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Represents Mexicans who live in Texas - gabriela

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Represents Mexican Americans who live in the United States

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To be in conflict.

Subcultures/Countercultures that challenge the mainstream and its cultural norms.

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People of African descent living in Latin America and the Caribbean

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Race, nation, gender

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psychological phenomenon that is intrinsically tied to human experience

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humans have free will, reasoning

what makes humans different from animals

having a soul makes people equal

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It portrays all women but specifically transgender women and their nightlife experience in Brazil. You could see that throughout the costumes and settings. It plays into different experiences of women who have experience sexual abuse. It also talks about the message of nurturing and uplifting women up. This goes by speaking up and caring for other women. - Gabriela

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people have very strong feelings and feel the need to show them to the world through art and music

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Humans have a natural tendency to harbor bias and desire to subject others to power structures that favor themselves.

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racism is the belief that humans can be divided into separate and exclusive biological entities called “races”

Racism is considered prejudice discriminations, or antagonism directed against against someone of a different race based on the that one’s own race is superior.

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The reading talks about how listening in detail allows people to remember the little moments of their culture. This is very common for people who have immigrated and assimilated to American culture. Listening in details to songs from your culture allows you to reconnect with that.

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The categorical logic of modernity allows gender inequality to persist. Lugones argues that society must overcome the perception that women occupy an additional category.

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Decolonizing views are outlooks that reflect on the impacts of colonization. Colonization can be oppression in terms of economic, political, cultural, gender, societal norms.

These views help voice the expression in the community through various art, music, and literature interpretations.

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Afro-Latinos/as are misrepresented as light-skinned and easygoing villagers.

The appropriation of Black aesthetics was used to appeal to Western beauty standards and ideals, as America sought economic and political ties with Latin America.

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The ability of Chusmas to make space for themselves to exist.

Negative attitudes around non-normativity are turned around to create an alternative reality.

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"Muñeca" is a powerful Afro-Peruvian poem and song by Nicomedes Santa Cruz that criticizes the standards of beauty in society and the objectification of individuals, especially women, into their physical appearance. The metaphor in this piece is about a "doll" or muñeca, which is a lifeless ideal of beauty imposed by society. - Gabriela P.

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"Yo Perreo Sola" by Bad Bunny is a breakthrough in reggaeton that fights against stereotypes in the roles of women and men and shows women's independence and self-empowerment. The title, translating as "I Twerk Alone," was an act of independence; the lyrics make it clear a woman can dance, enjoy herself, and exist independent of men's attention or affirmation. Lines like "Que ningún baboso se le pegue" ("So no creep tries to stick to her") reflect a strong message against harassment and objectification, claiming women's agency in social and personal spaces. Bad Bunny's decision to center female empowerment in a genre often critiqued for its machismo adds a bold and transformative dimension to the song. - Gabriela

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"Las Malandrinas" by Jenni Rivera is a bold and unapologetic anthem that celebrates female independence, resilience, and camaraderie. The song captures the spirit of women who live life on their own terms, unapologetically embracing their strength and defying societal expectations. Rivera's lyrics reflect themes of empowerment and loyalty among women, with lines such as "Somos las malandrinas, las que no piden permiso" ("We are the bad girls, the ones who don't ask for permission") displaying defiance and pride. The song resonates as a celebration of women's agency, particularly within the traditionally male-dominated world of regional Mexican music. - Gabriela P.

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Performance in art/music is imperative to capture the audience and relay the "correct" message that the performer chooses pass on. It is a powerful way to understand how race, gender, and sexuality shape and influence society through expression. For example using dramatic gestures and movements or tone and frequency can better paint a message and clarify key points as well as emotions.

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Neoliberalism is an economic and political idea that supports that art can be prioritized based on monetary value rather than cultural significance or expression. This causes artists to be more market oriented with their "expression". It globally connects to capitalism.

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Challenges perceptions of female purity, virginity, maternity by representing femininity as hypersexual and undisciplined. Racialized as dark skinned, in contrast to light skin which is perceived as well behaved.