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In the summer, there is virtually no precipitation, with an average temperature of 30 celsius. In the winter, this same sentiment follows, with slight rain, but otherwise dry and moderate at  around 10 degrees celsius. There is usually around 17 inches of rain annually, which is more than the desert biome. In the more northern parts of this biome, there tends to be more rain, but in the southern parts there is virtually none. In the summer months you can see up to about 5 inches of rain.

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Very deep, well drained , moderately rapidly permeable soil formed in gravelly alluvium

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Black-tailed jackrabbits

Regulate body temperature by controlling blood flow to their large ears

Thick pads on the bottom of their feet → protect them from the heat of the dry ground

Long legs and fast speed → outrun predators

Rarely drink water → gets most of their water from eating plants

Fun Fact: Jackrabbits are not actually rabbits: they are hares

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The chaparral biome is found in coastal areas that have mild winters and hot dry summers. The primary characteristic of this biome is small and drought resistant vegetation like scrub oak, poison oak, and cacti. Usually, this biome consists of large dry plains, but can also consist of rolling mountains.

It is primarily located between 30-50 degrees north and 30-40 degrees south. It is also classified as the Mediterranean forest biome, and a couple examples of its locations include the west coast of the US, the west coast of South America, and the mediterranean coast. Its soil is generally porous and rocky with low nutrient holding capacity. Common animals: coyotes, jack rabbits, mule deer, alligator lizards, horned toads, praying mantis, honey bee and ladybugs.

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Spotted Skunk

Spray predators with strong musk

Sharp claws for climbing trees and digging for larva

Died varies with seasons as food availability fluctuates

Keen sense of smell → helps find grubs + other food

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Chamise

Shrub one of the most widespread plants of the chaparral biome

Evergreen shrub

Wide-spreading and deep roots --> anchoring slopes + resisting erosion

Host plant for common root parasite Chaparral Broomrape

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Chaparral is considered by many to be wasteland with too many fires. Therefore it is not treated as land that needs to be conserved and urban developments have taken much of this biome's former range. Furthermore, due to the highly flammable nature of chaparral, anthropogenic fires destroy large sections of this biome in California as well. Finally, the climate change that humans are causing lead to more droughts which hurts the plants, and even more fires.

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Dominant Vegetation: Brittle-leaved Manzanita 

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Dominant Vegetation: Brittle-leaved Manzanita 

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Found in Santa Cruz

Prevents erosion, recharges groundwater + habitat for various species

Thrives in nutrient poor soils

Some habitats have been destroyed --> fire safety measures

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Occasional fires in the chaparral biome are helpful because they help balance out the living organisms and nonliving organisms. The plants in the chaparral biome contain flammable material yet their barks resist fire

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Chaparral Often seen as dangerous or useless because of fires that are a natural and necessary part of the biome. Chaparral provides great biodiversity in plant species from shrubs to herbs to annuals, along with a habitat for many animals. The important ecosystem services chaparral provide include a place for groundwater to replenish and it prevents erosion.

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Deep-rooted

Drought + fire-adapted evergreen shrubs

Growing on coarse-textured soils w/limited water holding capacity

Often small, leathery, thick, fuzzy and/or waxy

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Animals must develop adaptations for:

Surviving extreme heat and arid climate during the day

Cooler nights

Water retainment

Poorer soil

Severe drought

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https://drought.unl.edu/Climographs.aspx

https://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/chaparral.php

https://www.britannica.com/plant/chaparral

https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/C/CHAPARRAL.html#:~:text=The%20Chaparral%20series%20consists%20of,from%202%20to%205%20percent.

https://chaparral2017.wordpress.com/2017/05/08/biodiversity/

https://animalcorner.org/biomes/chaparral/

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fwhsa%2Flearn%2Fnature%2Fblack-tailed-jackrabbit.htm&psig=AOvVaw3CPzVS7BN4LRzmyKoxVxNd&ust=1703252354362000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCNDB0M_ToIMDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

https://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/swnewsmedia.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/5/d5/5d5d8f4a-4ee7-5a35-99e5-796b6cfee468/5b19a27435ed4.image.jpg?resize=1200%2C800

https://serc.carleton.edu/eslabs/drought/3b.html

https://www.californiachaparral.org/chaparral/

https://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/chaparral.php#google_vignette

https://calscape.org/Adenostoma-fasciculatum-()

https://calscape.com/ExtData/allimages/Photos/Adenostoma_fasciculatum_image47.jpg

https://greyhayes.net/2021/11/29/brittle-leaved-manzanita-chaparral/

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fmarlinharms%2F26064156698&psig=AOvVaw1IRh5PUvT2krGq7JqyJy05&ust=1703253224795000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCLj_w-7WoIMDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAN

https://mediterraneanshrub.weebly.com/animals.html

https://cdn.britannica.com/10/220710-050-F66B6900/Chaparral-vegetation-along-hiking-trail-in-California-mountains.jpg

https://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/nature/chaparral.htm#:~:text=Chaparral%2C%20the%20dominant%20vegetation%20community,with%20limited%20water%20holding%20capacity.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fchaparral2017.wordpress.com%2F2017%2F05%2F08%2Fbiodiversity%2F&psig=AOvVaw3p2GDreDBBdbHUjoCH4bZp&ust=1703253979404000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCLCYr9fZoIMDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD