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EDUCATOR TO AID CITY DELINQUENTS (Published 1970)

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Mayor Lindsay establishes interagency Council on Child Welfare to improve services for children in foster homes or in private or pub shelters

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Salaries are bad so people don't really want to stay

Pre Ellen Schall

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Staff Turnover and Boys’ Solitude Frustrate Spofford (Published 1971)

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School Board Security Officer Let Kid Get Raped and Superiors Protected - NYT

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School Board Security Officer Let Kid Get Raped and Superiors Protected - NYT

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"Mr. Irish, the Board of Education official, said the accused guard had received wide support from other school workers, including his principal, and had been assigned to office duties elsewhere pending trial." - so basically those working for the school protected him

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Spofford School Guard’s Arrest In Rape at Center Draws Criticism (Published 1978)

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NYC Educ Bd security officer Walter Long arrested for allegedly allowing 14-yr-old inmate at Spofford Juvenile Center in Bronx be raped by fellow inmates; Bd’s security chief Carleton Irish criticizes arrest (M)

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Female head of the DJJ (Department of Juvenile Justice) that took over Spofford in 1982

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WOMAN IN THE NEWS; HEAD OF JUVENILE JUSTICE (Published 1982)

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Talks about case management and a care focused on child services. written by schall and another at the beginning of her service as djj commissioner (BIAS but also a good look at what she was trying to do - so need to figure out why that failed)

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Use of Case Management as a Revitalizing Theme in a Juvenile Justice Agency on JSTOR

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Thomas N. Gilmore, Ellen Schall, Use of Case Management as a Revitalizing Theme in a Juvenile Justice Agency, Public Administration Review, Vol. 46, No. 3 (May - Jun., 1986), pp. 267-274

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"Before Ms. Washington arrived, Spofford had 27 directors in 29 years. During the 1960's and 1970's, it was plagued by assaults, escapes and suicides...But since Ms. Washington became director - the first woman to hold the job - there has been only one escape, compared with a high of 170 in 1977. Suicide attempts have dropped to 6 last year, from more than 50 a year in the late 1970's."

"Many of Ms. Washington's changes have focused on such areas as dormitories, medical and educational testing and the school program."

"Ms. Washington seems most at home spending time with the center's residents, staff members say. She frequently drops in on dormitories, sometimes spending entire days with the residents. She knows almost everyone's name, and she play cards with them, goes to the pool with them and eats with them. 'I Can Go Talk to Her'"

"''I don't believe in punishment,'' Ms. Washington said, ''but I do believe in discipline. These kids have had their rights violated enough. They have been abused.'' She has started a ''point system'' to encourage good behavior. Residents who do not fight or misbehave get special privileges, such as watching movies on a videocasette recorder, making phone calls and listening to the radio. In addition, residents can use ''points'' to buy items at the commissary."

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CARING CHIEF SUCCEEDS AT CENTER FOR JUVENILES (Published 1987)

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A counselor and recreation director were arrested for selling cocaine (1985)

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THE CITY; 5 on Spofford Staff Held in Drug Sales (Published 1985)

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150 People Sue, Saying They Were Abused as Minors in N.Y.C. Custody

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The plaintiffs say they faced sexual and other physical abuse at juvenile detention centers and on Rikers Island.

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this is an example of a school thing they did well!

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B-E-E, as in ‘a Rewarding Pastime for Juvenile Inmates’ (Published 1988)

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spofford resembled a prison for adults rather than for children (age range is 7-16). said 40% have learning disabilities and the school does not address this

"A Department of Education study showed that 43 percent of incarcerated youth receiving remedial education services in detention did not return to school after release, and another 16 percent enrolled in school but dropped out after only five months.32 Another researcher found that most incarcerated 9th graders return to school after incarceration but within a year of re-enrolling two-thirds to three-fourths withdraw or drop out of school: After four years, less than 15 percent of these incarcerated 9th graders had completed their secondary education.33" (9)

so even when they get out they don't finish school making them more likely to reoffend

"Due to the disruptions in their education, and the natural life processes that allow young people to “age-out” of crime, one researcher posits, “the process of incarceration could actually change an individual into a less stable employee" (10)

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3 boys (2 14-year-olds and 1 15-year-old) charged with murder/attempted murder

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3 Teen-Agers Try to Flee Detention Center (Published 1994)

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the prison reopened in 1993 and people in the neighborhood we're happy. nobody wants to move near a prison, the neighborhood was supposed to be getting revitalized

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NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: THE HUB; A Wary Acceptance of a New Juvenile Detention Center (Published 1993)

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Overview of the Carter G. Woodson Academy - NY Board of Ed (ERIC) 1989

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Overview of the Carter G. Woodson Academy - NY Board of Ed (ERIC) 1989

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"Locally, Carter G. Woodson Academy targets 10- to 16-year-olds who are in secure detention at Spofford Juvenile Center. Instruction is offered on an individualized and small-group basis, based on a comprehensive assessment and education planning. In addition, counseling is offered individually, in groups, and for crisis intervention purposes. Carter G. Woodson Academy and the Board of Education collaborate on special- education evaluations and individualized programs. Speech and language evaluations and therapy, tutorials, and enrichment in areas of special interest are provided by the Academy. The average stay for a student is three and one-h-if weeks. This program was deemed "a model education program in a detention facility" due to the personal attentionoffered to the students resulting in progress in a very short time."

how can they say this?? where is the evidence that it worked?

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Think Spofford is a model prison

cite length of stay as an indicator

tells about a lot of the programs they did do

AGAIN, why did these fail???

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95% minority

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Spofford Juvenile Detention Closed | The Bronx Daily | Bronx.com

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Juvenile justice leaders and the commissioner for the Administration for Children’s Services announced Wednesday the closing of Bridges Juvenile Center in Hunts Point. Some of The Correctional Association of New York’s arguments that preceeded this event follow.

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"One staff member said in an affidavit that the damage to the youngsters “was far worse than anything that might occur if the children were left on streets.”"

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Court Asked To Examine Jail for Boys (Published 1970)

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21 City Councilmen, Bronx Boro Pres Abrams, State Sen Bernstein and private citizens accuse Probation Office officials of criminal neglect in operation of Spofford Juvenile Center in Bronx; Assemblyman Postel says ct has been asked to order investigation; says there has been threat of reprisals by Probation Office against prison’s staff members who reptd conditions; Probation Dir Wallace comments

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Teachers at P S.188 in Spofford juvenile Center Again Ask f or Guards

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Teachers at P S.188 in Spofford juvenile Center Again Ask f or Guards

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Basically talking about how the environment isn't safe for school and the system is set up to fail (having the facility with different holding time is stupid, having low risk with high risk is stupid)

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Teachers at P S.188 in Spof f ord juvenile Center Again Ask f or Guards; (Published 1978)

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teaching staff at PS 188 at Spofford Juvenile Center, Bronx, citing 2 recent instances of injuries to teachers by student, appeal for security guards to insure their safety (M)

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trauma informed teaching article

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Dismantling the School-to-Prison Pipeline: A Trauma-Informed, Critical Race Perspective on School Discipline

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Abstract. Disciplinary policies in schools throughout the United States disproportionately affect students of color through exclusionary policies. A puniti

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What the Prisoners’ Rights Movement Owes to the Black Muslims of the 1960s - JSTOR Daily

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Black Muslims have been an influential force in the prisoners’ rights movement and criminal justice reform as early as the World War II era.

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Nicholas P. Triplett, Ayana Allen and Chance W. Lewis

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Zero Tolerance, School Shootings, and the Post-Brown Quest for Equity in Discipline Policy: An Examination of How Urban Minorities Are Punished for White Suburban Violence on JSTOR

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Nicholas P. Triplett, Ayana Allen, Chance W. Lewis, Zero Tolerance, School Shootings, and the Post-Brown Quest for Equity in Discipline Policy: An Examination of How Urban Minorities Are Punished for White Suburban Violence, The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 83, No. 3, 60 Years after Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas: Educational Opportunities, Disparities, Policies, and Legal Actions (Summer 2014), pp. 352-370

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How students of color are getting caught up in the school to prison pipeline

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In the summer of 2020, there was a growing movement to reform the way New York City’s public schools were policed; it became one of the most heated issues in the battle over the city’s …