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Computer Assisted Language Learning refers to the use of computer technology to support and improve the process of teaching and learning a language.

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Computer-mediated communication refers to human communication that occurs through networked computers or other electronic devices.

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Techniques to make linguistic features more noticeable, such as bolding, highlighting, or using multimedia (audio/video) in language instruction.

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The study of how language forms are used to convey meaning in context (e.g., speech acts, politeness strategies).

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The study of how social and cultural norms influence language use (e.g., appropriateness of compliments in different cultures).

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Online collaborative learning between geographically dispersed learners or experts, often for intercultural exchange.

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Learners' conscious understanding of how language functions in social contexts, often developed through explicit instruction.

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Real-time communication (e.g., video calls, live chat) where participants engage simultaneously.

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Multi-User Virtual Environment is a digital space where users interact via avatars (e.g., Second Life, Croquelandia) for simulated social practice.

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Delayed communication (e.g., email, forums) where participants respond at different times.

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Mobile-Assisted Language Learning refers to language learning facilitated by mobile devices (e.g., apps, games).

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Rules for polite and effective online communication, including cultural norms in digital spaces.

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Instructional support (e.g., hints, feedback) tailored to learners’ needs, often embedded in digital tools.

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A framework categorizing cognitive skills (remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, creating) used to design tasks at varying difficulty levels.

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The process by which learners acquire pragmatic norms through participation in a community’s practices, including virtual interactions.