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In 1300 B.C The Chinese recorded the appearance of a supernova, which was a record used by modern astronomers that match up ancient novas with the remnants detected today. Chinese records of sunspots have also helped present-day astronomers study variations in solar activity.

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Source: Google, SciShow Video: How we figured out Earth revolves around the Sun.

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Around the 4th Century B.C, Aristotle had made one of the very first models of our solar system which was the Geocentric model. The theory of this model was that Earth was the very center of the Universe and everything revolved around the Earth in perfect circles. On the other hand, this model lacked ability to show how or why planets would get brighter or dimmer. Aristotle failed to explain retrograde motion.

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Source: Google, SciShow Video: How we figured out Earth revolves around the Sun.

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Just like Aristotle did, Ptolemy believed in the Geocentric Model but he noticed some inconsistencies in the model so he modified it in an attempt to explain retrograde motion which Aristotle failed to do. Ptolemy's model explained that planets would rotate and revolve in perfect circles but he also failed as planets dont move in perfect circles.

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Source: Google, SciShow Video: How we figured out Earth revolves around the Sun.

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Copernicus was the first person to create the Heliocentric Model in Europe. This model explained that the sun was at the center of the universe. The issue with this Heliocentric model is that the planets are rotating in perfect circles and not ellipses. Failed to predict how the planets would actually move.

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Source: Google, SciShow Video: How we figured out Earth revolves around the Sun.

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Johannes Kepler who believed in the Heliocentric model noticed something that Copernicus couldn't. Through his observations he developed the 3 laws of Planetary motion and used it to create a new model. This model showed the planets orbiting in ellipses but later on Kepler's laws were deemed incorrect.

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Image from SciShow Space Video Info:  SciShow Video: How we figured out Earth revolves around the Sun.

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Galileo, the inventor of the telescope used his invention to prove that geocentric models were incorrect. With his new invention he discovered Jupiter's moons, that are now called the Galilean moons and when he looked at Venus he noticed that it had phases like our moon and it would change sizes in those phases. He made many observations like this such as sun spots. His main flaw was him misinterpreting the tides because they do not come from Earths inconsistent revolution.

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In 1668, Issac Newton decided to build his own kind of telescope which was one of a kind featuring mirrors over lenses. This new telescope became superior to Galileo's because it portrayed color and magnify a lot better and it was a huge advancement as it helped us get a good grasp and idea of how planets really looked.

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William Anders was an astronaut on the Apollo 8 who took the first ever picture of Earth. This gave us a deep understanding of what our planet really looked like.