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A curved plastic device inserted into the mouth to prevent the tongue from blocking the airway in an unconscious patient with no gag reflex.

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An oropharyngeal airway (OPA) is a medical device used to maintain an open airway. It would be used in unconscious or inadequately breathing patients and assist in performing CPR. The main contraindication for the usage of an OPA is the presence of a gag reflex, along with oral trauma or foreign body obstruction of the airway.

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A flexible rubber or plastic tube inserted through the nostril into the nasopharynx to maintain an open airway in patients with an intact gag reflex.

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A Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA) is a flexible tube inserted through the nose and into the pharynx to maintain a patent airway in a patient who is spontaneously breathing but at risk of airway obstruction, particularly if the soft tissue of the upper airway is blocking airflow. Contraindications for NPA use include skull fracture and facial trauma due to the risk of inserting the airway into the brain.

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A mechanical or manual device used to clear secretions, vomit, or blood from a patient’s airway to prevent aspiration.

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A suction unit, also known as an aspirator, is a medical device used to remove obstructions from a person's airway, such as mucus, saliva, blood, or other secretions. Contraindications for using a suction unit would be patients who are elderly or in infancy.

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A hand-held ventilation device used to provide positive pressure ventilations to patients who are not breathing adequately or at all.

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A Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) is used to provide manual ventilation when a patient is unable to breathe adequately on their own or is experiencing respiratory distress. Absolute contraindications include complete upper airway obstruction and conditions that increase the risk of aspiration

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Manual techniques to open the airway in unconscious patients. Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift is used when no spinal injury is suspected. Jaw-Thrust is used for suspected spinal trauma.

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Manual airway maneuvers, specifically the head-tilt/chin-lift and jaw-thrust maneuvers, are used to open a patient's airway when it is obstructed or potentially compromised. You shouldn't perform these procedures if there is suspected cervical spine injury or if you are dealing with a conscious patient who has an intact gag reflex.