# data[].attributes.body
Apple iPhone Component Manufacturers - Design of the phone is made by Apple but certain components of the phone are purchased from other companies. Some parts such as the processor are design and developed by Apple but is manufactured by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). Most iPhones are also assembled in China by Foxconn.

# data[].attributes.body
Most powerplant buy turbines/diesel engine. They purchase turbines from manufacturer and outsource all other auxiliaries part for the plant.

Some of the turbine manufacturer: General Electric, Siemens, Mitsubishi, Hangzhou Steam turbine and boiler

EDG: Daihatsu, caterpillar

# data[].attributes.body
The robotic arm (KUKA) is bought for system integration purposes and will be applied to automotive and pick-and-place applications. In the case of a make-or-buy decision, manufacturers will fabricate the aluminium profile (make decision). The components that the manufacturers need to buy are a gripper, scanner, DC motor, end effectors, and sensors (Buy decision). With the components set, assembly and testing will take place before implementing to the field of automotive and pick-and-place application.

# data[].attributes.body
Dell relies on a complex global supply chain to manufacture and distribute its laptops. Dell sources components from various suppliers globally. These components include processors, memory, storage devices, displays, and other hardware components.

Engineers and designers in Dell work on creating specifications and designs for the new laptops, considering factors such as performance, size, weight, features, and user experience.

Dell have manufacturing facilities in different locations globally. Assembly involves putting together all the components in a precise manner according to the design specifications.

# data[].attributes.body
Betamek Sdn Bhd is a Tier-1 electronic manufacturing service (EMS) provider specialising in designing and manufacturing automotive electronics and components including multimedia infotainment systems, digital instrument clusters and custom components. Notably, Betamek Sdn Bhd is a recognized supplier of digital infotainment systems for Perodua's car models. Upon receiving these systems from Betamek, Perodua seamlessly integrates them into their vehicles

# data[].attributes.body
Toyota, the second-biggest car manufacturer world-wide, buy their components from different suppliers to craft their vehicles. Toyota design and develop their own cars, but they rely on essential components from specific suppliers. Denso Corporation, a crucial Tier 1 supplier, specializes in providing electronic components like sensors and engine control units. Aichi Steel, another important Tier 2 supplier, contributes high-quality steel for the vehicle structures. Bridgestone Corporation, also a Tier 2 supplier, manufactures the tires and rubber components. Toyota oversees the final assembly, bringing together components from these various suppliers to create the finished cars. Following the principles of the Toyota Production System, the company prioritizes efficient manufacturing, ensuring a high standard of quality throughout their vehicles.

# data[].attributes.body
HP invests in the design and development of its printer models. This involves conceptualizing the printer's design, functionality, print quality, speed, connectivity options, and user interface. The company sources various components and materials from suppliers to assemble their printers. The components include print heads,head cartridges, paper feed components, electronics, control boards and connectivity modules. Once the components are obtained, HP or its manufacturing partners assemble these parts into the final printers. The assembly process involves integrating these components into the printer chassis. By having this strategy, HP maintains control over quality while focusing on innovation and design to deliver printers that meet the diverse requirements of consumers and businesses.

# data[].attributes.body
BMW, renowned for its commitment to engineering excellence, adopts a comprehensive approach to manufacturing, producing critical components such as engines and drivetrain systems in-house to ensure a seamless integration of performance across its diverse vehicle lineup, spanning from nimble compact cars to robust SUVs.

Concurrently, BMW strategically collaborates with Brembo, a globally acclaimed specialist in braking systems, to elevate the braking performance of its vehicles. While BMW's in-house manufacturing prowess extends to the design and production of engines, Brembo's expertise comes to the forefront in delivering precision-engineered braking components, exemplifying a strategic partnership that combines internal capabilities with external specialization to craft vehicles of exceptional quality and performance.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sdn Bhd (Perodua)

# data[].attributes.body
Perodua buys raw materials from a large number of suppliers for its manufacturing plant to produce the final output. Suppliers like Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. (for engine and engine parts); Akashi Kikai Industry (M) Sdn. Bhd. (for four-speed electronic automatic transmission (E-AT) and five-speed manual gearbox); EP Manufacturing Bhd. (for stamping components); and Petronas Lubricants Marketing (M) Sdn. Bhd. (for engine oil) have major influence in Perodua marketing efforts. They are selected based on their products quality value, adhering to the required specifications, providing timely delivery schedule and offering competitive price.

As an expertise in their own market and industry, they can then provide the best suggestions on new materials available. Perodua must maintain the flow of production materials within a reasonable and low cost to its manufacturing plant in order for the customers being able to buy Perodua cars at affordable price.

# data[].attributes.body
Tesla design and make the parts by themselves. This allow for making more agile design changes in the middle of product life-cycle. Tesla write software and create more hardware compared to its competitor.

Tesla is also able to to substitute other chips for others in short supply. Since the software is designed in-house, this should not be a problem if chips are in short supply. They can redesign the software in such a way the chip can handle the task without any issue in moment notice.

Full Self Driving (FSD) is a feature in Tesla's car in which the car is able to drive by itself to the destination. Since Tesla design the software and technologies, this put Tesla way ahead of its FSD competitor. By doing this, they are able in securing the software by themselves, raise safety concern and stay way ahead from its competitor.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Camera modules in smartphone manufacturing

# data[].attributes.body
If the company decides to make camera modules in-house, it would invest in the expertise, technology, and production facilities necessary for manufacturing these components. This choice might offer greater control over design specifications, customization, and quality assurance. However, it could involve significant upfront costs, time, and ongoing operational expenses.

Opting to buy camera modules from an external supplier means the company relies on specialized manufacturers for this specific component. This choice could lead to cost savings due to the supplier’s economies of scale, as well as potential benefits from the supplier’s expertise in camera module production. However, the company might have less control over design variations and could be vulnerable to supply chain disruptions or quality issues from the supplier.

# data[].attributes.body
Ford Motor Company strategically employs a make-and-buy decision approach in its manufacturing processes. While Ford retains in-house production for critical components like engines, emphasizing control over core technologies and quality, the company also makes strategic decisions to buy certain non-core components from external suppliers. This hybrid strategy allows Ford to leverage external expertise and economies of scale for components such as tires and infotainment systems, contributing to cost efficiency and flexibility in their supply chain. The company's approach reflects a thoughtful balance between maintaining control over key technologies and benefiting from external specialization in specific areas of the manufacturing process.

# data[].attributes.body
Samsung Supply Chain

Samsung and its Tier 1 suppliers share a mutually dependent relationship, creating a balanced power dynamic. Although Samsung maintains control, the equal power dynamics arise from specific assets developed over their long-term partnership. This mutual dependence reduces transaction costs. Switching suppliers would be costly for Samsung due to the time invested in building these relationships. Samsung's need to sustain and improve them for the company's business model and long-term success.Tier 1 suppliers have to control Tier 2 operations. This power dynamic allows Tier 1 suppliers, including Samsung, to exploit their market influence, hindering improvements in operations. In the buyer-driven chain, the lead firm (Samsung) and Tier 1 suppliers have more power, while Tier 2 suppliers have less. Samsung benefits from this setup but deals with higher monitoring costs. To manage Tier 2 operations, Samsung relies on a strong relationship with Tier 1 suppliers.

# data[].attributes.body
Laptop manufacturers usually outsource the components for their laptops. However, some companies made some parts of the laptop by themselves, not relying solely on products from other companies. For example, Asus outsources its CPU from Intel or AMD, its graphics card from Nvidia or AMD, and its screen panel from Samsung. However, Asus made their motherboard, wi-fi card, and casing by themselves. The outsourced and in-house-made components will be assembled by them and sold to customers.

# data[].attributes.body
Daikin, one of the world's top air conditioner makers, will make its own core components, including parts that help conserve energy, and also subcontract the other part such as large steel part or valves to other companies. Besides, the other core components is made by Daikin itself including printed circuit boards, motor etc.

# data[].attributes.body
American Air Filter (AAF), the world leading air filter manufacturer designs and make air filter by its own. They also produce fan filter unit in-house. The body of the fan filter unit is make in-house using machine such as bench press, spot welding machine etc. Besides, they also purchase some components such as motor, PCB from other suppliers. Buying components from suppliers can reduce the initial capital investment of a product. Besides, outsourcing also allow collaboration with other companies to bring in fresh perspectives and accelerate innovation.

# data[].attributes.body
The LEGO Group is a Danish toy company known for its iconic plastic interlocking bricks. Founded in 1932, LEGO has expanded its product range to include various themed sets, promoting creativity and imaginative play among children and adults worldwide.

Lego's make-or-buy decision is based on their desire to best satisfy their design and quality conformance. They have chosen to produce their products in Europe and the US in order to achieve this goal. By manufacturing their products in-house, Lego has greater control over the production process and can ensure that their products meet their high standards. This decision contributes to their success by allowing them to maintain the quality and consistency of their products, which is a key factor in their brand reputation and customer loyalty.

# data[].attributes.body
Ferrari, known for its high-performance sports cars, faces the "make or buy" decision regarding various components and technologies.

For instance, Ferrari might face this decision when it comes to their engines. Traditionally, Ferrari has been renowned for designing and manufacturing their own engines in-house. Their engines are a significant part of their brand identity, embodying the performance, sound, and engineering excellence associated with Ferrari.

However, as the automotive industry evolves, they might consider partnerships or collaborations for certain components or technologies. Although Ferrari's engines are a core element of their brand, they could still explore collaborations with other companies, especially in areas like hybrid or electric powertrains. This could involve partnering with specialized companies that excel in electric or hybrid technology to complement their expertise and possibly expedite the development of high-performance electric vehicles while maintaining the Ferrari brand essence.

The decision for Ferrari to make or buy certain components involves assessing their core competencies, technological advancements, market demands, and regulatory requirements. While they may retain the expertise and heritage of crafting their iconic engines in-house, they might selectively collaborate or source certain components externally to stay competitive in the evolving automotive landscape.

# data[].attributes.body
Nike has no manufacturing plants of its own but chooses to outsource over 90% of its footwear and apparel production and rely on a network of contract manufacturers from Philippines, Vietnam, China, Indonesia, and Taiwan to handle the actual stitching and assembly. There are 500,000 people worldwide involved in the production of Nike footwear.

However, they strategically make certain components and products in-house. For instance, they have facilities dedicated to research and development, creating cutting-edge materials and technologies like Flyknit and Air Max. This vertical integration gives them control over critical aspects of their products and fuels their innovative spirit.

# data[].attributes.body
SAMSUNG is one of the global leaders in electronics and technology, employing a strategic blend of "Make" and "buy" in its complex manufacturing process.

SAMSUNG "Make" Core technologies and Advanced Equipments. SAMSUNG prioritizes in-house production of critical components like semiconductors, OLED displays, and NAND flash memory. Samsung also makes a significant portion of its semiconductor fabrication equipment.

SAMSUNG "Buy" Non-Core Components for less critical parts and materials, Samsung outsources production to specialized suppliers and Labor-intensive Manufacturing for labor-intensive processes like assembling smartphones and other devices, Samsung utilizes contract manufacturers, primarily in countries with lower labor costs.

Throughout SAMSUNG's efficient strategic in-process manufacturing, SAMSUNG managed to maintain high-quality standards is paramount. Samsung chooses suppliers with proven track records and invests in quality control measures throughout the supply chain. Overall, Samsung's "make or buy" strategy is a dynamic and complex balancing act.

# data[].attributes.body
For Samsung Galaxy smartphones, Samsung Foundry developed and manufactured its mobile processor called Exynos while still using the Qualcomm Snapdragon chipset. Depending on the market region, for the same phone model might have different chipsets. For example, for the US market, Samsung S21 was powered by the Snapdragon 888 chipset while the European market was powered by the Exynos 2100. Both processors have relatively the same performance but the Snapdragon has been the better performer in recent years.

Samsung intends to diversify its suppliers and lessen its reliance on third-party semiconductor manufacturers such as Qualcomm. Samsung may have better control over its hardware components by employing Exynos CPUs.

# data[].attributes.body
Lenovo has invested in innovative design and manufacture its own laptops, making them sleek, modern, and attractive to users. Furthermore, Lenovo has formed strategic partnerships with industry leaders, such as Intel, NVIDIA, and Microsoft, to collaborate and integrate their technology into Lenovo’s laptops. These collaborations ensure that Lenovo’s laptops are equipped with the latest and best technology.

# data[].attributes.body
Apple designs and manufactures its own custom processors (like the A-series chips) for its iPhones, iPads, and other devices. The company has a dedicated team of engineers and a state-of-the-art semiconductor fabrication facility. By designing and manufacturing its own processors, Apple can achieve a high level of integration between hardware and software. This integration allows for better optimization of performance, power efficiency, and overall user experience. Apple can fine-tune the processors to work seamlessly with its operating system, iOS.

While Apple designs its own display technologies, it sources the actual display components from external suppliers. Companies like Samsung and LG provide Apple with high-quality displays for products like the iPhone and iPad. Outsourcing display manufacturing allows Apple to benefit from the expertise of specialized suppliers and focus on other aspects of product development. Apple can focus on its core competencies, such as product design, software development, and user experience, by relying on external suppliers for displays. This allows Apple to allocate resources strategically and concentrate on areas where it has a competitive advantage.

# data[].attributes.body
Tesla has traditionally followed a strategy of vertical integration, producing many key components in-house.

Tesla is known for its investment in Gigafactories dedicated to battery production. The company manufactures its electric vehicle batteries, including the advanced battery cells. This vertical integration allows Tesla to have control over battery technology and production.

Tesla designs and manufactures its electric drivetrain components, such as electric motors and power electronics. This in-house approach enables the company to optimize the performance and efficiency of its vehicles.

Tesla has its own manufacturing facilities, often referred to as Gigafactories, where it produces electric vehicles from start to finish. This includes the stamping, welding, painting, and assembly of vehicle components.

Tesla develops its software, including the Autopilot feature, in-house. The company places a strong emphasis on software as a differentiator and continuously updates vehicle features through over-the-air software updates.

While Tesla vertically integrates many aspects of its production, it may still source certain components from external suppliers. The degree of vertical integration can vary across different parts of the manufacturing process.

# data[].attributes.body
Steelcase Inc. has engaged in various business relationships to outsource different aspects of its operations. Notably, it has established partnerships with IT channel partners, including VARs (Value-Added Resellers), MSPs (Managed Service Providers), and solution providers globally. This strategic move is designed to enhance collaboration and innovation in the workplace, particularly with products like Steelcase Roam and Microsoft Surface Hub 2.

The company has entered into global distribution agreements with several firms to expand its reach and capabilities. These include Ingram Micro Inc., Synnex, and Tech Data. These partnerships aim to leverage the sales strength and value creation of these IT channel partners to improve organizational collaboration and efficiency. Such relationships demonstrate Steelcase's commitment to integrating advanced technology solutions and facilitating a more collaborative and dynamic work environment.

# data[].attributes.body
Takata Corporation (株式会社タカタ, Kabushiki Gaisha Takata) was a Japanese automotive components company with operational facilities across four continents, including its European headquarters situated in Germany. Many automotive manufacturers chose Takata Corporation as their key partner for producing airbags, some of brands including Acura, Audi, BMW, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Chrysler, Daimler Trucks North America, Daimler Vans USA LLC, Dodge/Ram, Ferrari, Ford, GMC, Honda, Infiniti, Jaguar, Jeep, Land Rover, Lexus, Lincoln, Mazda, McLaren, Mercedes-Benz, Mercury, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn, Scion, Subaru, and Toyota. In 2013, a succession of fatalities and injuries associated with faulty Takata airbag inflators, manufactured at their plant in Mexico, prompted an initial recall encompassing 3.6 million vehicles equipped with such airbags. Subsequent occurrences necessitated the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to mandate an ongoing, nationwide recall affecting in excess of 42 million vehicles, constituting the most extensive automotive recall in the history of the United States. In June 2017, Takata filed for bankruptcy, subsequently undergoing acquisition by Key Safety Systems.

# data[].attributes.body
Volkswagen is a German automobile manufacturer headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. They employed a strategic blend of make and buy in manufacturing the latest model of the new Golf R.

Volkswagen bought the new Akrapovič exhaust system, a lightweight titanium-crafted symphony that serenades the streets while shedding 7kg off the ride. Customers can enjoy the freedom of precise control, boosted efficiency and an unmistakable robust sound. This is due to the good quality, customer choice and focused engineering products offered by Akrapovič Company.

Volkswagen makes the newest and fastest engine for the Golf R, the most powerful Golf ever produced. With a 2.0TSI engine packing 320 PS and 400 Nm of torque alongside a 7-speed DSG transmission, the new Golf R can reach a top speed of 250 km/h and accelerate from 0-100 km/h in only 4.8 seconds. They also offer the latest technology, good design and performance, safety and comfort for their latest Golf R. They have the capabilities and skills to control and upgrade the engines and tune them, as they are their engines and systems.

# data[].attributes.body
BMW is a German multinational manufacturer of luxury vehicles and motorcycles. Some BMW parts are branded by BMW, however, it does not mean that they are manufactured by BMW. BMW outsources the majority of the part manufacturing, so very rarely is a genuine part ever actually manufactured by BMW. Genuine BMW parts are manufactured by, and only by, the manufacturer that BMW chose to manufacture the part. BMW holds these companies to extremely high quality standards, so the parts are usually of the best, original equipment, quality.

# data[].attributes.body
Puma's "make or buy" strategy involves decisions about whether to manufacture certain components or products in-house (make) or purchase them from external suppliers (buy). Companies like Puma consider factors such as cost, expertise, quality control, flexibility, and market conditions when making these decisions. They might choose to make certain items in-house to control quality or due to a focus on core competencies, while outsourcing other aspects for cost efficiency or flexibility.