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It is also known as the Floreana constitution, created by the first president of Ecuador, Juan José Flores. It laid foundational legal and governmental structures, prioritizing a unicameral legislature and emphasizing a government established through indirect elections. This period signaled the start of Ecuador's ongoing struggle between civilian and clerical powers, illustrating the competing priorities of the Sierra's Conservatives (church interests) and the Costa's Liberals (anticlerism).

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The Marcist Revolution in 1845 marked a turning point, introducing substantial changes to the constitution that reflected a more liberal orientation. It was characterized by the reduction of clerical power in government and the promotion of civil liberties, signaling a shift in power dynamics between Conservatives and Liberals. This period also emphasized the importance of education and citizens' rights in the formation of a more representative and equitable state.

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President Gabriel García Moreno, an emblematic figure of Ecuadorian conservatism, assumed power in 1861 and promulgated a new constitution that strengthened the role of the church in the state, contravening previous liberal tendencies. His government was characterized by the implementation of educational policies governed by the church, marking a retreat from church-state separation and emphasizing education as a tool for social influence.

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This constitution was promulgated by General José Eloy Alfaro Delgado, prohibited religious orders, abolished privileges of the Catholic Church, and reduced the male voting age to eighteen (or marital status). Alfaro, known as the Old Fighter, pushed for significant social and educational reforms, advocating for a more inclusive and equitable society.

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The country's twelfth and most durable charter, provided unprecedented protection of civil and political rights and guarantees, including abolition of the death penalty, introduced new individual freedoms, and prohibited arbitrary imprisonment for debts. It also established the separation of the church and state and strengthened the Council of State. The 1906 Elections Law gave women the right for the first time to participate in political and administrative life

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This constitution combined quasicorporate features drawn from many different models. Described as a semiparliamentary charter, it reorganized the Senate into a body consisting of fifteen senators elected to represent specific interest groups. This document also introduced various social, economic, and political rights, including the right of literate women of at least twenty-one years of age to have citizenship and to vote, and the right of minorities to elect deputies and provincial councillors (consejeros provinciales).

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1945: Constitutional reforms in the centenary

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1945: Constitutional reforms in the centenary

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Coinciding with the centenary of the Battle of Pichincha, 1945 witnessed constitutional reforms that emphasized labor and social rights. These reforms were driven by an economic and social context that demanded greater social justice and representation. Education began to be seen as a fundamental right for all citizens, marking a turning point in the fight for equality and equity in Ecuador.

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1978: Return to democracy and new constitution

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1978: Return to democracy and new constitution

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After years of military rule, 1978 marked Ecuador's return to democracy with the promulgation of a new constitution. This constitution modernized the structure of the state, reinforcing civil liberties and promoting a mixed economy. The emphasis on education continued, with the constitution guaranteeing access to free and compulsory education for all children. This period also saw the strengthening of the rights of women and minorities.

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The 1998 constitution introduced important reforms to deepen democracy in Ecuador, guaranteeing greater citizen participation and strengthening democratic institutions. This legal framework also promoted respect for human rights, gender equality and environmental protection, reflecting a commitment to democratic values and sustainable development.

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Adopted in Montecristi, the 2008 constitution is considered one of the most progressive in Latin America, recognizing the rights of nature and establishing a plurinational and intercultural state model. Under the presidency of Rafael Correa, investment in education, health and infrastructure was emphasized as pillars for socioeconomic development, along with greater social and political inclusion.

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In 2011, a judicial reform prompted by the referendum proposed by President Rafael Correa sought to modernize and strengthen Ecuador's judicial system. This reform aimed to improve the efficiency and transparency of the system, as well as guarantee greater accessibility to justice for all Ecuadorians, marking an important advance in the consolidation of democratic institutions and the rule of law.

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2021: New constitutional amendments under the presidency of Guillermo Lasso

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2021: New constitutional amendments under the presidency of Guillermo Lasso

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During the presidency of Guillermo Lasso, in 2021, Ecuador experienced the implementation of new constitutional amendments focused on economic liberalization, attracting foreign investments, and promoting education and health as fundamental axes for national development. These amendments reflect an approach focused on the progress and modernization of the country.