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Definition: The First Amendment provides several rights protections: to express ideas through speech and the press, to assemble or gather with a group to protest or for other reasons, and to ask the government to fix problems. It also protects the right to religious beliefs and practices. It prevents the government from creating or favoring a religion.

Court Case: Tinker v. Des Moines set the precedent that you retain your First Amendment right even on school ground.

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Definition: The Second Amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms.

Court Case: Columbia v. Heller set the precedent that guarantees an individual right to possess firearms apart from service in a state militia and to use firearms for traditionally lawful purposes.

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Definition: The Third Amendment prevents government from forcing homeowners to allow soldiers to use their homes. Before the Revolutionary War, laws gave British soldiers the right to take over private homes.

Court Case: N/A

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Definition: The Fourth Amendment bars the government from unreasonable search and seizure of an individual or their private property.

Court Case: Katz v. United States set the precedent that the Fourth Amendment's "unreasonable searches and seizures" protection to include recordings of conversations, not just personal effects

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Definition: The Fifth Amendment states that serious criminal charges must be started by a grand jury. A person cannot be tried twice for the same offense (double jeopardy) or have property taken away without just compensation. People have the right against self-incrimination and cannot be imprisoned without due process of law.

Court Case: Miranda v. Arizona established that the police are required to inform arrested people that they have the right to remain silent, that anything they say may be used against them, and that they have the right to an attorney

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Definition: The Sixth Amendment provides additional protections to people accused of crimes, such as the right to a speedy and public trial, trial by an impartial jury in criminal cases, and to be informed of criminal charges. Witnesses must face the accused, and the accused is allowed his or her own witnesses and to be represented by a lawyer.

Court Case: Gideon v. Wainwright it set that that states are required to provide legal counsel to impoverished/poor defendants charged with a felony

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Definition: The Seventh Amendment extends the right to a jury trial in Federal civil cases.

Court Case:

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Definition: The Eighth Amendment bars excessive bail and fines and cruel and unusual punishment.

Court Case: Estelle v. Gamble Set the precedent that for correctional institutions to be guilty of violating prisoners' Eighth Amendment rights, the prison must have acted in such a way as to show deliberate indifference to the medical needs of prisoners

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Definition: The Ninth Amendment states that listing specific rights in the Constitution does not mean that people do not have other rights that have not been spelled out.

Court Case: Griswold v. Connecticut said that a right to privacy can be inferred from several amendments in the Bill of Rights, and this right prevents states from making the use of contraception by married couples illegal.

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Definition: The Tenth Amendment says that the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution. If it isn’t listed, it belongs to the states or to the people.

Court Case: Printz v. United States said that federal government violated the Tenth Amendment when Congress required state and local officials to perform background checks on people buying guns.