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If I was the richest person on earth, I would donate some money.

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If I go to Zermatt, I'll take a look at the Matterhorn. 

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If I go to Zermatt, I'll take a look at the Matterhorn. 

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If I go to Istanbul, I will go to the grand market. 

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If I go to Istanbul, I will go to the grand market. 

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If I can't sleep at night, I read on my book.

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If I can't sleep at night, I read on my book.

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English grammar exercise about the second conditional

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English grammar exercise about the first conditional

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Look at these examples to see how zero, first and second conditionals are used.

If you freeze water, it becomes solid.
If it rains tomorrow, I'll take the car.
If I lived closer to the cinema, I would go more often.

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

Conditionals describe the result of a certain condition. The if clause tells you the condition ( If you study hard) and the main clause tells you the result ( you will pass your exams). The order of the clauses does not change the meaning.

If you study hard, you will pass your exams.
You will pass your exams if you study hard.

Conditional sentences are often divided into different types.

Zero conditional

We use the zero conditional to talk about things that are generally true, especially for laws and rules.

If I drink too much coffee, I can't sleep at night.
Ice melts if you heat it.
When the sun goes down, it gets dark.

The structure is: if/w hen + present simple >> present simple.

First conditional

We use the first conditional when we talk about future situations we believe are real or possible.

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.
Arsenal will be top of the league if they win.
When I finish work, I'll call you.

In first conditional sentences, the structure is usually: if/ when + present simple >> will + infinitive.

It is also common to use this structure with unless, as long as, as soon as or in case instead of if.

I'll leave as soon as the babysitter arrives.
I don't want to stay in London unless I get a well-paid job.
I'll give you a key in case I'm not at home.
You can go to the party, as long as you're back by midnight.

Second conditional

The second conditional is used to imagine present or future situations that are impossible or unlikely in reality.

If we had a garden, we could have a cat.
If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country.
I wouldn't worry if I were you.

The structure is usually: if + past simple >> + would + infinitive.

When if is followed by the verb be, it is grammatically correct to say if I were, if he were, if she were and if it were. However, it is also common to hear these structures with was, especially in the he/ she form.

If I were you, I wouldn't mention it.
If she was prime minister, she would invest more money in schools.
He would travel more if he was younger.

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Language level

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Do you know how to use the zero, first and second conditionals? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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Play Kahoot! - Enter game PIN here!

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Join a game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn – any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!

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In the comment section, write your response to any of these questions (add a reason):

1. If you could meet a famous person from any time or place, who would you meet?

2. What would you do if you were the richest person in the world?

3. If you were famous, what would you be famous for?

4. What year would you travel to if you had a time machine?

5. If you could change one thing from the past, what would it be?

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In the comment section, write your response to 2 of the questions. For example:

If I get a headache, I take an aspirin.

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In the comment section, write what you'll do if you go to 3 different places. For example:

If I go to India, I will visit the Taj Mahal

I will eat haggis if I go to Scotland

If I go to Australia, I will surf Bells Beach