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Sheikh Abdullah Al Salem Cultural Centre

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Sheikh Abdullah Al Salem Cultural Centre

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Location: Kuwait City, Kuwait

Architect Name: Zahraa Al-Mahdi

Date Built: 2018

Typology: Cultural Centre and Museum Complex

Social Value: One of the biggest museum complexes in the world, the cultural centre offers educational and cultural experiences that honour technology, science, art, and natural history. In Kuwait, it has emerged as a major hub for education and community involvement.

The Sheikh Abdullah Al Salem Cultural Centre is my choice because it combines cultural relevance with contemporary design. It acts as a centre for culture and education, bringing together a variety of exhibitions that stimulate curiosity and learning.

The Three Core Issues that Make This a Modern Building:

Innovative Architecture: The center's design incorporates state-of-the-art structural elements and materials to give it a modern appearance while supporting a range of cultural events.

Sustainability: To reduce its environmental impact, the building incorporates eco-friendly techniques, such as energy-efficient systems and sustainable materials.

Community Engagement: The facility offers instructive and engaging experiences, fostering an environment that promotes education, discovery, and cross-cultural interaction.

Name of Student: Zaid Almutairi

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Name:Guangzhou Opera House

Location:Zhujiang New Town West Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China

Designer:Zaha Hadid

Type:Public Building -Performing artsbuilding - Theatre

Time line: The design began in 2003. Construction began in 2005. Completed in 2010.

Social value: After its completion, Guangzhou Grand Theatre has become a cultural landmark of Guangzhou and even China. Zaha uses its unique design style and high-tech building technology to show the integration of Chinese culture and world architectural design. At the beginning of the 21st century, it has brought extremely avant-garde artistic architectural works to the Chinese public, especially the citizens of Guangzhou. The theater also promotes the economic development of the Zhujiang New Town area.

The reasons: 1. Zaha Hadid is one of my favorite architects. She was the first female designer to win the Pritzker Prize. She can be regarded as one of the most representative female designers in the architectural design industry. I really like her design style and approach. Zaha's more characteristic streamlined design was used in the design of Guangzhou Grand Theatre. With a bold use of space and geometry, the polygonal lines in the building define areas and regions within the Opera House, cutting dramatic canyons inside and outside. At that time, it was already extremely avant-garde design and concept, and even today, it is still in the front of the world's architectural design. I love Zaha's play with space. There are not too many gorgeous decorations in her design, and there is no classical prosperity. She uses minimal lines and extremely subtle division of space to create this work of art.

2.Zaha's inspiration for the Guangzhou Grand Theatre project is also quite unexpected. The design language of the entire building is "rounded double gravel", and its image is the erosion effect of smooth pebbles in the two streams, fully integrated with the Pearl River. Like the smooth pebbles eroded in the stream, the perfect harmony with the location of the river, the unique shape is full of whimsy.

3. Many new design techniques are used in Guangzhou Grand Theatre. By cutting the space, Zaha makes the building and nature fully interactive, allowing natural light to penetrate into the building. GFRC units are used inside the auditorium to continue the fluidity and seamless architectural language. Guangzhou Grand Theatre has no vertical columns, no vertical walls, the use of irregular geometric shape design, resulting in the appearance of the "stone" is twisted and tilted, only the outer surface has 64 faces, 41 corners and 104 edges. Through the numbers, you can feel how genius Zaha's design style and approach is. Not using vertical columns is out of the realm of traditional architectural design and structure.

Core of issues:1.The Guangzhou Grand Theatre is known for its unique streamlined structure and unconventional geometric shapes. This streamlined design has stood in the opposite of traditional architecture, breaking the convention. Its design adopts the concept of "river and rock", and the shape of the theater is like a washed pebble, reflecting the perfect combination of nature and modern technology.

2.The Guangzhou Grand Theatre uses a number of cutting-edge building technologies, including a large glass curtain wall, a complex combination of steel and concrete, and high-precision computer-aided design (CAD) and construction techniques. The biggest feature of Zaha's design is the use of stone to form these irregular facades, and the use of gaps between the stones for drainage. The application of these technologies not only ensures the unique shape of the building, but also enhances its engineering feasibility.

3.As one of the important landmarks of Guangzhou's cultural development, Guangzhou Grand Theatre is not only a building, but also the cultural name card of Guangzhou. Its completion provides Guangzhou with a place for high-end art performance and cultural exchange, while strengthening the modern image of Guangzhou as an international metropolis with modern architecture.

Post by Weihang Li

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Location: Suzhou, China

Architect name: Rossana Hu

Date Built: 2016

Typology and social value: Suzhou Chapel is a landmark building by Yangcheng Lake in Suzhou, with a simple and atmospheric appearance, providing visitors with a 360 perspective to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Yangcheng Lake. The chapel has a very flexible space inside, providing a venue for ordinary activities.

Reason for choosing this building: When I first began to learn architecture, I preferred those buildings with unique shapes and strong sense of design, and my design also paid more attention to shapes rather than internal space. My tutor asked me to learn more cases. Suzhou Chapel is the beginning of my acceptance of square box shape, it is very simple but clever. Especially after getting to know Rossana Hu and her past designs, I began to understand and fall in love with the architecture of these square boxes.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

1. The exterior of the building is a white square box with vertical lines formed by metal sheets. Inside, there are windows of different sizes. The design is simple and neat, without complicated decoration.

2. New building materials such as concrete, glass, folded metal skin with open holes are used to highlight the architectural aesthetics.

3. The design emphasizes functionality and the use of space, such as a flexible mezzanine and a viewing platform for visitors.

Student name: DanyanShen

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Location: Yang Cheng Hu Xi Lu, Suzhou Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, ChinaArchitect name: Ruen Design OfficeDate Built: 9. 2016Typology and social value: The building type of Suzhou auditoriums is public buildings. When it comes to its social significance, it serves as a local landmark building that embellishes the city's landscape. In addition, it provides venues for residents to enjoy performances such as stage plays, musicals, etc., all of which can be performed in the auditorium.Reason for choosing the building: I chose the Suzhou Auditorium because of its architectural nature and social function. In my hometown of Suzhou, facilities like auditoriums are rare and there aren't too many similar buildings. The Suzhou Auditorium, located in the Xiangcheng District of Suzhou, makes up for this omission and provides an ideal spiritual value for the local residents. In addition, the beauty of the building adds a bit of color to the city, and its modern and classical appearance is a perfect match for Suzhou, a city full of humanity.Three core issues make it a modern building:  1.	This building is used as an area for residents to carry out cultural activities and has a practicality that fulfills the requirements of functionalism.  2.	The building has a metal shell and also uses reinforced concrete on the inside, a modern material that has evolved with the times and compounds the definition of modern architecture.3.	The shape of the building is asymmetrical, and the purity and simplicity of the exterior compounds the new architectural aesthetics of the new building style.Yingqiu Ru

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Yang Cheng Hu Xi Lu, Suzhou Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, China

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Yang Cheng Hu Xi Lu, Suzhou Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, China

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Location: Sunderland, Tyne and Wear

Architect: FaulknerBrowns Architects

Date built: 2019-2021

Social Value: As the City hall its where the seat of local government are and a services point for housing, employment and benefits. A shop window, with facilities for civic events.

Reason for Choosing: I chose this building because it shows how the city, I’m from is moving towards being more inclusive and the council is trying to better the city itself, and the City Hall was one of the first steps into doing so.

Three core issues: Its overall a very modern building, with its sleek design and its open and well-defined floor plan, and use of traditional modern materials.

It’s an inspiring new civic landmark, it is a positive step as a part of the wider vision for Sunderland city and the people who live there.

The building celebrates the cities heritage with local craftmanship, and design tailored to it, the central steel staircase was fabricated by a local metalworker and former ship building firm, 20 minutes from site.

Post by Maddison Weston

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Location - Beijing, China

Architect: Xu Tiantian/DnA Design and Architecture

Date built: 2009

Typology and social value:

Located in Tong Zhou District, eastern outskirts of Beijing, Songzhuang is the most famous and biggest artist community in China. The first artists moved here in the early 1990’s, having been driven out of another community near the Old Summer Palace. For years these artists were virtual outcasts with lots of their artworks politically inspired, and they lived under the eye of authorities. With the booming of Chinese art market, artist population expanded dramatically in Songzhuang.

This architecture is a response to human needs, it was created to house artists and outcasts.

Reason for choosing this building:

As an architecture, this residence is a shelter in both physical and psychological form. The artists are able to live and work, generate artwork even in a not so open and tolerant environment.

The aesthetic is another eye catching feature that interests me. The masses are seemingly carelessly located, providing possibilities and representing the willingness to try new things.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

1. The bold forms of bulky rectangular masses (resembling stacking containers) that led to an expressive configuration and unique spatial quality of accidental spaces as blank canvas for artists to fill up with activities. As well as the bold choice of colours, dark grey and orange.

2. The modern idea that artists hang out with fellows within their living and working space, instead of being isolated.

3. The building is built to suit the need la of booming population of artists, including those outcasted, especially. To some extent, it represents rebellion. Modern architecture should provide comfort to anyone regardless of the identity of residents.

Xiaohan Li

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Location: Shanwei, Guangdong, China

Architect: Jiang Ying, a female architect who is the chief architect of O-office Architectural Studio.

Date built: 2020

Typology and Social Value:

The Chapel of the Jinting Bay is a religious building dedicated to Mazu, a local deity in Chaoshan area of China. Mazu was an outstanding woman in history and was worshipped as a god by the local people after her death. Since then, the local people held some large sacrificial activities at specific times to pray for good weather.

Reason for choosing/selecting this building:

This building is of great significance to the area.

1). Culture and historical:

Mazu culture is an extremely important part of local culture. The building of churches can effectively make up for the lack of worship places nearby. For the local people, the church is set up on the beach to protect the safety of people who go out to sea to fish and people who play in the water

2). Architecture Design:

The building stands on the central axis of the city. This is where city meets country, and sea meets land. It connects traditional residential areas and urban areas, and connects the sea, which has been relied on for generations, with the land. This position is the best embodiment of Mazu culture. In terms of design, the landfacing side of the building is long and low, with a feeling of inclusion; The side facing the sea gradually Narrows and rises, eventually forming a huge facade. This is a good example of the local people's reverence for the ocean.

The Three Core Issues That Make Thia a Modern Building:

1). Application of Material

The building uses materials commonly used in modern construction: stone, concrete and glass. The exterior is white, with stone and concrete foundations and large floor-to-ceiling window glass.

2). Design Form:

The building adopts modern construction methods. The building draws inspiration from the local villages and towns to imitate the ancient auditorium, learning from the Western chapel. After passing through the courtyard, the huge Mazu statue stands in the courtyard looking towards the sea. The huge facades facing the sea resemble towers

3). Architecture Image:

The city-side facade of the chapel contains a horizontal space with a height to width ratio of nearly 1:10, inside are abstract forms of a traditional screen, courtyard and hall, and spreaded horizontally against the central axis of the new city. The 36-meter-long shaded walkway at the edge of the shallow pool presented a perfect frame and stage for the scenery.

Tianxiao Zhao

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Location: Rye, East Sussex, UK

Architect name: Marta Nowicka, DOMstay

Year of completion: 2014

Typology and social value: This project sought the conversion of a former ambulance station built by the St John Ambulance Association in the 1950s in the medieval citadel of Rye, East Sussex. It has been converted into a four bedroom home with open-plan living and dining space with terraces on either side, with original materials repurposed throughout the building, wherever possible. The project is an ode to Rye's historical heritage with surrounding architecture dating back to medieval times. Rather than demolishing the building, this female lead architect practice instead celebrated classic English architecture, promoting sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and economic growth.

Reason for choosing:

I believe a strong component to sustainable architecture growth is using materials that are already readily available, rather than producing more of what we already have. This project is a great example of this. Whilst being a modern project, it still respects the surrounding architecture with Rye being the home of great English heritage, an example being its shared courtyard with a Grade-II listed Georgian building, promoting the small town's cultural enlightenment.

Three core issues making this a modern building:

1 - The modernist movement focuses on sustainable building, conversion being an advocate for responsible design. This building is an example of technological transformation. This approach is popular in modern architecture since new construction is so resource heavy. This can contribute to a lower carbon footprint, energy conservation and lower construction costs.

2- St John features a contemporary interior design with an open, spacious floor plan and large windows, encouraging the flowing layout. The building's floor to ceiling windows on the ground floor are designed to flood the building with natural light, a common design choice in modern architecture.

3 - Another characteristic of modern design is minimal ornamentation with neutral/white palettes and a lack of adornment. St John's interior walls are entirely painted white, with any timber features being greyed. This also contributes to the maximising of interior natural lighting. A concrete plinth is laid in the centre of the ground floor, a material which is highly favoured aesthetically in modern design. The bathroom and kitchen feature stainless steel furnishings, an ode to the medical industry, this being an old ambulance station.

Biddy Davies 201745977

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Chung Yuan Christian University Chang Ching Yu Memorial Library 2020-02-17.jpg

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Chung Yuan Christian University Chang Ching Yu Memorial Library

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Chung Yuan Christian University Chang Ching Yu Memorial Library

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Location: Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
Architect: Wang Chiu-Hwa and Joshua Jih Pan
Date Built: 1985

Typology and social value:  It is an university library, which serves as an academic library to store specialized collections and study research. With Wang’s design, the interior spaces became more flexible with both function, quiet space and collaborative work area. While there is computer room for the digitalization of book at that time. By introducing the public collaborative space to library, it promotes the community engagement with different workshops and projects hold in the library alongside with its original value of preservation of culture and knowledge

Reason for choosing/ selecting building: Wang Chiu-Hwa was given the unofficial title of “Taiwan’s Mother of libraries”, as she has designed many library and was one of the  pioneers for modern university library design approach. With the example library, designed by architect Wang Chiu-hwa in collaboration with Pan Ji architect firm, it is one of the most culturally distinctive landmarks at Chung Yuan Christian University. Architect Ms Wang focused her design on the principle of "caring for people."

The Three core issues that make this a modern building:

1. Human-Cantered Design. The core concept for Wang is “caring for people”, which is one of the core modernist principles, prioritizes user comfort, accessibility, and functionality.

2.Hybrid and Flexible Space Usage. The design of Wang allows the internal spaces to adapt various functions, quiet zones, study spaces, collaborative areas and event rooms. Demonstrating the multi-purpose design in one type of building, which steps away from rigid, mono-purpose design.

3. Sustainability and Environmental Considerations. Planting green spaces around the library incorporates the idea of modernist's eco-friendly approach. As such, it can reduce environmental impact and increase user comfort. Daven TH Cheung

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Location:

Woodhouse, Loughborough

Architect: Elizabeth Rhodes (2021 extension)

Date Built: c1920

Date of extension: 2021

Typology and social value:

In 2019 the Spinneys was made a Grade II listed detached Arts and Crafts house. It has recently undergone careful renovations to transform it into a dream home whilst maintaining its architectural integrity and historical significance. The homes heritage status and location within a conservation area added additional planning and design considerations, requiring close collaboration with Charnwood District Council’s planning department and heritage specialists. The original building features:

-Brickwork in a white rough cast render with timber framing between sections.

-Swithland slate roof sourced locally from Swithland quarry.

-Picturesque early 20th century detailing including gabled bays and ornate chimneys.

The recent renovation features:

-White handmade bricks which add textural depth to the extension.

-Extensive use of glazing which allows abundant uninterrupted views.

-A large bronze frame which provides a warm, rich contrast to the original house.

Reason for choosing this building: The building stood out due to its Arts and Crafts architecture and the way the renovation incorporates modern design whist preserving its history. The approach of mixing the old and new architectural styles, especially with a Grade II listed building, makes it unique. I appreciated that it celebrates both the craftsmanship of the past and the innovations of the present.

The three core issues that make this a modern building:

-Contemporary Architectural Extension:

The new extension contrasts yet compliments the original design. It provides light, open spaces to create a modern and functional family home without overshadowing the Arts and Crafts architecture.

-Use of Modern Materials:

The extension uses white handmade bricks, large expanses of glazing and a bronze frame, creating a textural and visual contrast with the historical materials.

-Open, light spaces:

The modern extension has expansive glazing that brings in natural light and frames views of the garden which aligns with contemporary living standards.

Grace Coppard

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Architect: Lisa Raynes

Location: Wilmslow, Cheshire

Date built:

Typology and social value:

-socially motivated architecture practice

- experience in social housing and disabled adaptations

-Lisa Rayners was a trustee of the learning disability and mental health charity

Reasons for choosing this building:

-it was an extension which means that they used recycled materials

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Manchester Metropolitan University Business School & Student Hub

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Manchester Metropolitan University Business School & Student Hub

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Location: Lyceum PI, Manchester

Architect: Sara Haghshenass ( Fielden Clegg Bradley Studios)

Date built: March 2012

Typology and Social Value:

The building, located in the edge of Manchester’s city centre, was commissioned by Manchester Metropolitan University  in 2012 to attract students in response to recently introduced changes in higher education. Two enclosed atria allow distinction between the business school and student hub. The business school is located in the taller atrium, and is composed of various formal teaching spaces including seminar rooms as well as lecture theatres. The smaller atrium houses the student hub, which encourages social interaction and conversation.

Reason for choosing:

I chose this building as I enjoy how it challenges the stereotype of the ‘male dominated’ industry of business. Its strong concrete structure and large internal spaces are juxtaposed by the large amount of glass used in the design. This juxtaposition adds a sense of openness to the space, not only increasing social connectivity within the space but also harnesses a connection to the surrounding context. To me, its transparency symbolises the interventions that need to happen in the industry of business, where toxic competition is encouraged.

Three core issues that make it a modern building:

The building achieved a BREEAM Excellent due to its innovative environmental solutions and design. Close to 20% of the building’s energy is from on site.

Its facade is composed of a curtain wall of opaque glass geometric structures that transform light, producing a variety of coloured patterns depending on the angle and direction of the sun. This creates a sense of life around the building and brings joy even on dark days.

It references local industrial buildings with its large use of concrete and exposed internal structures, showing its respect for the city’s history. Yet it challenges the conventional university building with its open and transparent interior that promotes interconnectivity.

Eleni Vourliotis

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Macintosh court 269 Leigham Court Road, Streatham, London SW16

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Location: 269 Leigham Court Road, Streatham, London

Architect: Kate Macintosh

Date Built: Designed and built between 1968 and 1973

Typology / social value: Macintosh Court is a grade II-listed building comprised of 45 sheltered housing flats for over 55s owned by Lambeth council. Its inherent social value is that it is social housing for older people, however beyond that it is a building that has fostered community and connection for its residents. Its open courtyard spaces, with windows and balconies looking positioned to look out onto it, connect the residents both to nature and to one another. Purpose built social housing for older people promotes independence, can reduce loneliness, and in successful examples such as this, can also improve residents’ overall health and wellbeing.

Reason for choosing: I chose this building because I admire Kate Macintosh’s social values. Her work has so often led the way across public housing design, social theory, education, and tenants' rights. She is a lifetime advocate of social housing and often characterised as an unsung hero of social housing in Britian. Her virtuosity was recognised when she received an MBE. In addition Macintosh is a recipient of the Jane Drew Prize for women in architecture 2021.

This building is also interesting as a symbol of the post war zeitgeist. It highlights the values of a caring and compassionate society and embodies the vision of Nye Bevan’s “cradle to the grave” care. Perhaps it is now a reminder of a bygone era.

In addition, I also found this building compelling because it was under threat from Lambeth Council after falling into disrepair. Following outcry from residents and the local community, it has since achieved Grade-II listing, being named in Kate Macintosh’s honour and receiving funding from the council for restoration.

Furthermore, I chose this building, particularly over Macintosh’s other building located nearby Dawsons Heights, due to Macintosh Court being purpose built for older people and smaller in scale. It is especially important to care for more vulnerable people in society including with provision of sheltered housing. Macintosh Court accommodates for these different needs, providing an elegant solution.

3 Reasons it is a modern building

1 The design and construction were an experiment in modular construction - refining the modular and prefabricated construction necessitated by the second world war and post-war reconstruction.

2 The building utilises industrialised building systems and is predominately made of concrete blocks.

3 Macintosh Court has the hallmarks of a modern building: geometric form, clean lines in form with horizontal design flat rooves. It also utilises functional flowing and open space plans, as well as balconies and natural light connecting the residents to nature.

Charlie Bottrill

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East Wall, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, UK 

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Architect: Elisabeth Benjamin

Date: 1936

Typology and social value: East Wall is a grade II listed modern private residence designed by architect Elisabeth Benjamin. It was designated for many reasons including its architectural interest as an early example of the international modern style in the UK. As well as the early use of reinforced concrete in domestic buildings, which helped in the development of regulations regarding domestic concrete use in the UK.

Reason for selection: I chose this building because of the story of the architect, Elisabeth Benjamin. She was among the first generation of female architects to practice as qualified architects on a large scale in the UK. However, her career ended early due to the pressures she faced, becoming a mother and moving away from London, the center of architectural activity, when her husband relocated the family during the Second World War. East Wall is the best preserved and well-documented of the three buildings Benjamin designed during her short-lived career. Despite having more opportunities and legal recognition, this building reflects how social expectations still limit the impact women have in architecture.

Modern Characteristics:

1. Plan and Layout – The building is situated on a large plot with the east wall bordering the garden to the west. It was designed as a two-storey rectangular structure, laid out on a grid, featuring a central east-west spinal wall that extends outside and creates apsidal projections at the north-west and south-east corners creating a serpentine shape in plan. The building has a spacious open interior. The brick central curvilinear spinal wall separates the living and dining rooms to the south from the kitchen and smaller service rooms to the north.

2. Materials and Structure - The structure is made of steel-reinforced concrete frame, and a red brick spine wall adds gives the facade a textural element. Board-marked concrete elevations, painted white, contrast beautifully with the warmth of the brick used across the interior of the first floor. Large steel-framed south orientated windows bridge the building to its environment. The red brick and béton brut wrap around the apsidal stair tower, merging raw concrete with the warmth of brick. This combination reflects a thoughtful approach to materials that honors both modern and traditional design principles

3. Geometric Forms – The living room that includes a fireplace set within a round-arched brick surround. A square, tubular metal element aligns with the fireplace and extends to a low shelf on the mantel. Beyond the southeast corner, a full-height square pier supports an overhanging roof, creating a shallow canopy over the dining room terrace. The roofline is straight, providing a partial canopy above the terrace, which is bordered by tubular balustrades with metal grilles.

Anu Ibinayo

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Location: Shenzhen, China

Architect: Rushan Hu

Date Built: 2021

Typology: Hotel

Social Value:

In the phenomenon of urban village renewal that has attracted much attention in recent years, the Youxiong Hotel in Nantou Ancient City, Shenzhen, designed by Neri & Hu, is undoubtedly a typical case. The ancient city area where the project is located reflects the collision between history and the present in the process of urban spatial change in Shenzhen, and the boutique guest house transformed by the self-built residential houses in the urban village also challenges the inherent typology of traditional hotel design from site selection to spatial organization.

Through the design of the building, the relationship of "seeing" and "being seen" between the hotel visitors and the original residents is equal and interactive: the hotel visitors become the "other" of the village life in the city, spontaneously paying attention to the panorama of life in the community; The village's indigenous people can also perceive life in the hotel's public space without obstacles and examine the changes that urbanization has brought to their own lives. As the lead architect Ruen mentioned in the interview, the most special achievement of the project is its community participation and positive impact on the daily life of the surrounding neighborhood.

Reasons:

a. Hu Rushan is my favorite designer.

Ms. Hu was selected as one of the 40 outstanding young designers under 40 in Greater China by the prestigious design magazine PERSPECTIVE Magazine.

b. This building is a good example of the coexistence of old and new.

In her book "The Future of Nostalgia," Svetlana Boym defines two types of "Nostalgia," "Reflective Nostalgia," which favors "miss" over "old," It is not a restoration of the past home and life, but a utopia with the nature of exploring the future. This discourse also provides a theoretical basis for discussing Ruen's practice in Nantou Ancient City. First, urban renewal aims to pursue higher quality of life, spatial efficiency and economy. Secondly, the community network and collective memory of urban village life should also be treated well and cherished. Therefore, Youxiong Hotel provides a phased reference for the spatial upgrading of urban villages, rather than the end of individual self-renewal. Architecture should integrate into the community with an open attitude and adjust itself according to changes in the external environment. Compared with the more static transformation of historical buildings or industrial relics, the environment of urban villages in Shenzhen is dynamic and full of tension. If the revitalization of traditional historical architecture emphasizes the transformation of "old" to "new" and "self" to "other" values, then the spatial practice of Nantou Ancient City reflects its connection with the past, present and future of the city, showing the unity of subject and object values. If we look at the temporal and spatial changes of the ancient city from a more macroscopic perspective, the effect of "self is other" is more obvious: the community is slowly changed because of the spatial activation of the individual buildings, and the individual buildings also reshape their own personality because of the integration of the community.

c. This building presents a design approach that allows outsiders and indigenous residents to communicate well.

At the base position, the public parts of the hotel sit flat to blend into the background of the urban village. However, the juxtaposition of coarse wood concrete, smooth stone and metal creates a defamiliarization of the perceptual level, which is the most skillful material strategy used by Ruen. The benches at the entrance outwards reflect the characteristics of "urban furniture" and create a space for dialogue between the visitors and the villagers through the openings and Windows. In the middle layer of the hotel, Ruen handles the space in the most controlled way, and the corrugated perforated aluminum sheet material is wrapped to bring a semi-transparent visual experience. On the top floor, a metal structure bar is added to emphasize the upward dynamic force to increase the building's visibility to the site. The open treatment of the roof helps to alleviate the cramped urban village experience. In addition, community rooftop life, which is connected with each other but with different personalities, is an important way to reconstruct the value of public space in urban villages.

Yuxin Wang

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Location: Sofia, Bulgaria

Architect: Elitca Panayotova

Date: December 2019

Typology and social value:

This is an 8 story office building located in the outskirts of Sofia and next to a very busy road that influenced the design of the building by making many stripes in the building to represent the speed of the cars on the road.

Reason for choosing this building:

The main reason I chose this building is because I admire the design and the shape of it. The facades are influenced by the high speed road next to the building so the it follows the speed of passage with the the white stripes that move up and down across the building, which makes it easy to remember when you drive by it. The building can also attract many visitors, not only because of the beauty of the building but the views of Sofia and Vitosha (mountain) that it provides because of its high location. There is also a garden in the south side of the building that has many different plants which improve the air and bring more people to sit around it. The materiality is another reason for why I selected this building as it is made out of stone and triple glazed windows which have good thermal and sound insulation to create a prefect condition for working inside the building.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

-the futuristic design of the building that stands out from the others and attracts many people to it.

-big garden in the south part of the building that takes up a quarter of the site, made to improve both design and air quality.

-the materiality of the building with stone and triple glazing widows that helps with thermal and sound insulation.

Student: Ivaylo Mitov

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Location: Hangzhou, China

Architect: Shu Wang, Wenyu Lu

Completed in 2007

Typology and social value

The China Academy blends traditional Chinese and modern architectural styles. Using recycled materials like old tiles and bricks, it emphasizes simplicity and connection to history. The campus layout, with courtyards and narrow alleys, fosters social interaction, creating a harmonious community atmosphere. This design embodies cultural continuity and environmental respect, reflecting the traditional Chinese philosophy of harmony between humanity and nature. Beyond its role as an educational space, the campus stands as a model of sustainable design, respecting both cultural heritage and natural surroundings.

Reason for choosing

The architectural design of China Academy of Art blends traditional culture with modern architecture. Through the reuse of recycled materials and harmonious integration with the natural environment.

The three core issues

Sustainability and Material Reuse
The use of recycled materials, such as old tiles and bricks from demolished buildings, reflects modern principles of sustainable design.

Blending of Tradition and Innovation
Used architectural elements (courtyards, narrow alleys) with contemporary design, showcasing a modern reinterpretation of cultural heritage that balances the old with the new.

Integration with Nature

The campus is carefully designed to harmonize with its natural surroundings, embodying a modern perspective on environmental integration.

Xiyan Yan

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Location: Songyang County, Zhejiang Province, China

Architect: Xu Tiantian

Date Built: 2016

Typology and social value: The Brown Sugar Factory is a factory that combines a brown sugar production plant, villagers' activities and exhibitions. It improves the traditional family brown sugar workshop by integrating the history of ancient sugar production inherited for a hundred years and the cultural traditions of the village's kernel, preserving the hardware and at the same time injecting a wealth of vitality and vigour. The site is located at a certain distance from the village, which not only reduces the disturbance and pollution to the village and the people, but also serves as an important transitional extension of the village and the countryside.

Reason for choosing this building:

1. The Brown Sugar Factory improves on many of the drawbacks of the original traditional family workshops, such as poorly constructed structures, haphazard management, poor hygiene conditions, and potential fire hazards.

2. The materials used in the building, such as red bricks and bamboo, are common and important local building materials, which can be rationally utilised and give full play to local characteristics. At the same time, brown sugar is an important village industry on which the local people rely for their survival, and the continuation and inheritance of this has provided abundant employment opportunities for the local people, increased the economic income of the farmers, improved the economic level of the village, accelerated the economic development, and gave full play to the advantages of the local location and resources, promoted the revitalisation of the countryside, and increased the cultural self-confidence of the villagers.

3. The Brown Sugar Factory does not adopt the closed form of traditional factories, but adds a lot of sight-open space design, so that the production site is like the scene of a theatre performance; its external and internal are the display of the scene, the field and the scene. The performative and demonstrative nature of the workshop gives it the nature of a ‘stage’, which is not only a stage for the village production activities, but also a stage for the superimposition of rural life and idyllic poetry.

The three core issues that make this a modern building:

·In the design of Brown Sugar Factory, we choose this common local light steel building form, which meets the needs of large-span production space, matches the functional attributes of the factory, and uses it in combination with the spatial functional attributes to form a clear material structure system. Because the ancient method of brown sugar production requires the use of open flames, chimneys, exhaust and other equipment are also integrated with the light steel structure in terms of design.

·The production exhibition area is paved with red bricks, separated from the black light steel shed frame, echoing the color of brown sugar. The ground of the processing area extends the lines of the fields into the room, and uses different red brick methods to distinguish them. The display area is designed with red bricks combined with greening to increase the richness of space and emphasize the functional attributes of the display area as a public rest space. The corridor around the production exhibition area is paved with cement to define the space and reflect the mobility and outdoor nature of the space. The logistics service block is paved with dark cement, which is distinguished from the red wall system, and the color suppresses the space.

·Vegetation cover, rainwater collection and treatment systems and other means can be used in the landscaping around buildings to promote ecological balance and protect the local natural environment. At the same time, environmentally friendly materials and green building standards can be used to reduce negative impacts on the environment, fully reflecting sustainable development.

Name: Lanting Jing

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Location: Manchester, United Kingdom

Architect name: Rachel Haugh

Date Built: 2004

Typology and Social Value:

Beetham Tower is a prominent skyscraper, which is known for its distinctive design and and impact on the city’s skyline. Standing at 169 meters it was the tallest building in the UK outside of London in 2006. The tower is used in many ways such as residential, hotel and commercial spaces. The Unique cantilevered design is a hallmark of modern architectural innovation.

Beetham Tower played a pivotal role in the regeneration of the Manchester City center as it helped the develop the surrounding area. It was built as city living became a nice way of living. Also attracting tourists aswell as buyers and investors increasing the surrounding economy as this also increased surrounding property prices.

I chose this building because when i searching for female architects near where i live i found that that there was many that were well known. Once i found that Rachel Haugh was the Architect for the Beethem tower i was interested to found out more about the building as well the architect. From living in Manchester everyone knows how significant the Beetham tower is to the city and how it stands out in the city skyline. I was really interested in Rachel Haughs career and how she has only become credited for here work recently as she’s joined various architects and her name being added to the company name of SimpsonHaugh architects.

Three core issues:

1) Cantilever - On floor 23 The Beetham Tower has a cantilever of 4 meters. This is located where the sky bar is and has teh addition of large windows looking onto the ground below. The cantilever involved careful calculations with the weight distribution and wind resistance.

2) Beetham Tower was constructed with the use of reinforced concrete and steel to allow the height of 169 meters. The base of the building is smaller than the top as it allows more surrounding ground space.

3) The Curtain Glazed walls. This is a modernist approach where the glass is broken down into smaller grids and separate sheets of glazing. The glazing doesnt effect the building structurally buty helps make it more aesthetically pleasing.

By Louis Ellison-Brown

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Architect: Roz Barr, Haworth Tompkins architectural practice.

Date built: 1970 (renovated in 2019).

The Leeds Playhouse is a building designed for the performing arts, showcasing a diverse range of productions, from classic plays to contemporary works and new writing.

I chose this building as it is one of the UK's most important cultural institutions. The exterior of this building is stunning, with the use of coloured paned glass which intrigues and encourages all who walk past it to enter. It plays a huge part in the local offering a wide range of programs to engage with all different groups of people.

This is a modern building because:

1) The recent 2019 redevelopment, led by Haworth Tompkins, introduced a glass fronted façade and open-plan foyer, leaving a sleek modern aesthetic. The design maximizes natural light, enhancing the building’s visibility while connecting the indoor and outdoor spaces visually.

2) Leeds Playhouse includes universal accessibility whilst aligning with modern standards. The redesign included wheelchair access throughout, improved seating options, and accessible backstage facilities, ensuring the inclusivity of both the audience and performers. Additionally, the theatre provides accessible performances, including audio-described, captioned, and relaxed showings.

3) The building combines sustainable materials and energy-efficient systems to reduce its environmental footprint. With flexible public spaces like the foyer, community rooms, and rehearsal areas. The way in which this building was designed and how it is used shows its commitment to both environmental but also social issues.

Ted Bardgett

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Location: Reading, England

Architect: Katie Duggan

Date Built: October 2021

Typology: Church Redevelopment for local community.

Reason: I clearly remember the church before, having visited several times, and remember the full construction process. Also, the community has ties to the scout group I was part of and as such I know several members of the community at the church.

3 modern aspects:

Material choice of the extension provides a modern contrast with the original flint walls of the church. These materials also have a high thermal mass, allowing the building to keep on maintaining a more constant temperature inside and improving the comfort of the occupants.

The function as a cafe and bookshop alters the function of the church to more of a community hub, than solely a place of worship, a feature that modernizes the use cases of the building.

The new south-facing glass-fronted seating space acts as a means of increasing direct sunlight into the spaces of the church and will improve thermal energy gain, which will help to heat the large spaces within the church.

Jonny Ritchie

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Location: Yunnan, China

Architect: Qi Shanshan

Date Built: Summer of 2019

Typology and Social Value: ANNSO HILL is a new boutique guesthouse, situated in a narrow alleyway lined with B&Bs and storefronts. The site is composed with two characteristically different lot spaces forming an inverted“L”shape, which begins with a compressed street front zone on a steep slope, and ends on a long serene hillside aligned with beautiful tall trees. It not only connects people and nature, but also shows the combination of innovation and tradition.

Reason for choosing the building: The reason why I chose this building is its novel design. It chooses as its formal strategy to step back and react directly towards the landscape. Pressed against the hill, the roof shifts and climbs 30 meters upward, while the frontal tiles touch the very ground on the edge of alley. This approach, as a result, provides an open space for the public realm that is extremely rare in Heshun, as visitors and locals are drawn to any and all creative activities or social programs. This tilting geometry also adds a new trajectory of complex relationship that is perpendicular to the linear street, which connects both visually and spatially with the town and the“hidden”hill by a sequence of living conditions.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

1. The building extends up the slope, with a significant difference in height at the front and back, which conceals the entrance and dissolves the facade, and redefines the existence of the roof.

2. All walls are shifting and being slightly carved-in, in order to create another dimension of spatial reading and also for practical usage. There is an emphasis on the play of light and shadow through manipulating the geometrical relationship between walls and windows. All objects in the hotel-rooms are arranged in the lower horizontal zone, leaving the above space to collect the grand views of the outside.

3. ANNSO HILL is a cultural and living space for creation. As such, it expounds a new definition for both the cultural and architectural values of Heshun ancient town.

Name of Student: Yizhuo Wo

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Location: Birmingham, England

Architect: Alexandra Slatter

Date Built: 2023

Typology and social value:

10 Brindley Place is a now refurbished office building with 210,000 square feet of mixed use space. Having combined with the previous 8 Brindley place it is able to offer a range of facilities including rock climbing walls, office spaces, hireable event spaces and more. Redevelopments like this play a key part in reimagining Birmingham's public image which has been very industrial and cold and embracing positive refurbishment like this is what has allowed Brindley Place as a whole to become a thriving area in Birmingham.

Reasons for choosing:

Having grown up in Birmingham I have seen a lot of areas transform with new redevelopments such as this, the shift to modern architecture here and across Birmingham has brought a new image and only bettered it. I also previously had the chance of work experience with Alexandra's firm Associated Architects having also spoken to her I wanted to look into one of her projects. What stood out to me was the BREEAM excellent rating it achieved and I wanted to highlight a building that promotes environmental sustainability as well as social and economic stability and improvement.

3 core issues that make this a modern building:

1. This building heroes environmental design, something that has and is extremely important. Its refurbishment was done in a back to frame style, replacing all masonry and insulation to an updated standard whilst maintaining a somewhat similar appearance as to not completely remove the history from the building. Along the construction process all of the waste is being recycled for new projects, and the now complete building has a 60% reduction in embodied carbon, half the carbon emissions and uses 60% less energy

2. The design of the building itself also has a very modern approach, with a double height entry space and providing naturally well lit spaces throughout it's a much more welcoming space than it was before. on top of this the approach puts Birmingham in a light of moving forward and growing which is key among most modern ideologies.

3. Functionality is a big part of this buildings design, by being a mixed use space it helps to not create isolated spaces that ultimately deter the public from engaging with it leading to a city formatted into areas that become one use as opposed to a freer flowing area. The gym and social spaces within the offices also promote productivity for the people working there as well as the physical and mental health benefits, the increased focus on environmental design such as levels of natural lighting also help with this along with the better level of thermal comfort achieved

Name: Harvey Jones

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Location : Ferrara, Italy

Architect: Benedetta Tagliabue

Date Built: 2021

Topology: This church is a good example of Romanesque architecture; the vaulted ceilings inside and the side chapels have been influenced by Gothic architecture. The artwork and Renaissance symmetry also give the building a harmonious design.

Social Values: The church’s social values focus on the Renaissance and foster its role through its religious devotion and how it uses religion to promote socialization, education, and interaction. The church is a charitable and cultural centre where people gather to share their ethical beliefs and get closer together as a community.

Reasons why I chose this building:

The reason why I chose this building is that it's a building where I would see myself going every day and spending time reflecting and making my life healthier. Looking at it from an architectural view, I love the sleek design that Benedetta Tagliabue introduced while still including the Romanesque architecture and the minimalism design on the interior, which focuses on the idea that there should not be any other distractions while being in a religious space. I feel like this is a much-needed building within the community, as it gets people together and educates them.

The three core issues that make this a modern building:

Adaptive Use for Community Functions:

To remain relevant today, the church may integrate contemporary uses such as holding educational programs, art exhibits, or community activities.

Style of Architecture:

The church demonstrates a change in architectural styles that reflects contemporary aesthetics by combining Gothic and Renaissance components. Its design's emphasis on harmony, proportion, and simplicity is in line with modern architectural ideas, which frequently place a higher value on minimalism and functionality.

Sustainable Practices:

The church might incorporate contemporary sustainability features, such as climate control or energy-efficient lighting, to lessen its environmental effect and demonstrate a contemporary dedication to sustainability.

Written by

Rami Fared Naama

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Location: Liverpool, England.

Architect: Emma Lepley

Date Built: 2020

Typology and Social Value:

The building is designed with both functionality and patient experience in mind. The winter garden allows patients to connect with nature in a peaceful environment even in the sites extremely urban setting. The building also has an external terrace on the chemotherapy floor which allows panoramic views of the city. The natural light and green spaces create a healing environment for patients.

The centre enhances the well being of patients and their families which is important for people going through long term medical treatment. The building provides a calm and inviting environment which is far less intimidating than other hospitals across the country. The centre and its staff support patients who are going through an extremely tough time in their lives and supporting people is an extremely important social value.

Reason for choosing/selecting this building:

Other than the fact that the building is a well designed and thought out addition to the city which benefits people in a multitude of ways. I find cancer treatment to be an important part of life with how many people are diagnosed within their lifetimes. It is also a cause that is close to me after losing my grandma in 2021 to the disease. I think it’s extremely inspiring to see a building designed by a woman that can help so many people and really have an impact on society.

The three core issues that make this a modern building:

1. Patient centred design. The building is clearly designed with patients in mind and focuses on providing a “comforting and less clinical feeling environment for patients and their families” - Emma Leplay

1. Integrated technology. The building is equipped for modern healthcare demands with state of the art and new research technology, this enhances patient care and operational efficiency.

1. Sustainability. High-performance façade limiting heat loss, Photovoltaic panels, 30% of energy generated on site by low and zero carbon systems, 23.6% reduction in CO2 emissions.

Sophie Wilcox

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Location - Exeter, United Kingdom,

Designer - LHC Design (Glayne Price)

Built - Completed in 2021

Typology and Social value - The Ada Lovelave building is an office building for scientific research companies in Exeter science park. Building promotes well paid STEM jobs in the region. The building is operationally net zero carbon and achieved a Breeam rating of "Excellent".

Student - Edward Walker

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Location : London's Olympic Park, United Kingdom.

Architects Name : Zaha Hadid

Date Built : Construction Finished 27 July 2011

Typology - The London Aquatics Centre is a building designed to hold a swimming pool for competative events. This is a building with a curved design being its main feature, this blends in with the riverside environment of the olympic park and also mimics water.

Social Value - This Centre has a high social value, as when it is not open for swimming events, the communtiy can use it as a regular swimming pool, where they hold lessons, fun days and other water based activities. This also holds a high social value as it was built for the olympics which brough a lot of tourism to the area.

Reason for selecting this building - I have chosen the London aquatics centre as my building as it is very close to my home and I even had swimming lessons there growing up. Therefore this makes me feel connected to the building. I have also chosen this building as I remember being in awe of the scale and complexity of its design wheever I would walk past or into it.

Three Issues that make this a modern building -

The excessive use of concrete in its design

Its Contemporary Design

The Modularity of the building when events are held

Ryan Dixon

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Tan Y Fron Extra Care, Health & Social Care Facility and Community Centre, Llandudno

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Tan Y Fron Extra Care, Health & Social Care Facility and Community Centre, Llandudno

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Architect: Leonie Wainwright

Arhitecture Firm: Ainsley Gommon Architets

Date Built: 2014

Typology: The Tan Y Fron building in Llandudno is a mixed-use development that combines extra care apartments, a health and social care facility, and a community centre. This typology is particularly interesting because it reflects a modern approach to addressing the needs of a diverse community, specifically catering to older persons, those requiring healthcare and the wider community.

Rationale: The building exemplifies the potential of architecture to create positive social impact. By bringing together different functions and user groups in a single development, Tan Y Fron aims to foster a sense of community and provide a range of essential services in one location.

Social Value:

Integrated Living: The inclusion of extra care apartments allows older people to maintain their independence while having access to support when needed. This fosters a sense of security and belonging within the community.

Accessible Healthcare: The health and social care facility, with its focus on dementia care, addresses a critical need in the community by providing essential healthcare services locally. This reduces the need for residents to travel for treatment and promotes early intervention and ongoing support.

Community Hub: The refurbished and extended Ty Llewelyn Community Centre serves as a central gathering place for people of all ages, promoting social interaction, and a sense of belonging. This can help to combat loneliness and isolation, particularly amongst older residents.

The three core issues that highlight the modern design approach of the Tan Y Fron building:

Sustainability: The building's commitment to environmental responsibility through features like gas-fired combined heat and power, rainwater harvesting, photovoltaic panels, and sedum roofing demonstrates a forward-thinking approach to design. These features not only reduce the environmental impact of the building but also contribute to its long-term operational efficiency.

Accessibility and Inclusivity: While the source doesn't provide specific details, the nature of the development suggests a focus on accessibility. Features like level access, wide corridors, and adapted bathrooms are likely incorporated to cater to the needs of older residents and those with disabilities. Furthermore, the integration of the community centre encourages inclusivity by providing a welcoming space for diverse groups.

Wellbeing: Tan Y Fron demonstrates a clear focus on wellbeing through its design. The central courtyard garden offers residents a peaceful outdoor space for relaxation and social interaction. The emphasis on dementia care within the health centre highlights a commitment to meeting the specific needs of vulnerable people.

Student: Mathew Davitt

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Location: Oxford st, Liverpool L7 3NY

Architect: Jade Meeks (Ellis Williams Architects)

Typology and social value:

The Yoko Ono Lennon centre was built for the University of Liverpool offering students a world class teaching experience. The building was designed to hold concerts, lectures and events and could compete with leading concert venues. The centre has a performance space called the Tung Auditorium that can house 399 people and has space for a 70 piece orchestra. It also has a Paul Brett lecture theatre that can house 600 students. It will host the Music Department’s popular Lunchtime Concert Series. The building was named in honour of Yoko Ono Lennon for her long-standing philanthropic support of the University.

Core issues that make this building modern:

﻿﻿The building has modernistic features such as floor to ceiling windows, sharp edges followed by curves and overhangs providing shade

﻿﻿The building uses an open plan interior with the use of modern materials and skylights

﻿﻿The lectures theatres were arranged vertically which allowed for a much smaller building footprint - freeing up the site to deliver a linear public park alongside the main arterial route adjacent to the south elevation (Grove St).
This also allowed for the large volume and height of the Tung Auditorium to be placed adjacent to the teaching spaces, separated by the main atrium circulation space.

Charlie Cannon

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Location: Orani, Sardinia, Italy

Architect name: Ruth Guggenheim Nivola with Peter Chermayeff and Umberto Floris

Date Built: 1990

Typology and social value: Casa Museo Nivola serves as an artistic museum dedicated by Ruth Guggenheim Nivola to her husband Constantino Nivola, to celebrate and preserve his sculptures, drawings, and murals. It blends indoor galleries with open-air installations encouraging visitors to experience Nivola's works within a natural Sardinian setting that aligns with his connection to landscape and local culture.

The museum holds significant social value as it preserves Nivola’s artistic legacy and also serves as a community cultural hub. It frequently hosts exhibitions, educational workshops, and public programs, art appreciation and connecting local heritage with global modernist art movements. This outreach enhances the cultural identity of Orani.

Reasons for choosing: I chose Casa Museo Nivola because it beautifully commemorates the life and work of Costantino Nivola, built with deep emotional attachment and a sense of love by Ruth and those who wished to honor his legacy. Placed in the remote, culturally rich town of Orani, the museum adds to its meaning by situating his art where he was born, embedding it within a community that values its heritage and proudly celebrates Nivola's achievements. I’m also drawn to the building’s modern design, which elegantly fuses Sardinian tradition with contemporary architecture, offering an immersive experience that reflects the pride of Sardinian culture.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

Integration of Landscape: Casa Museo Nivola combines indoor and outdoor spaces, blending with the natural Sardinian landscape, which is a hallmark of modern architectural design focused on a balance with surroundings.

Minimalist and Functional Design: The building's clean lines, open spaces, and minimalist approach align with modernist principles, ensuring that form follows function without extra decoration.

Fusion of Old and New: The design respects Sardinian cultural heritage while introducing contemporary elements, embodying a modernist dialogue between tradition and innovation.

Ella Astheimer

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Location: Shanghai, China

Architect name: Wenjing Huang

Date built: 2019

Typology and social value: Art Museum, a public art space, a new cultural landmark in Shanghai

Reason for choosing/selecting this building：

1. This art museum was transformed from an abandoned aviation fuel tank. The process of transforming industrial heritage into cultural spaces reflects the participation and influence of female architects in urban renewal.

2. In the era when aviation fuel tanks were built, women could not even receive education universally. However, in the 21st century, this aviation fuel tank was transformed by a capable woman with a good educational background, highlighting the changes of the times. Women have been allowed to receive education for only a few hundred years, yet they have achieved so much.

3. Historical and Educational Value: The reuse of industrial heritage provides a case study for discussing the role of female architects in preserving history and education.

The three core issues that make this a modern building：

1. Functional innovation and spatial transformation: Tank Shanghai transforms industrial sites into cultural spaces, reflecting the innovative reuse of old structures in modern architecture.

2. Environmental Responsibility and Social Culture: The center emphasizes harmonious coexistence with the environment and serves as a platform to promote social interaction and cultural diversity, showcasing the social responsibility of modern architecture.

3. Progressiveness of technology and materials: The Oil Tank Art Center uses modern technology and materials to improve the functionality and aesthetics of the building, while providing visitors with a better experience.

Laura Wu

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Location - London, England

Architect - Elise Owusu

Date - 2011

Typology and social value

This is an improved design of green park train station. This re design has benefited Londons transport greatly. Green park is based in central London, a very busy part in the city for both work and tourism. It has 3 train lines and transport around this area is very significant. The improved layout and design has benefited the public in terms of travel, the connections between different train lines has been made easier for the public allowing the journey around london simpler, safer and less stressful. The circulation and accessibility has improved, this is a key factor for having good quality transport in a density populated area. This is shown in the step free access, this feature has high social value as even those with disabilities are able to access the station that is key for the transport network.

Reasons for selecting this building

I was inspired by how Elise Owusu was able to take an old and bland design and turn into a beautiful form that merges into its surroundings whilst also being able improve transport for the public. Green park station is an old station and sits at the heart of Londons transport. Re designing this station and having it well run was key to insure the network functioned. Elsie Onwusu had realised this and her improvements are a big factor for why central Londons transport functions and runs smoothly. This was done in 2011 in preparation for the London Olympics, Londons transport had to remain functional during this very busy time, the design of the station had made this possible. Furthermore the re design not only provides functional benefits but also fits into Londons landscape really the materials and details not only improve the aesthetic of the building but the overall area of the site. Green park station currently is a key station in connecting Londons underground trains, the work of Elise owusu was crucial for this.

The positive impacts of green park station also led to positive outcomes for Elise owusu, due to her work she became the first black female to elected as a RIBA member in 2014 and has become an inspiration for many female architects and is the vice chair of the London school of architecture. Her achievements are truly inspirational and her buildings provide a great example of what modern architecture should be like.

What makes this building modern

1. The accessibility and entrances of this building has a modern approach. This building has been designed to have step free access benefiting all users. A key feature is the entrance trail connecting the station to the park. Elise ones has designed this station so it merges into the landscape and creates a connection between them. This has a positive effect on the public as they immediately interact with nature and the landscape of green park as soon as they leave the station.

2. This building has been designed to keep up with Londons constant improvement of infrastructure and transport. The new layout and design of the building creates easier circulation for train connections and insures this key station functions in the transport network. This can be seen in creating lifts from the Victoria line platform straight to the Piccadilly line, allowing quick access. The step free access for all 3 lines is key for having modern circulation in this building

3. The new design has taken a modern approach in terms of materials to insure sustainability. The main entrance features artwork by John Maine within the stone cladding. The use of renewable materials such as stone is a very sustainable approach to insure the building has limited environmental impacts whilst still being able to function and providing a secure structure. Because of this the city remains clean and healthy.

Tai Ashley Fraser

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Architect: Wenyu Lu
Date built: 2008

Typology and social value:

It is a national first-class museum, which is a comprehensive museum mainly displaying Ningbo's humanities, history and art. The exhibits include more than 60,000 pieces of precious bronze, porcelain, bamboo carvings, jade, calligraphy and painting, gold and silver, folk customs and other cultural relics from the prehistoric Hemudu culture to modern times. It is the representative work of "new provincialism" style of Lu Wenyu and her husband Wang Shu.

Reason for selecting this building:

The design of this building integrates the characteristics of Ningbo regional culture, traditional architectural elements and modern architectural forms and techniques, which is a very local representative existence. The designer introduced the concept of mountain to shape its mass, designed a strong sense of sculpture under reasonable layout, and then responded to the modern architectural form with traditional Chinese materials, which explained the "new vernacular idea" well.

It is worth mentioning that the female architect Lu Wenyu played a crucial role in the design of this scheme, although her husband is more famous than she is. The idea of volume segmentation and circulation, as well as the idea of retaining the traditional materials of the facade, were developed by her. She always inspires others in the team, and her name should be written.

Three core issues that make this a modern building

- The plan revolves around a traditional Chinese courtyard, organizing the various Spaces while also using this form to increase light

- The long horizontal Windows of the facade are made of a grid system, which reduces the heaviness of the building and increases the sense of scale.

- The interior and exterior of the building are wrapped in bamboo formwork concrete and more than 20 kinds of recycled brick and tile mixed masonry walls, which is a perfect translation of traditional and modern

Name of student:Yike Gui

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Location: Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China

Architect name: Jinqiu. Zhang

Date built: Completed on 06.20.1991

Social value: It is the first large-scale national museum with modern facilities in China. Shaanxi History Museum is a high platform and group combination building built according to the layout of the palace courtyard.

Reason for choosing: Shaanxi is of great historical significance as the ancient capital of more than 13 feudal dynasties in ancient China, and the cultural relics unearthed here are of high cultural value. Jinqiu. Zhang, as the first female academician in China, demonstrated her deep understanding of Chinese culture and Chinese architecture in such an important project.

post by Xiang.Huan

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Location: Birmingham, England

Architect: Amanda Levete, Jan Kaplicky

Date Built: 2003

Typology and social value: The selfridges building is the main shop in the Bullring shopping centre and due to its modern architectural design that consists of 15,000 aluminium discs, its design increases shopping activity to the surrounding area.

Reasoning for choosing: I have constantly been in and around this building for many years and has always caught my eye due to its distinctive design that makes it stand out from the other buildings. Its innovative design embodies a bold and unconventional approach, challenging traditional architecture built within the surrounding area. This makes the building stand out within the city which almost redefines the cities identity by pushing its creative boundaries. the Selfridges building isn't just a shopping centre, but a statement in the city of Birmingham.

3 core issues that makes this a modern building:

1- the buildings curved shape breaks away from traditional architectural forms, aligning with the modern approach. The seamless curves required unconventional materials and innovating construction methods, bringing the design to life, inspiring surrounding buildings to follow this approach.

2- Material innovation in which the 15,000 aluminium discs create a visually compelling, textured façade, catching the light and shadows throughout different moments within the day. This constantly shifting visual effect extends the focus on modern architecture in terms of its interaction with the environment and following traditional buildings.

3- While this building serves as a retail space, its bold sculptural aesthetic also provides an experience and emotional response within its used, blending functionality and artistic expression together.

Student Name: Nikhil Mejer

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Location: Malpas, Cheshire, UK

Architect: TACP Architects, including Charlotte Whittingham

Date built: 2011

Typology and social value: This extension on a pre-existing Victorian school building provides four fully independent classrooms as well as an expansion on both the kitchen and the hall. The extension is in response to a need for more school places in a growing rural village. The project involved the demolition of a vacant domestic building on site which would have otherwise been left to decay. The expansion of the hall and kitchen creates a space for pupils, teachers and parents to meet for assemblies, extra curricular activities, and community events.

Reason for choosing this building: This is a building that I have experienced in person, and had the opportunity to discuss with architect Charlotte Whittingham during work experience I completed with her. It also feels relevant that this is an educational building designed by a woman, when typically females have a greater involvement with education and raising children. Finally, I feel it is important to celebrate architecture that is seen to be more mundane as often these are the buildings that have high value in terms of how they benefit both individuals and the local community.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

1 The extension contrasts and compliments original Victorian school building by not competing for attention

2 The design uses space inventively to expand hall, kitchen, and add 4 classrooms in a confined site without sacrificing a significant amount of crucial outdoor space

3 The building uses retaining structures to accommodate for steep level changes on site

Name of student: Grace Haigh

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Project name: Chengdu Science Fiction Museum

Project Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects

Project time:2023

Project location: Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China

Typology and social value: museum

Shows the development of technology and the human imagination

The reason why I chose this building is that its distinctive shape fits the theme of science fiction. The discussion of the interior space is equally curious, reflecting the architect's imagination.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

1.An unconventional look: Chengdu is a major incubator for the creation of science fiction in China and the career of many famous Chinese writers, and the building's distinctive curved appearance shows the architect's high imagination, which is in line with the core of the building's expression

2.Environmentally friendly: Designed to meet China's three-star green building standards, the museum's natural hybrid ventilation system takes full advantage of Chengdu's mild subtropical climate to provide a comfortable environment for visitors and staff throughout the year, and photovoltaic panels in local locations help meet the building's energy saving needs

3.Conducive to urban development: The surrounding parks are planted with local native plants that can collect and store rainwater for natural filtration and reuse, making Qingrong Lake an integral part of Chengdu's sustainable drainage system, thereby mitigating flooding and increasing biodiversity throughout the city.

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Architect Name: Jinqiu Zhang

Location: Xi’an, Shanxi Province, China

Date Built: 1986-1991.6.20

Typology and Social Value:

1. To record of the history: Xi’an is a capital city in many Tang Dynasties, having many antiques and historical history, it can show the Chinese culture in a real and close way to the public.

2. Educational: Offers public history education. Can let public know more about the Chinese culture also improve the people’s culture confidence.

3. Showing the Architecture Power: As the biggest modern museum in China, it shows the Chinese architecture technology’s improvement and show the modern architecture concept the Chinese architects have.

Reason for choosing this building:

It is a building that link to the Chinese Modern Government, can somehow show the highest Architecture level in China in a specific period. It is also designed by the first female architecture academician in China, can show the female’s power and the influence in the Architecture.

Three Core Issues:

1. Do not like the traditional Chinese buildings’ timber structure, the museum used the modern technology and the materials like concrete to build.

2. Innovation and the combination are very apparent in this building, the building shows to the public how can tradition things and new things can combine.

3. Using the time logically to put the buildings in order, make the whole building huge but not in a mess.

Bowen Shen

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Location: Manchester, United Kingdom.

Architect: Designed by Tonkin Liu

Date built: Designed in 2019 and completed in 2022.

Typology and social value: The building is a private space, yet serves various buildings and public spaces by helping the environmental impact for Manchester as a city and those living in it. It is not residential, yet the building provides heat and energy to surrounding buildings. The tower of light has a meaningful impact to celebrate the multi-cultural population of the city. Being a prominent and intriguing building in the city scape, it glows from LED lights, in various colours to celebrate different cultural celebrations and festivals, it adds a togetherness and celebratory impact to the city with Manchester being multi-cultural place and encourages diversity; at the same time as physically supporting becoming a low- carbon energy centre.

Reasons for choosing I chose this building as it has always intrigued me, since studying architecture my own curiosity for the space around me whether it be where I am now or where I grew up, has increased massively. I researched multiple buildings in Manchester with female / female dominant architects and I found myself being mainly intrigued by this one. The practise Tonkin and Liu consists of 8 people, 7 are women. When researching, I found the main fascination of the practise was nature and what we can learn from it, I find this to be a driving force behind a lot that interests me in architecture, and I find this is somewhat portrayed through the building as it has a subtle elegance and charm. The biometric structure has a light and almost paper lantern like aura, although it has such practical and sustainable value whilst upholding such an ethereal façade. It fascinated me.

Core issues that make this a modern building: The building demonstrates form following function, using enclosing flues to catch the wind, which powers the lighting and encourages the low carbon energy. The tower of light helps the environment and construction around it rather than taking anything away from surrounding buildings.

The buildings materiality is made by using thick steel sheets, the sheets are flat& thick (6&8mm) the pattern is curated using laser cutting, these qualities reinforce the thin, light shell lace structure. The steel is accompanied by 1373 glazed ceramic tiles.

The building displays geometric and intricate shapes which are extremely modern, with also enduring a minimalistic effect with the steel material appearing white with the tiles.

Core issues that make this a modern building:

Technological transformation- The tower of light aims to help Manchester become a ‘low carbon energy centre.’ This is done through clever technology, using enclosing flues to catch wind and generates energy to various surrounding buildings.

Urbanisation and industrialisation- Manchester was the world’s first industrial city. This building focusses on the cities manufacturing, but in a helpful way to combat the issue of carbon in the city. The building helps bring people to the city as the more buildings powered by low carbon energy, the more jobs involved in the buildings supported. Accompanied by the economic growth of Manchester as a city , buildings like the tower of light help the city to endure this but in a more sustainable way.

Cultural enlightenment- The tower aims to celebrate diversity within the city, glowing various colours through LED lights (when it is dark) against the skyscape, for different cultural celebrations and festivals. It has a visual impact on any passerby’s which honours Manchester’s multi-cultural population.

Niamh Goulding Ansbro

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Location: Guilin, China

Date of built: 2020

Name of architect: llLab.

Typology and Social Value: The “Yangshuo Bamboo Pavilion” project designed by llLab. utilizes the architectural typology of bamboo structures to create a pavilion that both integrates into the environment and promotes social interaction. This typological approach highlights the flexibility and sustainability of the bamboo material for the local climate and landscape, and also emphasizes & highlights the beauty of local nature. The social value of the project lies in its role as a cultural venue that enhances the social fabric by encouraging community participation and providing a space for cultural activities and interaction between visitors. This makes the pavilion a vibrant part of the community, enriching the local cultural life and visitor experience.

Reasons for choosing/selecting the building: The 'Yangshuo Bamboo Pavilion' makes innovative use of local materials, utilizing local bamboo, demonstrating a sustainable development strategy that enhances visitors' sense of immersive interaction with the surrounding environment. The building exemplifies the fusion of traditional craftsmanship and modern design, providing an excellent case study of how architecture can respect and enhance the natural landscape. In addition, the pavilion promotes social interaction and community engagement through its open and accessible design, making it a fascinating subject for research into the social impact of architectural design.

Issues:

Sustainability and Material Innovation: The use of local bamboo minimizes environmental impact, incorporates hand-woven culture in an innovative way, and the structural columnar shape echoes the bamboo growth pattern to meet modern engineering and aesthetic requirements.

Environmental Harmony: The design integrates with the local culture and ecological landscape, and is a unique regional design that not only echoes the local history of “Liu Sanjie's Impression”, but also reflects the local commitment to improving the environment and coexisting with nature.

Functional Diversity: The building is versatile enough to be used for cultural performances and community gatherings, demonstrating modern architecture's focus on flexible, multi-purpose spaces to meet the needs of the community.

Student： Xiaoyu Zhou

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Location : Wakefield, Leeds, England

Architect name : Sarah Wigglesworth

Date built : 2010

Typology and Social Value:

Sandal Magna is a contemporary educational building that serves as a primary school. Its design prioritise sustainability and community engagement, creating a space that fosters learning and collaboration among students and staff.

Reason for Choosing/Selecting This Building:

I chose Sandal Magna because it exemplifies innovative architectural practices that address modern educational needs. The building’s design reflects a commitment to sustainability and adaptability, making it a significant contribution to contemporary architecture in educational settings.

Three Core Issues that Make This a Modern Building

Sustainability: Sandal Magna incorporates green materials and energy-efficient systems, emphasising environmental responsibility and reducing the carbon footprint.

Flexible Learning Spaces: The design features adaptable classrooms and communal areas that encourage interactive and collaborative learning, responding to the diverse needs of students and educators

Community Integration: The building’s layout and design promote community involvement, serving as a hub for local activities and fostering connections between the school and its surrounding environment.

Ethan Hotson

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Location: Hampstead, London

Architect Name: Alison Brooks (Alison Brooks Architects)

Date Built: 2021

Typology and social value: The Mesh house is a single-family residential dwelling. However, it differs in the design where it is more complex compared to a typical residence. This can be seen through the focus on sustainable and biophilic design principles. The house conveys how homes can embody environmental responsiveness alongside visual originality with fulfilling residential needs. The house combines contemporary design while also appreciating local architecture traditions. This can be seen from its lattice-like façade.

The Mesh house portrays a commitment to low-impact living where it supports rising awareness of how homes can blend with nature, rather than disturbing it. Passive colling and natural materials are integrated to promote sustainable living.

Reason of selecting: I have chosen this house as it is a influential example of eco-conscious design where it shows how harmony can be achieved between architecture and the environment. It also acts as an inspiration for future residential design setting a standard that will support human comfort and ecological health.

Three core issues:

1 – Aesthetics is combined with functionality in the woven façade that acts as a functional shading device

2 – Materials and forms that reflect traditional architecture are used while also implementing modern construction techniques

3 – The house incorporates biophilic design in which natural ventilation and large windows are integrated to create a connection to the nature outside.

Maryam Bashir

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Location: Southampton, England

Architect: Amanda Levete

Date Built: 2021

Typology and social value:

Maggie’s Southampton is a public building. It is an informal setting for cancer patients to receive support emotionally and gain practical advice. This space allows them to interact with others going through the same thing without the stressful feeling of being in a hospital.

Reason for choosing this building: I chose this building because it is an example of healing architecture and how importance is placed on outside spaces as well as inside spaces. The garden, which was also designed by a woman (Sarah Price) was designed as the focal point rather than an afterthought in creating the space. The whole concept was to create a building in the middle of a garden, so you are surrounded by nature. This was interesting to me because the location of the building is in Southampton hospital’s car park. I liked that they chose to ‘hide’ the outer landscape so they are in their own bubble. I also liked that they designed it to feel like a home rather than adhering to the usual characteristics of public buildings. For example, they decided not to have a sign on the bathroom door because there would not be any signage on your doors at home. It was minor details like this that encouraged comfort in the space when going through a difficult time. I just thought it was a smart the way they responded to the brief. Creative solutions like designing external stainless-steel walls to reflect the landscape off itself to make the space feel bigger is the reason why I chose this building.

Three core issues making this a modern building:

1. One of the main issues making this a modern building was the site. It was surrounded by concrete buildings, which is common in most cities. The brief they received emphasised the need of nature within the design so they needed to figure out how to remove the concrete landscape. They did this by inserting a garden into the site and placing the building in the centre. They also embedded the building into the ground to obscure the view of the car park at eye level.

2. There is increasingly less space within cities for additional architecture. Therefore, it is encouraged to utilise the space you have. This a one story building therefore more ground is taken up compared to if they decided to increase the height of the building. This is a difficult issue to avoid as cancer patients may find it difficult to constantly use the stairs. This also means visitors would be able to see the surrounding concrete buildings and the whole illusion of being in the middle of a garden would be ruined.

3. They used a concrete slab foundation, which is not sustainable. However, the other materials they have used in the building suggest they have tried to be environmentally conscious this is seen as they used ceramics not only aesthetically but also utilise their load bearing properties as well as insulating building.

Name: Jaweria Saleem

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Location: Abriaquí, Antioquia, Colombia

Architect name: Ana Elvira Vélez

Date built: 2014

Typology and social value:

Ana Elvira Vélez focused on the building's sustainable construction and incorporation into the surrounding environment while designing it to directly address the social and educational requirements of the rural community.

The Rural School was created to give the kids who live in this rural area access to an education. Additionally, the school serves as a social centre for community events and get-togethers. By employing environmentally friendly building practices and sustainable materials, its architectural style is extremely sensitive to the climate and environment of the area. Because it meets educational demands and fortifies the village's sense of community, this design raises the building's social worth.

Reason for choosing this building: I chose this building as it has a strong emphasis on responding to the direct needs of the community as well as being considerate of the climate whilst implementing a high level of sustainability. I believe it is a great example of how architects should respond to a given site, both environmentally and socially.

Three core issues that make this a modern building: Three things that define this as a modern building would be its sustainability and environmental integration, its community-centred design and its adaptability to rural needs.

Name of student: Juleiny Balanta-Muñoz

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Rural School Alto del Mercado / Ana Elvira Vélez + Juan B. Echeverri

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Completed in 2013 in Marinilla, Colombia. Images by Isaac Ramírez Marín. Within the program Antioquia the most educated of the Government of Antioquia and Fraternidad Medellín, a rural school is designed and built in the…

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Location: London England

Architect: Alison Brooks architects

Date built:2021

Typology& social value: This is a house

Building a sense of community and ensuring safety are two of a home's social values. its capacity to promote familial ties, offer safety, and create a feeling of community.This folding geometry abstracts the highly articulated facades and roofs of Belsize Park’s urban villas into a continuous, folded surfaces and intersecting vectors. This interplay, between solid and void, roof and façade, enables the house to become a singular, textured object, embedded in its context.

Reason for selecting this building: I selected this building because it’s very eye catching, especially the spacious interior with elongated spaces and wood with pleasant finishes, such as black cherry wood. I also like the building because of its complex structure it enables flexible space utilisation. Being attracted to the unique character and spaces that creative architectural designs generate, they promote social interaction and exploration.

3 issues that make this building modern:

1.The design process for the Mesh House utilized 3D CAD to form a polygon mesh, addressing the complex intersections of built volume, light angles, existing building lines using a software like this is very modern.

2.The house transitions from more opaque on the street side to transparent towards the rear garden, enhancing spatial continuity.

3. The facade is clad in small-format oxidized copper shingles, Copper clad walls are a modern design element in both indoor and outdoor environments.

Name: Sylvia Vuvu

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“The house gives me huge pleasure; it’s both a counterpoint and a homage to its environment. The shingles a lovely capture of neighbouring Victorian detail, the copper a tonal nod to the pervasive red brick. Planes and folds such a playful borrowing from pitches and slopes of the local, deliciously too-respectable, architecture. You and your … Continued

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9/10 Stock Orchard Street

Architect: Sarah Wigglesworth

Location: 9/10 stock Orchard Street, Islington, London

Date built: 1999

Typology: House and studio space for her and her husband.  The house adopts the spatial organisation of the office and is inspired by Bürolandschaft. An open plan is divided into departments that optimise social encounters between colleagues. The ensemble is placed in a setting comprising a hard landscape, cour d'honneur and an ornamental and productive garden.

Social value: This is a family-friendly and environmentally sustainable working place. Firstly, Stock Orchard Street aims to be net zero carbon, this is from being made of recycled concrete, enclosing the bedrooms in protective insulation, and straw cubes. Sarah states ‘most sustainable buildings are not necessarily the cheapest or most ecological or most recycled but any of this combined with architecture that people want to sustain because they love it’. Secondly, Wigglesworth has created an inclusive community space, with communal gardens and gathering areas like the dining room table that encourage friends’ family and residents of the area to come together.

Why did I choose this building: Living and growing up in London and wanting to learn architecture I grew up hearing the name Wigglesworth. I was lucky enough to walk past her house on the way to my dad's house, walking to the bus station or riding my bike to school. I am inspired by her innovative designs which were ahead of their time. The flexible design incorporates many different aspects so seamlessly it is an inspirational quality I try and follow in my studies.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

Technological transformation: In the early days of the design process Wigglesworth's intention was to look for a construction technique without a history. This led to the development of the bale building. The ‘hairy’ walls comprised 550 Cotswold barley straw bales, a thin timber frame and a ventilated steel screen to prevent the bales from rotting. Stock Orchard Street is a bio-based, reused and self-made building, called a modern example of vernacular architecture.

Urbanisation and industrialisation: Wigglesworth transformed ecological architecture from dull and unworthy of the title ‘green’.  To one which is distinct in its appearance and function.  Wigglesworth's urbanisation of the site started in January 1994, finding 9/10 Orchard Street in an auction catalogue. The previous use was in the secondary sector, making leaf springs for classic cars. This has transformed into the Quaternary sector offices for her and her husband. This has also attracted an influx of people, family and friends of the owners. Lastly, she included the community in the project by allowing the public to let people in to see the home once a year.

Cultural enlightenment: Stock Orchard House emphasises individualism in every detail. One example is the dining room table. The dual identity of a living and workspace is an exploration into the life of working and living in the same place. Wigglesworth contradicts the idea of capitalism that the men leave home, and work and women stay and care for the household. She highlights how there is little distinction between home and the workplace as they are both sites of production. Wigglesworth avoids tradition and created a space for social collaboration, networking and other parts for quiet contemplation

By Grace Aiamble-Lina

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Location: Leeds, England

Architect: Julia Cano, acme architects

Year: 2016

Typology and social value: The Victoria Gate is a shopping centre in the heart of Leeds paying homage to the Victoria Quarter shopping centre across the street and acts and a continuation of the shopping loop. Its home to luxury shops such as john lewis and Rolex and offers a high end shopping experience. The centre also offers many dining options and often hosts events and pop ups such as art installations and special exhibits giving a voice to the Leeds residents. The Victoria Gate has also provided 1500 employment opportunities with 500 construction jobs and 1000 retail and leisure roles.

Reason for choosing : Victoria Gate follows many of the principles of what a modern building should be and revitalises the centre of Leeds. It fits nicely into the plot and seamlessly adding to the experience of the city. It also follows many sustainability goals with 98% of the waste from construction and demolition being diverted from landfill.

Three core issues:

1. One reason this can be classed as a modern building is how the facades and design features are incorporated to reflect the city and its history. For example on the east side of the building, there is a terracotta facade that pays homage to the Victorian buildings in the area. Another example is the patterned stone floor that is based on the Leeds woollen herringbone cloth. Subtle details like this that allow the building to blend in while still being something new and exciting makes it a good example of a modern building.

2. Another reason that makes it a good modern building is its integration into the city. It’s a natural extension of the existing Victorian arcade with the circulation flowing between the two halves seamlessly separated only by a road. It also makes routes through the building that were not possible before the construction which cuts down travel time for non shoppers as well. The thought of its impact on everyone was also heavily considered by the architect making it a good modern building.

3. Finally its effects on the local people and area with it encouraging more community with its events as well as creating thousands of more jobs. Ultimately a building like this should improve people's lives even if the shopping element is unobtainable to a lot of people, the building still had a net positive impact making it a good modern building.

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Location: Jixi, China

Architect: Atelier Li Xinggang (architectress: Yiting Zhang, Lingjie Yi, Manlin Zhong)

Date Built:2013

Typology and social value: In order to preserve as many of the existing trees on the site as possible, multiple courtyards, patios and lanes are introduced into the overall layout of the building, and at the same time as a reinterpretation of the spatial layout of the vernacular Huizhou architecture, and creating comfortable outdoor spaces.Triangular steel structural trusses (their slopes are derived from the local building) adapt well to the undulating roof. Local building materials such as bricks, clay roof tiles are used in modern and innovative ways to pay respect to history yet respond to our own times.

Reason for choosing：I chose this building for several reasons. The first reason is the participation of female architects in the design; the second reason is the integration of the building with the entire urban form; the third reason is the development of Hui-style architecture; and the fourth reason is to transform the original function into a multi-functional historical and cultural comprehensive museum.

Name of sudent:

Siyu.Wu

third reason is the development of Hui-style architecture; and the fourth reason is to transform the original function into a multi-functional historical and cultural comprehensive museum.

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12-号展厅室内（夏至摄）

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Location: Bristol UK

Architecture practice: Emmett Russell Architects (Victoria Emmett and Tom Russell)

Date completed: 4th of August 2020

Typology and social Values: It is a comfortably sized property that provides a nurturing space for a young family in the Redland area of Bristol. The building was built in the garden of the original property and aims to minimise the embedded carbon through a various means. This includes the implementation of a super insulated envelope, minimising the energy loss during the heating of the structure. It Does this by using Warmcel Recycled newspaper insulation. This both provides a highly insulator layer meaning less energy would be lost to the environment.

`Reasons for choosing this building: It sits within an area of Bristol that I think is pleasant with really nice examples of Victorian properties and it shows that modern buildings can co-exist with the historic

What Makes it a modern building: It is modern as it has the general minimalist features that is very common with modern buildings but at the forefront of the design process was the consideration of modern day problems such as sustainability, climate change and shortage of housing stock.

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Location: York, North Yorkshire, England

Architect name: Martha MacKinnon

Date built: 21st April 2020

Typology and social value:

Hospital for adults and older people, focusing on mental health support. Winner of Best Interior Design in the Patient Environment class at Building Better Healthcare Awards 2020. It has four 18-bed wards, two for adults and two for older people. The older people’s unit is split into functional illnesses (depression, anxiety, etc) and organic illnesses (dementia, Alzheimer's, etc).

Reason for selecting this building:

The architects on this project worked very closely with the local community and the carers and clinical staff to provide a space that is of maximum benefit to the patients, while helping to battle the stigma surrounding mental health facilities. This is something that I believe is essential and should be encouraged with all projects of this nature. The negative connotations associated with mental health facilities is something that can discourage people from seeking the help they need and can therefore have detrimental effects on many people’s lives so creating such an inviting and accepting space for this hospital will have a great positive consequence on the surrounding community.

What makes this a modern building?

1. Consideration was put into the interior spaces in terms of colour scheme, views and daylighting, using modern psychological studies to improve patient and staff morale.

2. A double height glass facade on the front elevation paired with a series of sculptural elements gives a modern approach to the brickwork exterior that is split into bays that reflect the York street vernacular.

3.  The collaboration between the design team, the clinical staff, and the users of the facility has formed an inclusive design that shows the marriage of the community and the architects.

By Hannah Threlkeld

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Location: Mandaluyong, Philippines

Architect name: Cathy Saldaña

Built date: September 22nd 1967, underwent renovation in 2015.

Social Value: The VRPMC provides help to alleviate the ever increasing medical demand on a busy central thoroughfare with the mission of providing care to patients and their families. It is a prominent structure within Mandaluyong, and steers clear of the sterile, bleak typical hospital rooms that were common during its construction period. Renovations occurring during 2015 to expand the medical centre which was especially important in helping to ensure patient care could be kept to the highest standard during the outbreak of Covid-19.

Reasons for choosing: Cathy Sandaña throughout her works, has shown that sustainability is an intrinsic component of contemporary Filipino design, and has always implemented traditional and sustainable principles such as natural ventilation and rainwater collection. This approach was no different for the VRP Medical Centre. It has become a central beacon of Filipino innovation and is easily recognisable through its modern and sleek design, becoming a source of pride for Filipinos. Whilst researching, I have found that it is a place that provides not only medical care, but also a sense of community due to its location within the heart of Mandaluyong and is easily accessible by foot and local public transport routes.

Three core issues that make it a modern building:

1. The facade made of concrete on top of white and grey horizontal steel beams around the windows which provides shade from most of the direct harsh sun rays which consequently allows drafts of wind to enter, passively cooling down the building. She also includes the colours of the Mt. Grace healthcare group throughout the facade, being both functional, modest and respectful. Her design approach revolves around people and improving their overall experience without requiring excessive manual cooling devices in a tropical climate. Steel is also a more sustainable material due to its versatility, strength and ability to be repurposed.

2. Another modern characteristic includes the open plan patient rooms. This space is used efficiently and privacy is still a functioning feature once the full length curtains around a patient’s bed are drawn to prevent spreading of contact, however patients are still able to converse with one another and families are able to visit ensuring that patients don’t feel isolated in a new environment. This isn’t typical for hospitals but through proper hygiene and mindfulness of the staff, including a viable distance of each bed from on another, it becomes a great alternative to boxed in sterile, bland rooms.

3. The VRP has a minimalistic modern design with sharp defined edges coupled with a flat roof for quicker construction and easier maintenance which was typical for buildings of the same era. The building also has a lot of windows for natural lighting which is another defining modern aspect, but due to the facade, the drawbacks typical for large windows (heat gain) is greatly reduced.

Name: Heleyna Bergado 201734799

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Location- 26 Withey Close West, Bristol, United Kingdom

Architect name- Electrical Association for Women (EAW), Dorothy Newman and Adrian Powell

Date Built- 1935

Typology and Social Value- The building was made to be a suburban family home and is used for that purpose to this day. The home was designed to run fully on electricity to steer away from the coal-powered dwellings of the time. It uses technology such as refrigerators, electric hobs and clocks, which would soon become essential in all households. Although from the exterior it appears to be any other modernist home the message behind the design is a strong message of change for women’s rights and lifestyles. The all-electric house sent a message for women around the world showing that they could have a life outside the home and be more than just housewives.

Reason for choosing this building- I chose this building as I felt it was a key step in developing female independence and a life beyond the stereotypical housewife role which dominated society during the 1930s. This home changed the stereotype and although it still viewed women as the carer of the home it used technology to streamline household chores and allowed women to have a life outside of the house. Although one of the lead architects on this project was a man, Adrian Powell, the EAW and Dorothy Newman had equal control over the design and key uses of the building, making it a home for women. I also feel the overall design of the home especially its use of an all-white exterior façade makes it stand out in its redbrick terrace estate

Three core issues make this a modern building-

1-       The all-electric house follows the rules of modernism and minimalism in its exterior design, implementing simplicity via the use of clean lines, functional forms and a minimalistic exterior façade.

2-         Modern buildings often implement open floor plans to create an airy open interior space, the all-electric house also implements this technique. The ground floor space has numerous open-plan areas, creating a communal space where movement is free-flowing between the key living areas. This then transitions into a much more private space upstairs, with the bedrooms and bathroom.

3-       As the name suggests, the use of electricity in this home is abundant and is a definite transition from the homes of the time towards a modern design. The all-electric house implements numerous technological aids, unseen at the time, which are now viewed as essentials in every modern-day home.

Name of Student- Rowan Daniels

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Location: Leeds UK

Architect: Julia Cano (lead designer

and project architect)

Date Built: 2011-2016

Typology and social value:

Since its completion the Victoria gate development has provided 1,500 employment opportunities in retail, hospitality and construction. With 522 new construction jobs and over 1000 retail jobs. The Victoria gate, although a retail building, is a 165m investment in an area of Leeds that has been underdeveloped for many years. It replaced a disused, 1960s police station. The Hexi-grid façade, inspired by fabric patterns, provides a visual history of the rich textile industry in Leeds, creating a cultural landmark for the surrounding area. The development does not infringe on the local outdoor market on the adjacent site and the car park provides another way to access Leeds city centre, benefiting business and tourism in the city centre of Leeds.

Reason for choosing:

I chose this building due to its elegant and clever façade; I appreciate the way it references the textile industry through its Hexi-grid design, and I admire the way it uses reconstituted stone for the façade design. I find the scale of the project impressive as it is one of the largest retail developments outside London, which is why I wanted to highlight Julia Cano. She was the lead designer of the façade and concept design of this building which is a unique and beautiful design. Julia Cano has worked on many famous projects around the world with the likes of Heatherwick studios and deserves recognition for the iconic buildings which she has led in the design process.

Three core issues that make it a modern building:

Sustainable approach to façade design:

The use of reconstituted stone to create the diagrid façade, is a more sustainable approach in use of materials. The external material choice tries to reduce the embodied carbon of the building by using terracotta tiles which are produced locally. In terms of construction, 98% of waste was diverted from landfill.

Façade design:

The textured stone facade creates shadows and visual interest. This is especially important as there are few windows in the design. The building uses twisted aluminium fins with four different types of twists. This allows ventilation for the car park but also gives the impression of the Hexi-grid pattern. Glazed terracotta adds texture and gives the impression of woven fabric but also adds variation in the stone façade. The colour palette is consistent, with golden embellishments adding some contrast to the stone and brick. As a result, the façade has a sculptural form. This attention to detail, which is lacking in many new developments, means it will maintain a visually interesting building for the future.

Use of materials:

The choice to use red brick and light-coloured stone is a response to the material palette of the surrounding buildings. The use of curtain wall glazing gives the impression of an open-air shopping arcades, like the many Victorian ones around the Victoria quarter in Leeds. The building uses modern construction techniques. For example, the anodised aluminium fins, used in the carpark, are coated in a protective oxide layer through the electrolysis process. Acid etched finishes are used, giving the stone a more natural appearance and the façade is created by 20-ton pre-cast panels. The combination of traditional building materials and modern construction techniques make this a modern building that is considerate within its historical context.

Luas Broadberry

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Location: Cumberland, Cumbria, CA8

Date: 1937

The Grade II listed building was designed by Sadie Speight and her husband Leslie Martin for Alastair Morton.

The typology of the house simply represents a more traditional country house. This is due to many factors;

Architectural Style: There are some classic features in the house. A blend of Georgian or Victorian influences are shown. Examples are some symmetrical facades and large windows.

Materials: The use of local stone or brick is used, and slate roofing also reflects the regional architecture.

Layout: Typically includes multiple levels with spacious rooms, often featuring high ceilings. The house is two stories high, reflecting traditional UK country dwellings.

Surroundings: Set in landscaped gardens or natural settings, emphasizing the connection to the picturesque landscape of the Lake District.

Functionality: The building now serves as a private residence, holiday accommodation, or a venue for events, often catering to visitors seeking a tranquil countryside experience.

The reason I chose this building is that I initially found it interesting that Sadie worked with her husband, Leslie Martin to design this house. And in particular, designed it for a particular use. A standout aspect is the large window above the garage which captures lots of light and is used for his studio. Another reason this was a standout building for me is its design, in particular the aesthetics of the exterior. The use of materials bode well with its style, creating a building that no doubt stood out during its placement in 1937.

Brackenfell house, as traditional as it may seem, also has some elements that can make an argument for it to be a modern building. The three core issues that make this argument are;

-          Design: As well as classic features in the house, it also features many modern aspects too. It has large windows with an open plan interior, meaning more light can access into more areas of the building. As well as capturing the views from the natural landscape.

-          Adaptability – The house was designed for textile artist and company owner Alastair Morton. The large window above the garage provides soft light for his studio.

-          Materiality – The use of brick and stone is arguably a modern use of its materials at the time. Particularly the way they were used. With 90 degree cut edges and many parallel and perpendicular lines of interest, fitting into the end of the Art Deco era.

Dan Sharples

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Location = Liverpool, England

Architects = Jade Meeks and Nikki Hills, part of Ellis Williams architect firm

Date built = March 2022

Typology and social value = The Yoko Ono Lennon centre is an important building situated on Liverpool University campus, inside it houses the Tung auditorium which has 400 seats as well as room for a 70-piece orchestra, as well as this it also has 2 large lecture theatres one of which being the Paul Brett lecture theatre which houses 600 seats for students. The building also has many other facilities such as seminar rooms and public areas for socialising. The building itself is a significant addition to the Liverpool campus and is a key part of the campus for many students who use the building for their education and performances. The building itself also has won the MSA award highlighting the building and its excellence.

Reason for choosing = The reason I chose this building was due to the relation it has to me as being part of Liverpool University. As well as this I felt like the building has an important meaning on the campus due to the fact it is dedicated towards Yoko Ono Lennon who was a past graduate, as well as this one of the architects (Jade Meeks) who designed the building was also a graduate from Liverpool University. This makes the building feel a lot closer to the university and campus. On top of this I also really like the aesthetics of the red bricks used on the building and the style it adds to the campus.

Core issues =

1-       Smaller building footprint = The building was designed with a smaller building footprint to accommodate for other features to be added to the site, due to the smaller footprint it allowed there to be a small, linear public park next to the main public route. This was achieved by arranging the lecture theatres vertically, due to this factor it also helped to accommodate the volume and height of the Tung auditorium.

2-       Acoustic abilities = The Tung auditorium features many modern capabilities to allow it to be adapted to various types of performances such as pianists, singers and a 70-piece orchestra. This was done in the way that the room was designed by the architects as well as using modern acoustic technology to change the room to feature each varying performance.

3-       Campus additions = The Yoko Ono Lennon centre has added a key addition to the campus providing many new circulation routes for students and visitors to the area. The building has been designed to help it provide circulation routes to the Sydney Jones library as other destinations round campus. As well as this it has provided a key addition for events and concerts held by the university and others.

Sam McGivern

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Location: Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Architect: Meng Liu

• Completion: 2017

• Opening time: 2017.

- Surrounding environment introduction:

Located in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, the building is a modern, integrated commercial and cultural space. The neighborhood contains several important technological, commercial and cultural districts, further enhancing the plaza's geographical advantages and attractiveness.

The building's close proximity to the China Resources Headquarters Base and the Nanshan Science and Technology Park, as important commercial and technological centers in Shenzhen, provides a large number of office and business support services, as well as a large amount of foot traffic for MixC World, and the nearby Shenzhen Bay Venture Plaza also brings a large amount of business and social demand to MixC World.

At the same time, not far from the plaza is Shenzhen University as an important academic institution, a strong cultural atmosphere and MixC World's fashion and culture complement each other, attracting a large number of young people to come to shopping and participate in the activities, Nanshan Culture and Sports Center is also a strong cultural atmosphere to provide a combination of shopping and leisure integrated experience.

The building aims to create an open, inclusive and multi-functional urban living space through modern architectural design and a diverse functional layout that promotes social attributes, cultural exchanges and an enhanced quality of life for the residents in the neighborhood. The plaza is designed and operated to create an inclusive and open public space that promotes the integration of culture and commerce, enhances gender equality and social justice, and provides a diverse range of social and lifestyle opportunities.

As the area is a high-tech business and cultural district with social inequality issues such as rapid urbanization and high housing prices, the low-income working class is under pressure. The building is designed to provide an open and inclusive social space that promotes social integration and bridges the gap between the upscale residential area and the surrounding low-wage class residents. The design of this building not only focuses on commercial functions, but also provides the community with free access to cultural activities and social spaces, and through its inclusive spatial design and attention to the needs of the community, it becomes a place of great social value to the local community.

I chose this building because of my expectations of inclusiveness, social justice and gender equality in Guangdong, especially as Guangdong is a famously developing city in China, and the need for citizens to be inclusive and mindful of the equality of people throughout society. I am concerned that in the process of rapid development, some people's needs may be neglected due to the demands of economic development, but MixC World is a modern, multi-functional commercial and cultural complex. Designed by Meng Liu as the lead designer, it focuses on openness, inclusiveness and diversity, reflecting the modern city's focus on public space, gender equality and social justice. Through the open block design, the integration of culture and commerce, as well as the focus on green and diverse public amenities, Vientiane Place enhances the shopping experience and creates an urban living space that integrates art, culture, leisure, and socialization, demonstrating the unique perspectives and social responsibility of women architects in design. As a building created by looking at society from the perspective of a female designer, this building can serve as a model and benchmark for how future architecture can take care of the needs of a wide variety of people, demonstrating a program that respects citizens while creating a modern city.

Reasons for choosing this building :

1. Innovative design

The design of the building is innovative, focusing on development while at the same time taking into account the dissemination of culture.

2. Consideration is given to the problems that exist in modern societyThe design takes into account social justice, taking care of people in need of care, while focusing on the theme of gender equality.

3. Purpose of the building:

The design of this building promotes culture and commerce while taking into account economic development, while realizing equity and feminism in the installation of facilities, reflecting a focus on inclusiveness and diversity of identities, while rejecting discrimination and giving more care to those who need it.

Submitted by: Qizhe Tang

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Location: Aldham Robarts Library, Liverpool John Moores University

Female Architect and Practice: Katie Oneill, Sheppard Robson

Year (completion): 2013

Typology: Library

Social Value:

The pavilion extends not only onto the existing building but also into the wider community and serves as a primary source of education for the students and the public of Liverpool. It is a vital institution that maintains the cultural heritage of Liverpool and becomes a hub for people to connect and have insights into fundamental learning facilities. From its white façade that has cascades of environmental shadows, the installations animate the pavilion throughout the day creating a sense of imagination and inspiration for the younger public that will return to pursue education at a later date.

Reason for selection of Building:

An integral aspect of my upbringing would be the ostentatious display of architecture in Liverpool. Drafting and prompting up my sketchbook and then denoting the maturity of my drawing has been a strong feature of my life so far, initially done through a series of visits to The Aldham Robarts Library with my sister, who advocated intense dedication and passion for women having access to education. At the time, she was studying cyber security in Liverpool and was 1 of 3 women on her course. Her image as a woman in education significantly influenced my perspective on achieving academically in fields of work that are not dominated by women. So not only did this building promote significance for women in architecture but was nostalgic to me and I was shown that I could pursue any career as a woman in STEM. Not only does this Library represent the feminist movements of architecture, but it also has a personal significance for me. Each day I will pass this building on my way to university, and it serves as a reminder that I pursued architecture and overcame the metaphorical barrier that women do not belong in vocational roles. These events only illustrated a path of self-expression and amplified my interest in women in architecture.

The Three Core Issues that make this a Modern Building:

-            The two-floored building has full-length vertical white fins that divide the window panels into threads of natural light that open the space to a serene studio that animates the pavilion and enables the building to integrate into its new habitat

-            This integrating Library is a vital educational resource that supports individual growth and prioritises students to thrive both socially and academically for community engagement and empowerment

-            The innovation of the pavilion challenges the traditional constructive methods by integrating the traditional library into the extended pavilion. This transformation was designed not to interfere with the public pre-existing environment but to enhance the structure from the outside and enhance the picturesque views of the city from the inside

These ideas formed the main concept of the project and illustrate how access to education can influence and produce the visibility of women in STEM. Women in these fields can be obscured and removed from the context, potentially shaping perceptions of their roles in Architecture.

Chris Johnson

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Date - 1991

Name of architect - Denise Scott Brown

Location - 12 St martins st, London, SW1Y 5BS

Reason for choosing this building :

I chose this building because it was designed by Denise Scott Brown and her partner Robert Venturi. However, her involvement was ignored when she was snubbed for the prestigious Pritzker Prize in 1991 which was awarded to her partner Robert Venturi, completely overlooking her work on the project. Therefore, the Sainsbury Wing and Denise Scott Brown herself stand as a feminist statement as they symbolise the demand for equal recognition, credit and respect for women’s work not only in a male dominated field. This post modern building has won the 25 Year Award for a building that has ‘stood the test of time for 25-35 years’ and continues to set the standards of architectural design.

Three core issues that make it a modern building :

The first reason is the buildings postmodern architecture. The west wing extension embraces a post modern design by embracing both historical and modern aspects. The historical elements being columns and arches. The building design recognises and explores the then and the now which differs from the traditional minimal modernism.

The second reason is the advanced lighting and climate control systems which is used to protect the artwork. The extension was designed to provide both natural and artificial lighting to create a comfortable and inviting space for guests whilst using calibrated lighting to protect the pieces of art.

The third reason is the west wings layout as it prioritises flow and accessibility which reflects the feminist approach to a more inclusive and user focused building. The wing includes elevators and ramps showing modern view points and designs as the building is providing accessibility for all.

Name of student - Paige Browne

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Location: Didsbury, Manchester

Architect: Annabelle Tugby (Annabelle & co.)

Date built: 2019

Social value: The terracotta house was constructed to go with an existing 1903 mock Tudor house that has grown to be a prominent property in the local community for its historical value. By using soft rustic red brick for the ground floor walls to match the materials of the adjacent property, this modern home blends in with the old structure and upgrades the site's setting. The large, transparent sliding doors facing both gardens on opposite elevations blur the interior and exterior spaces across the layout, providing active views and lots of sunlight throughout the day. The texture and inconsistencies formed by the hand-made terracotta tiles imitate the leaves of the surrounding trees, reinforcing the connection to the natural surrounding environment.

Choice reasoning: I chose this building because of the thoughtful planning that went into integrating the structure with the surrounding landscape in ways like having two open courtyards that provide solitude from the park while connecting it to its surroundings. The architect is inspiring in how she demonstrates great concern for what her client wants and the local environment throughout the design and construction process of the house, and she has showed remarkable perseverance despite being denied permission to begin work on this structure since the local community rejected her original concept. After considerable thought and discussion, it was decided that the primary goal of the house's design would be to enhance the surrounding area and blend in with the existing structure without overwhelming over the space. Reading about this project has been inspiring because it has shown me that every choice has a deeper meaning, and that even seemingly simple or uninteresting buildings are much more complex than they may appear. It additionally demonstrated how important it is to be mindful of a site's surroundings in order to avoid disturbing any natural or man-made environments.

Three core issues:

1. Traditional and high-quality materials such as brick, ensure that it lasts and maintains its appeal for years to come. While it is created using traditional materials like brick, it still has a distinct modern appearance.

2.  Contextual fit – respect the building's surroundings; the project was designed to not affect the pre-existing environment. Terracotta tiles as a roof finish and cladding on the first level walls reduce the building's visible height, making it submissive to the existing house.

3. focus on human experience connection to the natural environment - the window placement on the higher floor welcome views of the nearby park to the south and benefit from evening sun from the west side of the site, capturing as much of the sun's path as possible. Rooflights over stairs bring in natural light, reducing the demand for artificial lighting and therefore saving/preserving energy.

Paige Cornish

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The Storyhouse

Location - Chester, England

Architect - Louise Sheridan

Date Built - 2017

Typology and social value - The inclusive, accessible, occupant-centred design of the Storyhouse facilitates a variety of activities including theatre, workshops and community events. The flexibility of it’s spaces enriches the community of Chester by acting as a social and cultural hub.

Reason for picking - Sheridan’s work is impactful by reclaiming spaces for diverse communities; she considers groups historically excluded from the design process. This contributes to the feminist architecture movement by reminding us architecture should reflect the diversity of the community it serves.

3 core issues that make it a modern building

-Heritage preservation and modern functionality: The renovation of the Storyhouse restored the original art deco elements to the design which celebrates Chester’s rich architectural history whilst also adapting the interior to incorporate multi-functional spaces for versatile use.

-Sustainability: The Storyhouse was designed with sustainability at the forefront of the design process and includes sustainable lighting, heating and ventilation systems that meet modern standards.

-Integration with technology: The Storyhouse has integrated modern technology to enhance it’s functionality for example automated systems for energy efficiency and multi-use audio-visual displays.

Betty Fisher

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Designed by Lilly Lewarne Practice with Gill Moran as the Director of this Project

Completed by 2020

The building is an extension of the Headland Hotel for their Spa and pool, allowing customers to capitalise on their time away with an opportunity to relax and revitalise with massages and treatments.

I chose this buiilding as it is a good example of a modern, non-intrusive extension to an already prominent building in the local area (The Headland Hotel). I also chose the extension project as the form of the building is very specifically chosen due to its surrounding cliff-top environment e.g The back walls and wooden facade attempt to echo the crashing waves on the headland it sits on.

i consider this a modern building because

1. Its architectural design showcases large glass walls, sleek and clean lines combined with an open layout. This modern characteristic of buildings enhances the connection between the interior and exterior spaces with the surrounding environment.

2. While the extension is new its uses modern sutainable design features such as water recycling systems, energy efficient heating and environmentally friendly materials that reflect a modern commitment to reducing the effects of climate change whilst still bringing new buildings to the site.

3. Despite the building using natural and locally sourced materials to form its exterior facade the interior of the extension reflect a minimalist, luxurious design with basic hues / colour palattes which is a very common characteristic of modern architecture.

Greg Dunn-Rundle

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Brighton Festival, the Hove Seafront, in the UK

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Location: Brighton, UK

architect name: Marwa Al-Sabouni

date built: 7 May 2022 Brighton Festival

Typology and social value: The Riwaq pavilion, designed by Marwa Al-Sabouni and Ghassan Jansiz for the Brighton Festival, is a cultural hub on the Hove waterfront inspired by traditional Arabic colonnades. Its horseshoe shape fosters community interaction, hosting diverse arts events that encourage unity and cultural exchange through activities like dance and storytelling.

Reason for choosing/selecting this building:

I think it represents perfectly how team work really does matter as this project not only made a connection of unity between different cultures and boundaries that people may have, this building is not only a connection from heritage its also a connection to the people to work together, coming from a person who have lived in Syria this brings a lot of good memories of our land, culture and values.

Three core issues that make this a modern building

1. Situated on the waterfront in Hove, UK, it combines modern architecture with traditional Arabic features.

2. By providing an open, accessible venue for a range of cultural activities, the pavilion fosters diversity and places an emphasis on social involvement.

3. Its adaptable design enables it to fulfil a variety of purposes throughout the festival and is in line with contemporary concepts of sustainability and temporary architecture.

Laith Kummush

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Kordan, Iran

Medicinal Herbs Garden Museum

location: Kordan, Iran
architect name: Sanaz Ghaemmaghami
date built: 2016
typology and social value: the Medicinal Herbs Garden Museum typologically serves as an educational and cultural space, while socially, it offers value in promoting health, preserving cultural knowledge, and engaging communities in sustainable practices.
reason for choosing/selecting this building: I chose the Medicinal Herbs Garden Museum designed by Sanaz Ghaemmaghami because it reflects a harmonious blend of sustainability, culture, and health—topics that are increasingly relevant in today’s architectural discourse. The building not only serves as an educational space for the promotion of natural and holistic healthcare through medicinal herbs but also integrates sustainable design principles, which align with my interest in architecture that prioritizes environmental responsibility.
the three core issues that make this a modern building:

1. Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Design

2. Educational and Community Engagement

3. Blending Tradition with Innovation
name of student: Mina Nazari

Location

Kordan, Alborz Province, Iran

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Location: Qinhuangdao,China

Architect name: OPEN Architecture

Date built: 2018

Typology and social value:

The UCCA Dune Art Museum is carved into the sand, where it gently disappears. The reason why the art museum is created underneath the dunes was the reverence for nature and desire to protect the vulnerable dune ecosystem, because in light of the museum, these sand dunes will be preserved instead of leveled to make space for ocean-view real estate developments.

Reason for choosing/selecting this building:

OPEN Architecture was founded by female architect Wenjing Huang and Hu Li in 2003. Her work has always had a special style. Her design is very delicate, and she can pay attention to the society, the environment and many factors. The museum, located in a special sand dune setting, has a striking design concept and outcome.

The three core issues that make this a modern building:

1. Simplicity: The Dune Art Museum is in unique style with simple shapes and lines.

2. Open space: The internal space is continuous and airy, with introduce of natural light.

3. Environmental friendly: The design of the art museum is mainly considered of the protection of the natural habitat if sand dunes in Qinhuangdao.

Jingyan Xu

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Location: Brampton, Cumbria

Architects: Sadie Speight and Leslie Martin

Date built: 1938

Typology and social value

Brackenfell is a grade II listed private residential housing designed for an abstract painter and textile designer. The painters studio is designed as a focal point to the building.

Reason for choosing

The building successfully blends into the surrounding urban environment while simultaneously showing off unique characteristics. In the local area, most other residential buildings follow the same style with little differentiation between them, this home stood out to me with strong individual character.

Three core issues that make this a modern building

●      Innovative design: The building displays prominent characteristics where the architects challenges design norms with experimental building forms and layout. The exterior displays unique facades made up of irregular window and walls; the entrance uses cantilevered overhangs to create a distinct focal point above the entryway that distinguish from the local traditional styles.

●      Prioritising functionality: The architects have designed the layout to fit the clients needs, the studio space is purposely designed for a designer, prioritizing functionality for the occupier

●      Responding to the environment: The building integrates with the environment by responding to the sites climate. The architect designed the studio to span the full width of the building including large raking windows facing the north and the south, prioritizing natural light for the designers space and creating indoor-outdoor connections.

Hannah Leafe

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Location: Birmingham, United Kingdom

Architect: Francine Houben

Date Built: May 2013

Typology: The library serves as a cultural civic building acting as both a education and cultural hub for the surrounding community.

Social Value: The library holds immense social value, offering the community free access to educational resources through extensive literature collections, digital media facilities and resources that might otherwise be out of reach for many city residents. Additionally, the building showcases historic and cultural exhibits that celebrate Birmingham’s heritage, fostering a sense of pride and belonging. Through these features, the library not only serves as a knowledge hub but also as a cultural landmark that connects the community to its shared history.

Reason for choosing: I chose the Library of Birmingham because it offers a fresh perspective on what a library can be, with modern shapes and materials that reflect the city’s industrial heritage. Its exterior, covered in intricate metal patterns, tells a story of Birmingham’s growth through its canals and factories during Britain’s industrialisation. The library achieves this while upholding a strong commitment to education, supporting various forms of media to serve the community's diverse needs.

Three Core Issues:

-Contemporary design: The building’s design, with its use of simple forms and a metal exterior, is a defining element of its modernity. Its structure is distilled into two primary shapes, giving it a distinctive appearance that sets it apart from its surroundings. This minimalist approach, combined with unique materials, reflects contemporary architectural trends that prioritise both aesthetic impact and innovative simplicity.

-Sustainability: The building’s construction and operations were specifically designed to reduce carbon emissions, highlighting its commitment to sustainability. This focus on low environmental impact reflects a core issue in modern architecture, where the push toward net-zero carbon emissions is a driving force for innovation and progress.

-Community Centred Design: The building features expansive open spaces that allow natural light to penetrate deeply, creating a bright, inviting atmosphere. Sections of the building are linked by passages featuring interactive displays, immersing visitors in stories and narratives that enhance understanding. This design is especially impactful in the Shakespeare exhibit, which explores the traditional architecture of his era, creating a distinctive experience that contextualises and enriches the visual journey for visitors.

Name: Romeo Mlangeni

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Location: Liverpool, England

Constructed: 2022

Architect: Jade Meeks (Ellis Williams Architects)

Typology and social value: The main function of the building is to be an auditorium for the University Of Liverpool, which has enough space for a 70 piece orchestra along with 600 seats. The Yoko Ono Lennon center provides a state of the art space for people who are studying music at the university.

Reason for choosing: My main reason for choosing the building is that it was designed by an alumnus of this university (Jade Meeks), and is also located on campus. I also absolutely love the aesthetics of the building, especially its interesting shape.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

1. The acoustic technology within the building which ensures that high quality sound can be heard all around the auditoriums seating space. The brick type was also selected for its acoustic insulation, to ensure that noise pollution from the outside can not be heard on the inside.

2. The building focuses on verticality to reduce footprint size, all of the lecture theatres within the center are arranged and stacked vertically.

3. The building is extremely wheelchair accessible in all areas, for example a ramp leading up to the entrance which has automatic doors, there are also wheelchair spaces within the auditorium and lifts leading between the floors. Every level of the building also has accessible toilets.

(Alfie Waller)

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Location: Nottingham

Architect: Lucia D’Alessio (At Alan Joyce Architects Ltd)

Date Finished: 2018

Social Value:

This building is a college accommodating over 700 students for the Confetti Institute of Creative Education (part of Nottingham Trent University). The Confetti Digital Media Hub is a secure space for students, providing: social spaces, learning resources and education. The building follows the BREEAM standards making it a sustainable building for the city centre. Its contemporary design creates an uplifting building for the area, adding to the city centre attractions and benefiting other local businesses.

Reason for choosing this building

This building has provided education for many of my friends and pears in Nottingham giving them pride to go to a collage. It serves a wide demographic of students. Its modern and aesthetically pleasing design gives the area in town an uplift.

The meeting of the BREEAM Gold standard shows that large projects in my home town can be sustainable as well as looking good and being ergonomic at at the same time.

Three core issues:

This building fits the BREEAM sustainable standard, by utilising modern technologies: exposed thermal mass, night-time purge ventilation and demand-lead ventilation control techniques. These resulted in a A rated energy performance certificated building and a BREEAM excellent rating.

The use of modern materials and geometric shapes make it stand out as a contemporary design. Weathered steel cladding as a rain screen and aluminium curtain walling, which is 100 recycled material, show the uses of new and appropriate materials for the building.

Confetti specialises in teaching preforming arts, media and musics studies providing a unique place to learn these ‘unconventional skills’. The school and building is fully accessible for anyone through the use of ramps and lifts as well as having a heavily diverse student and teacher base.

Joel Norridge : 201727169

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Location: Hoxton, London

Architect: Naila Yousuf (Wright & Wright Architects)

Date Built: 2021 (existing building in 1714)

Typology and Social value: The museum of the home is a museum built into 300 year old almhouses in Hoxton. In 1911 these houses were brought and changed into an exhibition space before finally becoming a museum,  for furniture, developing into the museum of the home.  It demonstrates the different living conditions and styles through the years nothing inside the house and through to the gardens.

Choice reasoning: The museum demonstrates how a building can be repurposed and redeveloped through time to actively suit its environment, and the needs of the people around d the area.  It is a place where I have visited a few times, both before and after the most recent refurbishment, and the changes altered the whole feel of the museum and made the design more coherent.

Three core issues:

1. The building has been made to be entirely accessible, catering for anyone who would visit the building and the area immediately around it.

2. The modern sections of the building have been blended into the old original buildings, connecting them and adding sections that may have been overlooked previously.

3. The building implements new technology and design requirements into an old preexisting building, bringing it back into the standards of today's buildings.

By: Joseph Perry

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Location: Gaoming, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China

Architect name: Jiang Ying (O-office Architects)

Date built: Original tea yard established in 1951; Renovation completed in 2020

Typology and social value: Originally a state-run tea plantation and factory, it was a prominent producer in the Pearl River Delta region. Its revival as a cultural and tea production site retains the local tea culture and promotes nostalgia for traditional lifestyles amidst rapid modernization.

Reason for choosing: The project reflects a unique combination of preserving industrial heritage, reviving local culture, and integrating modern spatial concepts within a natural landscape.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

·  Integration of Heritage and Modern Use: The project revives an abandoned industrial site, integrating historical elements with modern design, and promoting cultural and public engagement.

·  Sustainable Architecture: The use of local materials and landscape-sensitive construction showcases an emphasis on ecological sustainability and harmony with nature.

·  Social and Cultural Revival: The adaptive reuse strategy fosters a reconnection to local tea culture and history, creating a bridge between past and present, production and recreation.

Student name: Chen Song

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Location:

Kingston upon tames, south west London, England.

Town House by, Grafton Architects (Yvonne Farrell and Shelly McNamara) Constructed between, 2017-2020

Typology and social value:

town house situated in the heart of the Kingston university campus provides a modernist and very spacious building for students, Kingston university alongside Grafton Architects aimed to create a building that provides a gateway to informal learning. The building provides strong links to the town centre for students ultimately exemplifying its social value to not only the students but to the local community. Kingston university’s unique outlook on education is reflected through the largely open plan interior providing excellent spaces for collaborative work. This is achieved by its use of colonnade which provides a large space without barriers intending to draw students and visitors together through space. This concept is reflected by the collonading facade in the surrey county council building opposite. There are many social aspects to the building from its, interpretation of council building to its social amenity’s such as cafes and performance spaces.

3 core issues that make it modern;

Sustainable design

Firstly the innovative design with sustainability in mind, Grafton architects have incorporated energy efficient systems such as its use of robust and high quality materials, one of these being the concrete frame which was produced through the use of cement replacements and precast units. The cement also utilises thermal mass to keep the indoor temperature regulated in order to reduce energy usage. All of which which ultimately reduce the carbon footprint of the building.

Open planned space

Untraditional to an educational building the town house building is vastly open planned with over 50 percent of the 9,400sqm being open. This not only provides a unique and modernist stance on teaching and learning but also allows of multiple different uses for example it can be used for quiet study during the day aswell as providing space for students to perform in the evenings.

Natural light and ventilation (windows)

The Use of natural light which reflects of the white interior creating an open and airy space produces a modern feel to the space. Natural ventilation with mechanical windows provides an easy and effortless method of natural ventilation ultimately producing thermal comfort in the summer months. This is also seen in its use of landscaping where existing trees shade the large windows in summer months. As well as 3 large balcony’s also ensuring the building doesn’t overheat due to its large windows.

Name of student,

Amelia Greenway

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Location: Brixton, London

Architect: Magda Borowiecka

Date built: 1981

Typology and social value:

The southwyck housing estate is characterised by its raw concrete structure and bold geometric forms, typical of brutalist architecture. demonstrating a key example of post-war social housing in London, this style was aimed at providing functional living spaces, while making statement about modernity. Utilising concrete is cost effective and aids in efficiency in construction, which was essential during the post-war housing. The estate includes a mix of flats and maisonettes, catering to different family sizes and needs. This diversity is crucial for accommodating a wide range of residents, while maximising the use of available land. Through this, a vibrant and dynamic living environment can be achieved, reflecting the principles of social housing and a community oriented design. Southwyck is significant as it reflects the social housing policies of the time, aiming to provide affordable housing in urban areas. It represents a response to the housing crisis faced in post-war Britain. The estate’s design incorporates principles of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). Including features like well-lit public spaces, clear sightliness, and active street fronts, reducing opportunities for crime by increasing visibility and natural surveillance.

The housing is strategically located near essential services, like schools and healthcare facilities. This accessibility enhances the quality of life for residents, ensuring they can meet their daily needs without extensive travel. The presence of local businesses additionally encourage economic activity and community engagement.

Reason for choosing this building:

The estate holds emotional resonance as it represents a community space where diverse stories and lives intersect. Its design and the community it fosters can evoke feelings of belonging and identity. A concept that fascinates me, having lived in an isolated house. The innovative, and community infused design by Borowiecka reflect thoughtful design principles that prioritise social interaction and accessibility. Highlighting Borowiecka is crucial as her design exemplifies the often-overlooked influence of women in architecture. Despite the significant impact her design has within the community of Brixton, her work frequently goes unrecognised in historical narratives. Through my research of Southwyck I find it significant to challenge the male-dominated narratives in architecture and advocate for greater recognition of women’s designs.

The three core issues that make this a modern building:

1. The estate features a unique architectural style that reflects contemporary design principles, including the utilisation of raw concrete and bold geometric shapes, typical of the brutalist movement. This modern aesthetic challenges traditional housing designs and embraces new forms.

2. The layout of the estate emphasises communal living, with shared spaces that encourage social interaction among residents. This focus on community is a hallmark of modern housing developments, aiming to create a sense of belonging and connectivity.

3. Southwyck includes sustainable practices, with features that promote natural light and ventilation, contributing to energy efficiency and a healthier living environment for residents.

Student name:

Amy Patel

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Location: University of Liverpool, England

Architect: Ellis Williams Architects (EWA)

date built: Completed & opened 2022

Social Value: Located in Liverpool, also known as the city of music, the Yoko Ono Lennon centre was built in aims of providing a multi-purpose space for performances, university events and lectures.

Reason for choosing: This building gives significant honor to the late and iconic beatles member John Lennon and is named after his wife Yoko Ono who is also an ambassador for this new learning and performance space. Whilst the couple are both extremely musically talented, they both continue to inspire the next generation of musicians and keep the reputation of this 'city of music' alive.

This building was also built to hold a capacity of a 70-piece orchestra and allows for the best acoustics.

Three core issues:

-designed with acoustic specification from arup which can adapt to different styles like jazz, folk, pop, electro-acoustic and experimental music.

-a modern layout to allow for seating up to 400 guests whilst being an adaptable space for different university and public

events

- materiality responds to the context of the sydney jones library with the same use of a concrete plinth. The use of red brick reflects on the University of Liverpool proudly being a red brick university but this also helps in supporting the acoustics.

Posted by Keira Betonio

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Location: Liverpool, UK

Architect name: Harrison Stringfellow Architects (Female-lead)

Date built: Refurbishment took place in 2017.

Typology/social value: Equestrian centre/Riding school- provides opportunities to children and the community.

Reason for choosing building: The project was led by the community to reform a decrypted old theatre. As a result, children were given the opportunity to learn how to ride horses (something they unlikely would have experienced due to the low income area). It is also unexpected, as horses are not usually found in city centres, this breaking of the status quo is similar to how women such as Lina Bo Bardi challenged the typical "image" of an architect.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

1. It is sustainable

By turning the disused cinema to into an Urban Riding centre, there was less carbon emissions than destroying the cinema to build a potentially temporary structure on top. As well as the stable yard for the horses was built using reclaimed and recycled materials.

2. It enriches the community

Dingle is historically a low income/working class area. As a result, the children within the community would have very little access to afterschool activities, let alone something such as horse riding which has always been associated with the upper class. By collaborating with the community, Harrison Stringfellow architects were able to provide free/subsidised riding lesson to the children of the area. This makes it a modern building as it is user centric, which most modern buildings are.

3. Its affordable.

The goal of the Park Palace Ponies was to provide a community service and opportunities (work with local business, jobs and volunteering work). As a result they wanted to save as much money on the creation of the build as possible, this way any unused funds could be put towards the community straight away. This meant the building need as much done for as little as possible in order to function properly. This is a key issue most modern buildings are faced with as architects have to do more with less.

Izzy Stone

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Location: Leeds, England

Architect: Rebecca Ramos

Date: 2020

Typology and social value: The Maggie's Centre is a space connected to St James's Hospital that has been created for the use of cancer patients, providing a place to bring the patients together in a more comfortable and relaxing environment while undergoing treatment.

Reason for choosing: I chose this building as I believe that it's a really inspiring idea to try and make people feel that bit better by creating a space that feels more natural and welcoming, moving away from the traditional rooms found in hospitals that often look very mechanical and make people feel a sense of unease.

Core issues:

1. The structure is built from prefabricated, sustainably sourced spruce timber that form into arches giving the building an almost treehouse like look to it

2. It has a green roof system in place consisting of a concrete slab, insulation and a layer of lightweight aggregate soil beneath the variety of plant species along it that help to provide the building with warmth in the winter months

3. Building is naturally ventilated and uses porous materials such as lime plaster in order to help maintain the internal humidity

Olivia Golding

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Sheikh Abdullah Al Salem Cultural Centre

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Sheikh Abdullah Al Salem Cultural Centre

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Location: Kuwait City, Kuwait

Architect Name: Zahraa Al-Mahdi

Date Built: 2018

Typology: Cultural Centre and Museum Complex

Social Value: One of the biggest museum complexes in the world, the cultural centre offers educational and cultural experiences that honour technology, science, art, and natural history. In Kuwait, it has emerged as a major hub for education and community involvement.

The Sheikh Abdullah Al Salem Cultural Centre is my choice because it combines cultural relevance with contemporary design. It acts as a centre for culture and education, bringing together a variety of exhibitions that stimulate curiosity and learning.

The Three Core Issues that Make This a Modern Building:

Innovative Architecture: The center's design incorporates state-of-the-art structural elements and materials to give it a modern appearance while supporting a range of cultural events.

Sustainability: To reduce its environmental impact, the building incorporates eco-friendly techniques, such as energy-efficient systems and sustainable materials.

Community Engagement: The facility offers instructive and engaging experiences, fostering an environment that promotes education, discovery, and cross-cultural interaction.

Name of Student: Zaid Almutairi

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Architect:

Mikhail Riches, Annalie Riches

Date Built:

Original building completed in 1961

Phase Two regeneration completed in March 2022

Typology and Social Value:

Park Hill is a Grade 2 listed brutalist housing scheme. The Phase Two regeneration scheme provided 195 homes for private sale/rent & 2500m² commercial space. This led to a variety of different flat types, a mixed community and a place where both first-time buyers and families can live, work, and play.

Reason for choice:

I chose this building as although the original structure was designed by a man, the phase two regeneration (as well as the on-going phase four regeneration) was designed by the practice Mikhail Riches; whose founding director is Annalie Riches. There are also many other women who are involved in these projects.

The history behind Park Hill is also what made me choose this building as I have grown up hearing about the stories that have made it the iconic building it is today.

Three Core Issues Making It Modern:

1. Its brutalist structure, consisting of raw concrete, bold geometric shapes and exposed materials highlighted its structure rather than hiding it. This was an introduction to post-war architecture and influential to modernist architecture.

2. The Phase Two renovations successfully preserved the original structure and character while still creating a modernised, energy-efficient environment. This was done through thermal imaging to identify the thermal bridges (often occurring where the exposed concrete was) and adding insulation from the floor to ceiling in each flat to achieve the best thermal performance.

3. The focus of the regeneration completed in 2022 as well as the purpose of the original project in the 1950s was urban renewal and meeting modern living needs. In the 1950s this was achieved by focusing on the renewal of urban housing in the post-war times. Whereas in more recent times, due to new modern standards and ways of living the flats have been reconfigured and modified to suit and accommodate current living needs.

Student Name:

Gracie Tierney-Kitchener

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Location: Guangzhou, China

Architect: Zaha Hadid

Date built: 2006-2010

Typology: Performing Arts Venue.

Social value: The Guangzhou Opera House enhances the cultural identity of the city. It attracts numerous tourists, boosts the local economy, and stands as a symbol of modern architecture. Additionally, it provides a space for cultural events and social interaction within the communities.

Reason for choosing this building: I chose the Guangzhou Opera House because it has both an impressive exterior and a powerful cultural essence. Its design concept, inspired by the flowing river, harmonizes the building with nature. It stands as a landmark in my hometown and serves as an important site for cultural exchange.

3 core issues that makes this a modern building:

1. Innovative Architectural Design: Designed by renowned architect Zaha Hadid, the Guangzhou Opera House's exterior draws inspiration from the natural landscape of the Pearl River, featuring flowing curves and unique geometric forms. This design is not only visually striking but also harmoniously blends with its surroundings, embodying the perfect union of nature and urban space.

2. Advanced Technological Applications: The interior of the opera house incorporates state-of-the-art acoustic technology and building materials, such as glass-fiber reinforced gypsum (GRG), ensuring excellent sound quality and an outstanding experience for audiences. Additionally, the structure's design is highly complex, utilizing numerous modern architectural techniques to achieve its unique form.

3. Multifunctional Cultural Space: The Guangzhou Opera House is not only a venue for performances but also hosts various cultural events and art exhibitions, making it an important platform for cultural exchange in Guangzhou. Its multifunctionality allows it to accommodate different types of performances and events, meeting diverse cultural needs.

Student Name: Feiyang Fang

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V&A Museum Extension (Exhibition Road Quarter)

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V&A Museum Extension (Exhibition Road Quarter)

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Location: London, United Kingdom

Architect: Amanda Levete

Date Built: 2017

Typology & Social Value:

The extension includes a gallery for temporary exhibitions as well as a public courtyard (Sackler Courtyard) that connects Exhibition road to the V&A museum. This serves as a new museum entrance and houses a café and shop.

The V&A museum is one of the world’s greatest museums of art and design and this extension provides a continuous connection between the street and the museum, making exhibition road a place where culture and knowledge of the designed world is accessible to everyone. The new entrance helped to drive up the number of visitors in the V&A museum by 26% in 2017/18, with about half of the visitors entering via the exhibition road quarter, as the open courtyard was less intimidating and more attractive to non-traditional museum-goers, compared the other entrances of the museum. The Blavatnik Hall, a new exhibition space, also provides a fluid transition between various galleries and facilities, providing views of both indoor and exterior spaces, making an overall smoother visitor experience. This all contributed to the extension being awarded Cultural Project of the Year in 2017.

Reason for choosing building:

I have experienced first-hand walking through exhibition road and being immediately drawn in by the grand colonnades and light porcelain tiles in the Sackler Courtyard. At the time I was unaware that this was actually an extension of the V&A museum, which I had never been to at the time, and this magnificent entrance urged be to go inside and explore. I believe that the Exhibition Road extension was truly successful in increasing the number of visitors in the V&A Museum and interest in cultural understanding and the arts. The extension is also one of my favourite parts of the museum as I love the juxtaposition and blend of modern architecture and the historical context of the museum (this differs from the architectural style in the rest of the museum)

Core issues that makes it modern:

1. Emphasises functionality

The project puts the user experience at the forefront of its design, seen for example in the fluid connection provided by the Blavatnik Hall. The Aston Webb Screen (constructed 1909) was also removed to create the open entrance to the Sackler courtyard. The screen had a large solid stone wall that derived pedestrians on the road of the views of the surrounding building. Removing the solid wall whilst maintaining the colonnade provided access to the west side of museum from the road.

2. Openness and transparency

The removal of the Aston Webb screen and the courtyard create a sense of openness. This opened up space and revealed three previously hidden architecturally significant facades to passers-by. These can also be seen through the skylights in the stairwell leading to the gallery below. The extension also efficiently utilises the space of the Exhibition Road Quarter. Having the gallery 18m below ground leaves more open space for the courtyard and having large glass windows and skylights in these surrounding buildings ensures that connection with the airy openness and light of the courtyard is not lost, even when indoors.

3. Innovation and experimentation

The construction of this project challenges traditional methods of construction and engineering. The Sainsbury gallery that sits 18m directly below ground was constructed within 1m of Grade I listed building whist the museum remained completely accessible. The Sainsbury gallery’s exposed steel columns which carry the weight of the Museum’s collections above also visibly presents this to the public. The extension also creatively respects and integrates the museums history and traditional while still taking on new and exciting geometrical forms fitted to a 21st century standard, such as the inclusion of 11,000 handmade porcelain tiles in the courtyard, inspired by the rich tradition of ceramics in the V&A.

Melita Orekoya

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Grunwaldzki Square housing complex (FINAL COPY )

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Grunwaldzki Square housing complex (FINAL COPY )

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Building- Grunwaldzki Square housing complex

Location- Wrocław, Poland

Architect- Jadwiga Grabowska-Hawrylak

Date 1973

Typology and Social Value - In Wrocław, architectural typology is quite diverse, reflecting its rich history and modern developments. Such as Medieval and Renaissance buildings, gated communities, post war architecture and some more modern contemporary architecture. The Grunwaldski Square complex is used for housing. The social value is that it creates a community space for people living in the area.

Reasonings for your selection- Jadwiga Grabowska-Hawrylak is iconic for being one of Poland’s first prominent female architects, known for her innovative and creative designs. She played a crucial role in the post-war reconstruction of Wrocław, with notable works like the Grunwaldzki Square housing complex. She had a long lasting effect on the architecture industry for females in Poland as she was one of the only women in the field that worked separate from her husband.

Three core issues that make it modern:

1.      The Grunwaldski housing complex is modern due to its Brutalist architecture

2.      Mixed use design integrating residential and commercial spaces also architecture due to its honeycomb façade, functional living spaces and concrete panels.

3.      Its role in providing affordable social housing post-war.

Post Made By Martina Despotovic

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Changsha Meixi Lake International Culture and Art Center

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Changsha Meixi Lake International Culture and Art Center

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Location: Changsha,Hunan province,China

Lead Architects: Zaha Hadid

Built date: 2019

Typology and social value:

Culture & Arts Centre incorporates a contemporary art museum (MICA), a 1,800-seat theatre with supporting facilities and a multipurpose hall.

1.Complete function: These three civic institutions are uniquely defined and separate, yet complement each other with different opening times creating vitality throughout the day and evening.

2.A real depth to the natural acoustics:Architects have continued the seamless, organic architectural language in the asymmetrical auditorium space. Glass-fibre reinforced gypsum (GFRG) panels have been used to create one single surface with many pleats and folds that house a variety of acoustic panels and extend into the space to accommodate seating areas.

3.Media communication hub:The largest and most versatile cultural centre in Hunan province, the Culture & Arts Centre connects directly with its station on Line 2 of Changsha’s new Metro System.

Three core issues :

1.Hibiscus flower appearance:The building is located in Meixi Lake, the building shape is also like hibiscus flowers, known as the world's largest "hibiscus flower".

2.asymmetrical auditoriums:they can give a real depth to the natural acoustics.

3.Organic architectural language:their organic architecture signified by fluidity and curves – a uniquely Zaha Hadid design.

Post by Anqi Liu

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Alice Coburn

location - city and country: St. Martins, Shropshire

Architect name: Anne Netherwood

Date: October 2017

Typology and social value: This project was built on site by the clients offering a place for private worship in the garden of the clients’ house. Constructed with a timber frame and wall plate provided by a carpenter on top of a concrete and brick foundation. Then the wall structure and insulation were built using straw bales making the three tiers of stakes which hold the bales together as they are laid, the walls and floor are finished using lime render and limecrete to help waterproof the bales but maintain their permeable qualities. The circular design of the project is emblematic of places of worship across the globe, harking back to a more primitive type of worship which links into the traditional nature techniques used in its construction and its self-built status as places of worship in the past were often built for the community by the community. This links to Anne Netherwood's past projects of church conservation in the area and her accreditation from the RIBA as a Conservation Architect.

Reason for choosing: I chose the architect Anne Netherwood because of her passion for conservation and keeping old building fit for use which aligned with my interest in the idea of retrofitting pre-existing buildings. I was drawn to this particular project due to my interest in sustainable and traditional building practises. The projects use of natural, locally sourced materials as well as using their own manpower to build it significantly reduces its impact on its surrounding environment. It is representative of how embedded religion is to rural life and how places of worship have always doubled up as places of community, however I think that this build shows as the world modernises a shift towards individualism rather than community, people tend to turn to more private places to practise worship.

three core issues that make this a modern building:

1. Minimal Ornamentation of the building as a whole, simple exterior detailing the finish of plaster, brickwork and slate as well as the reciprocal roof framework exposed underneath the overhang, showing a truth to the materials. The interior providing simple seating around the edge, a pedestal in the centre, a wood burner and candles; with an emphasis on functional space.

2. Asymmetrical configuration of the building with the two forms; a circle and a rectangle tacked together to create the open space within, creating this open floor plan with a easily transversed flowing space.

3. An effort made towards controlling the access of daylight to the interior, through the use of an overhead skylight and small window towards the back, directing the occupant’s attention and worship towards a specific point in the centre.

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Location: Long Eaton, Nottingham, England

Architect: Elizabeth Rhodes

Date Built: 2018

Typology and Social Value: A commercial project, utilised as a community centre for a scout group.

Reason for choosing this building:

I chose to focus on this building for several reasons:

1. Historical and Cultural Value: For the community, the new scout hut building represents a shared history of community involvement, with decades of children, parents and volunteers participating in scouting activites, with the old scout hut building having longstanding roots in the community.

2. Youth Development: Scout huts serve as vital spaces for youth organisations that focus on personal development, team-building and leadership skills. The Scout Hut in Long Eaton provides a dedicated space for young people to engage in structured, supervised activities that encourage the development of these skills.

3. Community Hub: Beyond scouting, the Scout Hut doubles as a community center for local events, classes, meetings and other gatherings. This makes it valuable to many, especially in fostering community spirit.

4. Volunteer Engagement and Local Involvement: Maintaining the Scout Hut involves local volunteers who commit time and resources to keep it running. This enhances community engagement and civic responsibility, as it gives people a chance to contribute to a valuable local asset. For many, especially those with a history in scouting, the hut becomes a cherished community pillar.

Overall, the Long Eaton Scout Hut serves as more than just a physical structure; it's a community asset that enables connection, skill development and local pride.

The Long Eaton Scout Hut can be considered a modern building due to three core aspects:

1. Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Design: Modern buildings often emphasise sustainability, using energy-efficient materials, insulation and renewable energy sources like solar panels. These features help reduce environmental impact and operational costs, which is crucial for community-funded spaces like a scout hut. Additionally, sustainable features demonstrate a commitment to conservation, a key value in scouting.

2. Adaptable and Multi-Functional Space: Modern community buildings should be designed with flexibility in mind. This means the scout hut could be equipped with modular furniture, open-plan areas and sections that can be easily reconfigured to accomodate various activities and group sizes. This adaptability allows the building to host not only scouting activities but also other community events, maximising its utility for the Long Eaton community.

3. Accesibility and Inclusivity Features: A modern building should prioritise accessibility, providing wheelchair ramps, wide doorways and accessible restroom facilities to ensure that all members of the community, regardless of physical ability, can use the space comfortably. Inclusive design might also include sensory-friendly features to accommodate neurodiverse individuals, making it welcoming to a broader population.

These elements make the Long Eaton Scout Hut a forward-thinking, community-oriented space that aligns with modern values of sustainability, versatility and inclusivity.

By Daisy Beresford

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Location: London, England

Architect name: Claire Wright

Date built: Old Victorian wash house built 1846, redesigned in 2002

Typology and social value:

The Women’s Library in Aldgate was a specialist library and museum, dedicated to preserving the history of women’s lives and achievements in the UK. It was a multi use space, including exhibition spaces often used to focus on the suffrage movement, social history and women’s rights. It also had event spaces for lectures, workshops and other public events. The Library and archives housed collections of books and manuscripts related to women’s history.

The social value of this library is significant, particularly in terms of gender representation, education, and historical preservation. The Women’s Library acted as a hub for feminist discourse and activism. It held workshops, talks, and exhibitions that not only educated but also empowered people to engage with social justice issues. These provided a space for dialogue around gender equality and contemporary issues faced by women.

Reason for choosing/selecting this building:

The reason I chose this building is due to the significant message it conveys. The building stood as a symbol for women’s successes and women’s struggles alike. It helped bridge historical gaps in traditional archives, where women's contributions are often overlooked. By making their collections accessible, understanding and knowledge sharing of gender issues over time was promoted. In a time where even as a modern society women’s contributions are still underrepresented, the powerful message behind this building and its uses is inspiring, and it supported these ongoing cultural and social missions. This is why it is very unfortunate that this library closed in 2013, when it should’ve been a priority to keep it up and running.

The three core issues that make this a modern building:

Preservation of heritage: Originally a Victorian wash house, the structure of this building was incorporated into the modern library. When it was redesigned, a modern, functional interior was created while preserving the original historical facade. This reflects a vital feature of modern architecture; serving present needs while respecting the past.

Sustainability: The library had an eco-friendly design, in which it made the most of natural light, by incorporating large windows and skylights. This allowed for natural lighting throughout the building, and minimised the need for artificial light and in turn reduced electricity usage. Being an old building that was reused, the environmental impact of the library was far less compared to that associated with new construction. These factors contribute to reducing the carbon footprint of this building, an issue that’s highly emphasised when discussing modern architecture.

Flexibility: The way in which the interior spaces were designed allowed for flexibility in the use of the space. The building had an open layout which allowed for various uses such as lectures, workshops, and exhibitions. Depending on what was needed for a particular event or occasion, spaces were rearranged to accommodate, meaning it was very versatile. This building created dynamic spaces for community engagement.

Lana Tamimi

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Location: Manchester, England

Architect: Ellen Van Loon, OMA

Date Built: 2023

Typology and Social Value:

A place to house the Manchester International Festival, it is a new space that accommodates for performances and exhibitions, as the festival began to struggle to find somewhere to provide this. The building was designed by OMA architects, the lead architect being Ellen Van Loon. The building consists of a theatre, a warehouse and the towers. The configuration of the building gives hierarchy to these much larger spaces where the exhibitions and the performances take place, these zones feel stripped back and open due to high ceilings and the frame and pipework of the building being exposed. Aviva Studios seems to falls into the ‘culture shed’ typology growing in cities as it includes a ‘warehouse’ and so has this industrial quality about it.

Reason for choosing:

This building’s exterior, consisting of a concrete box and a polyhedral metal addendum, is striking in its environment. The materiality and façade systems indicate the industrial nature of the building. The purpose of the building is well accommodated for, with the space being so flexible, e.g. one warehouse space can easily be divided into two with individual panels that are manually moved around a track, which is ideal for when exhibitions and performances need to take place simultaneously.

Ellen Van Loon obtained this project through a competition, she says that the brief was short but the client was asking for what Van Loon and her colleagues had always dreamt of building, her intentions and passion for the project are communicated effectively through the building.

3 core issues that make this a modern building:

1.      Industrial buildings and factories would use techniques such as exposed steel connections and raw concrete, in this case they have been portrayed in a new way while still displaying the forms of an industrial building

2.      The polyhedral addendum shape is a great signification of a modern building, this is apparent as the shape is almost alien to the more traditional buildings surrounding

3.      Shows examples of technological integration with a movable, full-height acoustic wall, making the spaces more flexible and adaptable to different needs.

Natalya Dolden

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Location: Bonn, Germany

Architect: Margot Schürmann

Building Date: Completed 2002

Typology and Social Value: The Shürmann-Bau is a large modernist office building, originally designed to serve as the new headquarters to the parliament of the West German government. Its completion was delayed as a result of flooding and German reunification and was subsequently used as the headquarters for Deutsche Welle, Germany's international broadcaster. It is a figure of the post war rebuild effort in the then capital, acting as a symbol of reunification and the return of political to Berlin.

Reason for choosing this building: I chose this building because it is a historic and outstanding example of architectural modernism, showcasing great attention to detail, thoughtful design decisions in terms of rhythm and circulation, which is successful in a subtle and natural manner. It is an outstanding example of a modernist office building which is often accredited to the husband of Margot Schürmann, despite her being arguably the driving force behind the success of this project and their practice in general.

What makes this building modern?

-            The building follows the ideas of functional minimalism, both in its design and materiality: incorporating clean minimal facades with a precise design language. This, in combination with the tailored use of modern materials such as concrete and extensive use of glass creates a visually interesting and functional building.

-            The building, as any building should be is tied into its environment. Situated on the banks of the Rhein, it keeps within the design language of the surrounding important structures, such as the Post Tower and Langer Eugen. It also represents the modernity of its use, with the infostructure for broadcasting and media integrated into the fundamental design.

-            It is also adaptive having been designed for one thing and then being used for another in reality, showing its ability to change over time to be fit for different circumstances. The change in the design also led to more resilient design strategy when it comes to environmental response proving its success in adaptability which is a key aspect of modern design.

Student: Joshua Witham

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Project Name: Jinting Bay Chapel Project Location: Shanwei City, Guangdong Province, China Gross Built Area: 384 m2 Period: 2018 -2020 Principal Architects: He Jianxiang & Jiang Ying Project Team: Huang Chengqiang, Peng Weisen, Cai Xinqian Structural Consultant: Lao Xiaojie, Sang Xiling M.E. Consultant: Bun Cong M&E Design Floodlight Consultant: BPI Photographer: Wu Siming

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Chapel of the Jinting Bay, Guangdong, China by O-office Architects

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Chapel of the Jinting Bay, Guangdong, China by O-office Architects

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This “Statue of the Sea” creates a new spiritual and figurative anchor for the rapid-emerging coastal city, to re-establish a connection between city and town, land and sea.

By Junnan Zhou

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Location: Chester, England

Architect: Louise Sheridan (Ellis Williams Architects)

Date: 2017

Typology and social value:

The Storyhouse serves as a multi functional building, not only serving as a cinema, theatre, library, cafe and meeting space, but also holding many events and gatherings that help to bring the community together. It also holds significance as it has successfully brought in many tourists since its opening, with Queen Elizabeth and Meghan Markle hosting the official opening. This attracted large crowds from all over the country and helped bring light to the new building.

Reason for choosing this building:

I chose this building as I liked the fact that even though the Storyhouse is a contemporary building, its thoughtful integration into Chester's historical surroundings allow it to compliment the city's rich architectural heritage. The facade is made up of a mixture of red brick and local sandstone to blend into the traditional stonework in the area.

The three core issues that make this a modern building:

The building is sustainable in many ways such as the use of renewable energy sources like solar panels and harvesting rainwater systems. It also minimises energy consumption through the use of energy efficient lighting and HVAC systems, reducing the carbon footprint of the building. The materials being locally sourced also helps reduce transportation and therefore emissions.

The original library and theatre that stood before the Storyhouse has been repurposed into a building of a similar purpose but with even more functions, preserving the historical features of a city so rich in history while allowing it to move forward and develop.

Although the exterior was designed to compliment the historical surroundings, the interior is made to look much more modern, with the open plan encouraging collaboration. Modern building materials are also utilised, including polished concrete and glass to give it a sleek and contemporary feel. The building also uses a range of digital resources such as e books, online databases and tech workshops which demonstrates contemporary learning.

By Elize Selley

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Location: Alderley Edge, Cheshire

Architect name: Edwina Kimble

Date built: 2018

Typology and social value:

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Location: 25 Swan Street, The Northern Quarter, Manchester.

Architect Name: Kathryn Valentine

Date refurbished: 2022

Typology: Music venue and entertainment space

Social Value:

The band on the wall is run by a charitable, non-profit organisation, Inner city music ltd. The complete transformation of the venue aimed to create a ‘collaborative hub for young people, the local community and Manchester creatives, and to celebrate the cultural diversity of Greater Manchester’. Any designed object will give off an impression of the psychological and moral attitudes it supports, this project is no exception. Inclusivity, a place free from judgement and just a world away from what lies the other side of its walls is the psychological experience I felt personally when spending an evening in the space. There is now an entire floor dedicated to Band on the Wall’s innovative learning programme, World of Music. For artists and performers, I reckon these emotional ties are even stronger, a space to be themselves and share their talent.

Reason for selecting this building:

I did my work experience with an architecture firm in Manchester, OMI Architects. There was an architect called Kathryn Valentine who I was lucky enough to shadow for part of the week, this was her project at the time. I accompanied her to one of the final site meetings of the renovation of The Band On The Wall. It was the first time I’d seen architecture in practise, and she conducted this site meeting in a way that inspires me still today. Not only was the transformation of the site amazing but the way in which the people, each of their own profession all coming together in this meeting to execute the project was also pretty amazing to watch. The morals of the project and this inspiration it brought to me is what made me want to write about Kathryn Valentine and her work.

The three core issues that make this a modern building:

This building, although nestled beautifully inside three separated 19th-century buildings, I feel sits very much a notion of modern architecture. A technological transformation, urbanisation and industrialisation, and cultural engagement could pretty much have been written down by the Kathryn at early site meetings as the three moral and psychological attitudes this transformation set out to bring to the young people of Manchester.

A technological transformation in that the £3.5m physical transformation has truly make it the best showcase music venue of its scale in the UK. Not only has Kathryn transformed the building but the Band on the world team has transformed the organisation, refocussing their mission on celebrating the music of all the diverse communities in the UK.

Urbanisation Industrialisation has been achieved through the community that Band on the wall has created and the opportunities they are creating for them. Getting people involved in music making and producing accessible digital content to inform and educate people about the charity and the rich musical heritage of Manchester and its inhabitants. It is communities like this that make Manchester the city that it is, without them Manchester would struggle for personality or particular interest.

Cultural enlightenment and the moral and psychological attitudes the band on the wall supports is, like any good architecture, evident in the details of design as well as the charity it is owned by. Inner City Music celebrates music, its power to engage, inspire, distract and enjoy. The charity works to celebrate and promote the music of many cultures, as well as provide the local communities and musicians with learning programmes that intertwine with artistic programmes. They also work to remove physical and psychological barriers to access both music and the space by providing the highest quality facilities for deaf and disabled people. Working closely with them they seek feedback and improvements. In hindsight it is although these three core issues were identified in the development stage of Kathryns design and used as design drivers throughout the project, not, as in the case of so many modern buildings, an afterthought.

Emma Seymour Mead

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Location: Lai Chi Kok, Hong Kong

Architects: Betty Ng,

CONTEXT AND SITE:

Its an old factory and industrial district situated at the north-western end of Kowloon in Hong Kong.

A PIXELATED LANDSCAPE:

The podium is made up of 3 levels and comprises four main program components: 1, commercial retail and F&B shops. 2, two main office lobby entrances for each of the twin towers. 3, A reconfigurable and multifunction auditorium. 4, A large continuous green landscape which extends from the second floor down to the ground level.

THE ARCHITECT:

The female architect for this building is Betty Ng, she is a Registered Architect in the Netherlands, a RIBA Chartered Architect in the United Kingdom and an International Associate member of AIA, United States.

Prior setting up COLLECTIBE, Betty was Design Director at OMA Rotterdam with Pritzker Prize Laureate Rem Koolhaas, she co lead the winning proposal for the Axel Springer media Headquarters in Berlin and the 80,000 m2 Hermitage Museum Art Repository in St. Petersburg among many projects internationally.

Student: Ashley Poon Lok Yee

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COLLECTIVE is an idea-driven design studio with focuses on architecture, interior design, experiential art and design consultancy. It is founded by Architect Betty Ng.

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Location: Chennai, India

Architect: Sheila Sri Prakash

Year: 2014

Typology and Social Value: Commercial building - office for Sheila Sri Prakash's firm Shilpa Architects. The office follows passive design strategies that align with the firm's goals of building sustainably.

Reason: Sheila Sri Prakash was the first woman in India to open up her own architectural firm. She founded this firm in 1979 - a time when working women and women in leadership were still being stigmatized in India. Shilpa Architects is a firm that emphasizes the importance of sustainable architecture, starting with the design of their own office in Chennai.

Three core issues: lower construction and energy maintenance costs; mostly natural lighting and improved air quality for productivity; 6% generation of power from PV panels

Student Name: Nandita Gayathri Dayanand

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Coimbra University - Hall of Residence for Students

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Coimbra University - Hall of Residence for Students

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Location: Coimbra, Portugal

Architect: Paula Santos

Date Built: 2007

Typology and Social Value:

This is a student accommodation for students in Coimbra, Portugal, and its sole purpose is to provide an adequate place of residence for students at the university. This building's design caters to the needs of its occupants for the following reasons: The levels of the building are unaligned (the lower floors protrude forward) to create a courtyard for residents on the upper floor, which creates opportunities for socialisation without the need to exit the floor or the building. Moreover, the building is built around a central corridor with dorms placed around it - this allows for optimal natural light exposure in all the dorms as the building itself is situated in an open site with minimal obstacles blocking the sunlight. Large windows have also been placed in each dorm to maximise the amount of natural light, minimise energy use, and provide good views of the outside of the building. This design feature contributes to the overall well-being of residents as the natural light entering the building creates a well lit space for residents and creates a positive environment, as well as the large windows which provide a good view of the outside and enhances their quality of life.

Reason for choosing this building:

I chose this building in particular because I am also living in a student accommodation which shares similar design features to this student accommodation in Coimbra. A feature that stood out to me the most is the use of large windows in this student accommodation in Coimbra, which my dorm also has, for the overall purpose of improving residents' moods. The way that this building has been carefully designed in a way that pays attention to students' needs and improves their quality of life during their stay emphasised to me the importance of the utilitarian aspect of architecture and how a building can impact its users.

Three core issues making this a modern building:

1. The incorporation of large windows in every dorm for natural lighting and views of outdoors creates a more inviting and positive living environment for students - this aligns with modern design principles

2. The central corridor with dorms around it facilitates navigation which makes the building user friendly

3. The building uses prefabricated concrete panels and contemporary construction techniques which shows the attempts of ensuring a sustainable and efficient outcome during the buildings design process.

Name of student: Briana Afonso

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Location - city and country: Lagos,Nigeria

Architect name: Tosin Oshinowo

Date built: December 2017

Typology and social value

The Fowóralé House is a beautiful example of modern architecture that doesn’t shy away from cultural values. This building is a private beach house, therefore provides a sense of privacy, allowing for intimate family and community gatherings, creating a separate space from the densely populated city of Lagos. As such , the house becomes a vessel through which memories and bonds can be created. This level of privacy is representative of the social status of the client.

As a private space, the building is therefore a symbol of the social status and identity of the clients. Situated in Lagos the design displays subtle motifs and traditional patterns, taking these aspects and adapting them to modern living requirements. One such example is the stepping stones across the infinity pool, to emulate rocks in a village stream. By incorporating elements that resonate with the local community, the house promotes pride in Nigerian culture.

The building demonstrates the harmonious relationship between indoors and outdoors, showcasing a core value in Nigerian culture. The structure frames the vertical and horizontal views of the calm beach environment (Which remain largely undeveloped) making use of many arches and pathways. In addition to this, the building features an open floor plan, leading into terraces and gardens, embracing the environment. By embracing the environment, the building becomes a role model for future urban development in the area.

Reason for choosing/selecting this building

I chose this house as it is a prime example for how traditional forms and Nigerian heritage can enrich contemporary architecture.  Also, by choosing this building I would be highlighting an underrepresented voice in architecture, that of a black woman. The building shows the potential for urban development in Lagos. An issue with urban development is the lack of respect for heritage and culture, and so the building ends up as a carbon copy of buildings found in western cities.

The three core issues that make this a modern building

Fowóralé House is a remarkable example of modern architecture in Nigeria. Many aspects of the building classify it as a modern building. One of which being its integration with the environment. First evident in its passive design features, like natural ventilation, and water harvesting. As well as this, the building highlights the environment framing it, using a series of arches and openings within the open plan of the building.

Another feature is the functional flexibility of the building, evident in the open floor plan, making it easy to use spaces for different functions. As well as this the building is heavily connected to outdoor spaces, blurring the boundaries between the internal and external spaces, making it easy to use for different gatherings. This also highlights the need for evnvironmental preservation, a common feature of modern architecture.

Finally, the minimalist design aesthetics, utilising clean lines and hard edges. Common to modern architecture, the house utilises clean edges and finishes. This aesthetic enforces the modernist ideal of simplicity in design. To achieve this minimalist aesthetic, the building utilises modern materials, such as concrete, glass, and steel, creating a sense of solidity. The choice of these materials also enforces the modernist notion of avoiding aging of materials.

Tamunotaribo Jack

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Location: 18 Spring Vale, Wallasey, England

Architect: Joy Hockey

Date Built: 1990s

Typology: Residential Building

Social Value: Since this is a small residential building, the majority of the social value lies within its ability to provide to its primary residents. Although it does not cater to a large amount of people, I believe it is still essential in society for homes to provide space for social collision and enrichment, just as much as any public space. A home environment can become part of an ecosystem of enrichment for the people that occupy it with proper layout and flow directing. This building does that with its centric design, open floor plan and 2 reception rooms which encourage community.

Reason for Selection: The reasons I decided to study this building are varied, it has such a unique design for a residential building (octagonal), which instantaneously caught my interest. As well as the unique shape, there is also the beautiful wavy dome roof, made of copper, it has a very distinct look. The architect behind this house (Joy Hockey) also interested me, since she worked for the military in WWII in-between studying for her architectural degree, and I find her perseverance to pursue her passion inspiring.

The 3 Core Modern Values:

1. Open Plan Design: The layout of the building is almost completely open, with few elements which divide the room spaces. This maximises the use of the rooms and also provides a continuous flow design with a centralised component to tie it together.

2. Natural Light: The large and numerous windows in every direction allow for maximum natural lighting on both floors, which is also helped by the open floor plan, since the light can penetrate the space without interruption.

3. Simple Unornamented Design: The house is made up of simple clean lines and straightforward (if a little unusual) shapes with very little additional detail, each material is able to speak for itself and its structural quality is displayed honestly.

By Lori Cobon

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Location: Camden, London

Architect: Georgie Wolton

Date Built: 1975-76

Social Value & Typology:

Known for its unique architectural features and landscape design, this very personal building acts as Georgie Wolton's home and studio. With each room feeling connected to the three gardens, it heightens the importance and benefits of indoor-outdoor living at this time. It blends contemporary elements with traditional aesthetics, adding character and architectural importance to the residential community.

Why this building?

Georgie Wolton was one of the first women to work independently, post World War II. Her work is personal and catered to her lifestyle and studio, creating a home that is a reflection of her needs and architectural style. Though this building is structurally simple, the unique features and creative handling of daylight and spatial proportion elevates the interior well.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

Architectural style:

This building features clean, minimalistic, linear elements, along with large windows, not typically used for its time. Long corridors and feature panelling contradict the values of post-war living, with efficient use of space and low costs as a priority.

Design:

Open plan, flexible living contributes to modern ideologies that prioritise function and freedom.

Material use:

Glass, concrete and exposed steels give this building a modern feel, through the use of contemporary materials. For the time, these materials were expensive and impractical for such a crucial use, such as housing.

Abi Jennings

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Location: Salmaya, Kuwait

Architect name: Hind Almatrouk

Date: 2021

Typology and Social Value:

Typology:

Mixed-Use Residential: The Jade building is intended to be a multi-family residential complex that integrates contemporary living areas and fosters social interaction within the neighbourhood.

Contemporary Architecture: Clean lines, open areas, and creative material use define this design, which combines contemporary aesthetics with practical living.

Sustainable Design: Energy efficiency and sustainable materials are key components of contemporary urban architecture, and the building integrates these eco-friendly techniques.

Social Values:

Community Engagement: By providing common areas, the design fosters social contact between people, fostering a feeling of community and belonging.

Cultural Relevance: By incorporating regional architectural features, the structure honours Kuwaiti heritage and culture while encouraging a relationship between locals and their surroundings.

Quality of Life: The emphasis on light, space, and gardening improves the quality of life for the inhabitants by creating a cosy urban living place.

Sustainability: Promoting eco-friendly behaviours is in line with worldwide movements for sustainability, which aim to provide a healthy environment and way of life for coming generations.

Reasons for selecting this building:

The Jade Residential Apartment complex is my choice because it perfectly combines contemporary architecture with cultural significance, capturing the changing face of Kuwaiti urban life. In addition to meeting modern living needs, the building's creative architecture encourages community involvement with its well-planned common areas. Furthermore, because it emphasises environmental responsibility while improving the quality of life for its citizens, its dedication to sustainability aligns with my ideals. In an increasingly urbanised world, the Jade building serves as a symbol of how architecture can influence social relations and foster a sense of belonging.

Three core issues that make this a modernist building:

-Form Follows Function: With a plan that maximises living space while reducing superfluous ornamentation, the design places a premium on functionality. The modernist idea that a building's shape should be dictated by its intended use is shown in the emphasis on simple lines and functional areas.

-Innovative Materials and processes: The structure deviates from conventional approaches by utilising modern materials and construction processes. In keeping with modernist principles, this use of contemporary materials improves sustainability and energy efficiency in addition to adding to the visual appeal.

-Integration with the Environment: Natural light, ventilation, and landscape integration are all taken into account in the building's design. This emphasis on blending in with the surroundings reflects the modernist idea of designing areas that are sensitive to their circumstances.

Name of student: Roza Alzoabi

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Location

-Central London, England, WC2R 2PP

Architect/Designer

-Disputed between historians, records state Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, however a female architect is argued and during this period women were infamously uncredited with their work.

Date Built

⁻¹⁹⁴²

Typology and Social Value

-Waterloo bridge originally named Strand Bridge commemorates the victory over Napoleon in the battle of Waterloo 1815. The original bridge was rebuilt due to nearing structuring failure and safety concerns, The bridge serves as a testament to female fortitude, working in conditions that systemically chose to discriminate and object them daily with much ridicule from male counterparts. Only in 2015 was it historically accepted after historian Christine Wall presented an irrefutable argument via a series of photographs proving that there was female contribution. However much later through the years to be socially accepted-more than just an urban myth as it was back then. it was vital for WWII linking both sides for easy transport across north and south London. Now its a crossing for vehicles and people offering expansive views of London's best landmarks.

Reason for selected building:

-One may argue that a bridge is not a building. although somewhat contested online. The main reasoning for choosing waterloo bridge was the fact of exploring the female injustice and influence they had on the pioneering women after. its incredibly difficult to find any structure built or designed by women during this period. Waterloo bridge is the only example to my knowledge of women during the 1940 period building a structure that its in commercial use to this day. I chose to be somewhat different picking a more difficult period to find female architects and designers. Furthermore from further research into feminist pages and certain news articles its disputed that there was much female input within the design and that it may of even had a female architect. But due to the major inequalities with women within the industry they were never recognized. Considering it took 73 years to be recognized for the entire construction of the bridge, I don't doubt a female designer designing the bridge but never credited being implausible. This accusation is further supported by the fact that female artists submitted entries within a competition to designs for the plinths that was rejected never to be seen, even from the likes of famous female artists like Barbara Hepworth.

Choosing this building allows me to educate myself on the struggle of women within the design industry which is what architecture and engineering ultimately fall under.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

-Compared to traditional bridge structure of its time its modern with the fact its building composition is of reinforced concrete, this is a composition of concrete and steel rebar which runs throughout the concrete providing unrivalled strength and security. The design is very unusual for bridges, with no supports spanning across the bridges but rather only at the edges in order to keep it 'light' and 'sweet', its actually an engineering nightmare but it works, perhaps testament to the excellent artisan nature of the female engineers and workers

-An cultural enlightenment of sort arouse from the waterloo bridge construction, it destroyed the idea of women just being nothing more than submissive and the possession of men. That in just such a small time they were able to assimilate themselves into the hard labouring roles men took up and that they could match the quality, speed and efficiency of their male counterparts in their work. After all the bridge is still standing. It gave women confidence, a pioneering project if I may say so. The design aspect however was more cleverly shunted and censored, women were tightly restricted within construction and design fields, just barely being allowed to design small cottages and houses. I believe there to be a female architect and at the very minimum heavy female input into the design and construction of the waterloo bridge but it was never materialised in the history to not disdain the patriarchal hierarchy above them.

-The bridge follows a simple no frills design, its predecessor the strand bridge was adorned with Doric columns and ornamentation. The old Waterloo bridge followed a design reflective of the societal design standards, a baroque and ostentatious design. The modern design while much more straightforward and no nonsense is reflective of the progressive themes within modern design. Waterloo bridge design could be categorised within the brutalist and utilitarian architecture style. A competition arose for designs to adorn the four plinths on the corners of the bridge, many of those entered were female architects/designers/artists alike. None of which were used for unknown 'suspicious' if I may so, reasons. other than this there is no other design attempt or stimulating aspect of the bridge.

Name of student:

-Arun Rattanpal

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Architect: Hend Al Matrouk

Date: 2014

Typology and social value: Its dynamic, articulated façade gives the cityscape visual interest. Its design contributes to Kuwait's increasing need for modern living spaces by offering creative housing options in a neighbourhood that is heavily inhabited and dominated by expats. Along with stressing the importance of female architects in the area, the tower also highlights sustainability and urban efficiency.

Reason for choosing this building: It was created by one of Kuwait's top female architects and is a prime example of creative modern architecture. The building's dynamic, eye-catching façade and emphasis on sustainability are examples of modern architectural styles. The project is a good choice for examining gender representation in the built environment since it emphasises the importance of women in architecture.

Three core issues that make this a modern building:

1. Geometric Façade: Two essential elements of modern design, visual drama and movement, are added by the dynamic, angled brick façade.

2. Minimalist Design: A modern, functional aesthetic is reflected in clean lines, simple forms, big windows, and sparse adornment.

3. Sustainability: In accordance with contemporary sustainability ideals, the design probably makes the most of natural light and makes use of sturdy materials.

Posted By Sarah Abozeed

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Location: Kuwait City, Kuwait

Architect: Malene Bjørn

Date built: 1979

Typology/ Social value: While Bjørn is not from Kuwait, she is a woman who designed the most notable building in the country, yet she receives little to no recognition. When Kuwait commissioned a Swedish company to design a water supply system, the chief architect was Sune Lindström, husband to Malene Bjørn. Initially intended to function only as a water tower and look similar to the other water towers found across the country, the Emir of Kuwait wanted a more interesting design. She designed the three towers which have become a landmark recognised globally, yet no one knows it was designed by a female architect. Each tower has a different function, the tallest one, standing at 180 m, serves as a restaurant, rotating observatory, and water reservoir. The second tallest tower, standing at 140 m serves only as a water reservoir, while the smallest stores equipment. The towers capture the modernity of Kuwait society and provide a commentary of the prosperity of the country after being liberated from British rule. The towers have become a symbol cultivating a national identity by representing Kuwait's cultural heritage through modern means.

Reason for choosing building: The towers serve important functions within the water supply system while being aesthetically pleasing. With the design changes, the engineering of the building had to take into account the difference in the applied load. The engineering of the building is simply a marvel, as it has a platform which rotates 360 degrees every 30 minutes. The towers have incredible history as they survived the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait and the oil fires in the 90s.

Three core issues:

1. The materials used work together to create a durable yet visually striking tower. Reinforced and prestressed concrete, steel, and glass all work together not only for structural stability, but aesthetic purposes. In modern architecture, concrete is a favored material choice as it is durable and versatile. Given the load from the stored water and restaurant, concrete was a clear choice. The steel used in the building offers extra durability, while the colorful steel discs on the exterior enhances the visual impact. The use of innovative materials allow the building to be durable and look aesthetically pleasing without compromising the functionality.

2. The structural design or form of the towers consist of spheres and slender cones. Through the use of minimalistic shapes, the design creates a distinctive and memorable silhouette. The tower also features technological advancements, with a rotating platform that compliments and maintains a sleek design. The shape of the building contributes to its ability to withstand high winds and seismic activity as it has a larger base. The design encouraged creativity in architecture, exploring different forms and styles that were new to the region at the time.

3. The integration of the landscape from the park to the waterfront creates a harmonious blend of the built environment with nature. The color of the spheres take from its surroundings while the white cones offer a stark contrast to capture the onlookers attention. Unlike many coastal towers, the Kuwait towers are not an eyesore as they enhance the scenery rather than diminish it.

Post by Fatemah Alhayen