were neither slaves nor citizens. The Perioeci, whose name means "dwellers-around," worked as craftsmen and traders, and made weapons for the Spartans.

Did you know? The word "spartan" means self-restrained, simple, frugal and austere. The word laconic, which means pithy and concise, is derived from the Spartans, who prized brevity of speech.

All healthy male Spartan citizens participated in the compulsory state-sponsored education system, the Agoge, which emphasized obedience, endurance, courage and self-control. Spartan men devoted their lives to military service, and lived communally well into adulthood. A Spartan was taught that loyalty to the state came before everything else, including one's family.

The Helots, whose name means "captives," were fellow Greeks, originally from Laconia and Messenia, who had been conquered by the Spartans and turned into slaves. The Spartans' way of life would not have been possible without the Helots, who handled all the day-to-day tasks and unskilled labor required to keep society functioning: They were farmers, domestic servants, nurses and military attendants.

Spartans, who were outnumbered by the Helots, often treated them brutally and oppressively in an effort to prevent uprisings. Spartans would humiliate the Helots by doing such things as forcing them to get debilitatingly drunk on wine and then make fools of themselves in public. (This practice was also intended to demonstrate to young people how an adult Spartan should never act, as self-control was a prized trait.) Methods of mistreatment could be far more extreme: Spartans were allowed to kill Helots for being too smart or too fit, among other reasons.

The Spartan Military

Unlike such Greek city-states as Athens - a center for the arts, learning and philosophy - Sparta was centered on a warrior culture. Male Spartan citizens were allowed only one occupation: soldier. Indoctrination into this lifestyle began early.

Spartan boys started their military training at age 7, when they left home and entered the Agoge. The boys lived communally under austere conditions. They were subjected to continual physical, competitions (which could involve violence), given meager rations and expected to become skilled at stealing food, among other survival skills.

The teenage boys who demonstrated the most leadership potential were selected for participation in the Crypteia, which acted as a secret police force whose primary goal was to terrorize the general Helot population and murder those who were troublemakers. At age 20, Spartan males became full-time soldiers, and remained on active duty until age 60.

Spartan Armor, Shield and Helmet

No one soldier was considered superior to another. Going into battle, a Spartan soldier, or hoplite, wore a large bronze helmet, breastplate and ankle guards, and carried a round shield made of bronze and wood, a long spear and sword. Spartan warriors were also known for their long hair and red cloaks.

The Spartans' constant military drilling and discipline made them skilled at the ancient Greek style of fighting in a phalanx formation. In the phalanx, the army worked as a unit in a close, deep formation, and made coordinated mass maneuvers.

Spartan Women

Spartan women had a reputation for being independent-minded, and enjoyed more freedoms and power than their counterparts throughout ancient Greece. While they played no role in the military, female Spartans often received a formal education, although separate from boys and not at boarding schools.

In part to attract mates, females engaged in athletic competitions, including javelin-throwing and wrestling, and also sang and danced competitively. As adults, Spartan women were allowed to own and manage property. Additionally, they were typically unencumbered by domestic responsibilities such as cooking, cleaning and making clothing, tasks which were handled by the Helots.

Marriage was important to Spartans, as the state put pressure on people to have male children who would grow up to become citizen-warriors, and to replace those who died in battle. Men who delayed marriage were publicly shamed, while those who fathered multiple sons could be rewarded.

In preparation for marriage, Spartan women had their heads shaved; they kept their hair short after they wed. Married couples typically lived apart, as men under 30 were required to continue residing in communal barracks. In order to see their wives during this time, husbands had to sneak away at night.

Decline of the Spartans

In 371 B.C., Sparta suffered a catastrophic defeat at the hands of the Thebans at the Battle of Leuctra. In a further blow, late the following year, Theban general Epaminondas (c.418 B.C.-362B.C.) led an invasion into Spartan territory and oversaw the liberation of the Messenian Helots, who had been enslaved by the Spartans for several centuries.

The Spartans would continue to exist, although as a second-rate power in a long period of decline. In 1834, Otto (1815-67), the king of Greece, ordered the founding of the modern-day town of Sparti on the site of ancient Sparta.

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Sparta: Definition, Greece & Peloponnesian War - HISTORY

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Sparta was a military city-state in ancient Greece that achieved regional power after Spartan warriors won the Peloponnesian War against the rival city of Athens.

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Go right to the transcript, and Spartan economy is right at the top! If you need help, just call me over!

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Ancient Sparta: Economy & Trade - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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Ancient Sparta had a robust economy and trade industry. Learn more about the Spartan economy that was heavily reliant on both agricultural…