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SER is used to express WHO YOU ARE (physical characteristics, personality traits and where you're from). It is used to IDENTIFY people and objects.

Saying "temporary" is too simplistic and doesn't help you discern between SER and ESTAR.

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Note that in Spanish one doesn't say that he/she IS hungry; rather, he/she HAS hunger.

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Above is the conjugation of the verb TENER. It is used in many IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS (i.e. cannot be translated literally). In these expressions, it translates as "is," "am," or "are" in English.

TENER literally means, "to have" (in English, "to -tain" -> maintain, retain, detain, etc.)

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To say, "It is cold / hot / windy," use "hace" + frío / calor / viento. It translates as, "It makes cold / hot / wind."

NOTE: Sometimes you use ESTAR to describe the weather when it is a condition that can change.

Example: Está nublado. (It's cloudy.)

Also, sometimes you use HAY to describe countable things.

Example: HAY nubes. (There are clouds.)

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ESTAR is used to express HOW YOU FEEL and WHERE YOU ARE. It also is used to express a condition that can change.

Saying "temporary" is too simplistic and doesn't help you discern between SER and ESTAR.