# data[].attributes.body
Step 1

Look at the following paragraph taken from the Big Brands essay and underline all examples of referencing that you can find.
(Ritzer, 2004), Klein (1999), Ritzer (2004), (Ritzer, 2004), (Ritzer, 2004, p. 78).

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Step 2

1. Why is there referencing in this paragraph?
To indicate where such information was taken from

2. What does the use of referencing show?
That the author is supporting their arguments with verifiable evidence.

3. There are three main ways to reference shown in this paragraph. What are they?

In text, in parenthesis and with the inclusion of a page number

4. Why might you choose to use each of these three ways of referencing? What is the difference between them?

In-text references can be used to explain the position of an author. Parenthesis references are used to introduce facts. Page number references are used to add direct quotations.

5. Why might you choose to include a quote? Is it always appropriate to include a quote in academic writing?
Because the text is difficult to paraphrase. There is a limit of material that can be quotated.

6. Is it possible to have too many references in academic writing?

Yes, when references that do not relate to the topic are added.

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Step 4

Text 1: Lamb, A.  (2007, p. 13)
-       Massive corporate campaign contributions in national elections threat authority of nation states.
-       2005 US Pres election had $5B+ in private sector funds.
-       Private contributions come with conditions.
-       Bush refused to legislate on environment protection, he was funded by oil and gas companies.

Text 2: Hamilton, E. (2005, p. 10)
-       Corporations are accused of being immoral.

-       Corps are focused on self-interests and profits, with no ethics.

-       Corps inflict damage without remorse.

-       Corps answer to shareholders only, they don’t consider human rights and other issues.

-       Corps are potentially harmful.

# data[].attributes.body
Step 1
(Ritzer, 2004), Klein (1999), (Ritzer, 2004, p. 78).
Step 2

1. Why is there referencing in this paragraph? Because the information and examples don't belong to the essay author's

2. What does the use of referencing show? Where we can find the original information, who is the author, and when it was published.

3. There are three main ways to reference shown in this paragraph. What are they? Long quoting: short quoting and paraphrasing.

4. Why might you choose to use each of these three ways of referencing? What is the difference between them? long Quotation: Usually first mention the author's name before the information
Short quotation: Uses words from the original text but short information and the reference is written at the end.
paraphrasing: Use your own words about information from another author

5. Why might you choose to include a quote? Is it always appropriate to include a quote in academic writing? When using information from another author we have to quote because we have to provide where the information is coming from.

6. Is it possible to have too many references in academic writing? I don't think there is a limit to using references but for me the more the better.

# data[].attributes.body
Step 1
Look at the following paragraph taken from the Big Brands essay and underline all examples of referencing that you can find.
(Ritzer, 2004), Klein (1999), Ritzer (2004), (Ritzer, 2004, p. 78).

Step 2
1. Why is there referencing in this paragraph?
Because the author is trying to prove the origin of the examples given.

2. What does the use of referencing show?
From where the author obtained a piece of information.

3. There are three main ways to reference shown in this paragraph. What are they?

Providing the author´s surname and the year of publication, both inside a parenthesis.

Writing the author´s surname and only the year of publication inside a parenthesis.

Writing the author´s surname, the year of publication and the page number, all inside a parenthesis.

4. Why might you choose to use each of these three ways of referencing? What is the difference between them?

The first way is useful when you need to introduce a concept presented before by the author you are referencing.

The second way is used when introducing an idea by the author, writing before “According to …”

The third way is used when quoting a piece of text written by the original author.

5. Why might you choose to include a quote? Is it always appropriate to include a quote in academic writing?
It can be useful when the writer wants to make a point stronger with a phrase of an important author.

6. Is it possible to have too many references in academic writing?
It is better to have more references but it is important to know how to properly reference them.

Step 3
Your reactions / questions:
I really want to know and study useful ways to avoid committing plagiarism in any form.

Step 5
Your reactions / questions:
What if I write something (my “own” idea) that is pretty similar to what an author wrote before, but I do not reference it because I did not read the information of said author in order to write my “own” idea?

# data[].attributes.body
Step 1

Look at the following paragraph taken from the Big Brands essay and underline all examples of referencing that you can find.
1. (...) of traditional culture (Ritzer, 2004).
2. According to Klein (1999) big brands (...)
3. According to Ritzer (2004) some local (...)
4. (...) and on their lifestyle (Ritzer, 2004).
5. (...) most precious urban area” (Ritzer, 2004, p. 78).

Step 2

1. Why is there referencing in this paragraph?
Because the author is using examples, information, and quotes

2. What does the use of referencing show?
The data source from where de examples, information, and quotes are coming from

3. There are three main ways to reference shown in this paragraph. What are they?
- The information is argued or explained, and the reference is at the end of the sentence: (…) of traditional culture (Ritzer, 2004)
- The information will be analysed, and the reference is at the beginning of the sentence: According to Klein (1999) big brands (…)
- A quote was shown, the reference is at the end of the sentence and this time includes the number of the page where the quote was withdrawn: (…) most precious urban area (Ritzer, 2004, p.78)

4. Why might you choose to use each of these three ways of referencing? What is the difference between them?
I find the first two very similar so I would only use one or another by trying to not being reiterative in my text. The last one I will only use them when I am quoting.

5. Why might you choose to include a quote? Is it always appropriate to include a quote in academic writing?
Yes, it is appropriate. You must not abuse of quoting but sometimes it is great the show the idea of the author quoted just as it was written.

6. Is it possible to have too many references in academic writing?
Of course, the more you investigate or read, the better your work will be.

Step 3

Your reactions / questions:

What are the punishments of plagiarism?

Are there laws on the UK to regulate plagiarism?

Step 4

Text 1

Massive corporate campaing contributions in national elections. Over $5 billion dollars of contributions from the private sector. Example: President Bush receivde large amount of campaing contributions from the oil and gas companies.

Text 2

According to Chomsky (2001) corporations are only focused on their own self-interest and their profit. They answer only to shareholder instead of having consideration for human rights.

Step 5
How can a "paraphrasing" be assessed as good enough to not be considered as plagiarism?

# data[].attributes.body
Step 1
Underline all examples of referencing that you can find:
(Ritzer, 2004)
Klein (1999)
Ritzer (2004)
(Ritzer, 2004)
(Ritzer, 2004, p. 78)

Step 2

1. Why is there referencing in this paragraph?

Your answer:

To show the origin of an idea or information to the readers.

2. What does the use of referencing show?

Your answer:

The reference provides the information and where the readers can find it.

3. There are three main ways to reference shown in this paragraph. What are they?

Your answer:

(Ritzer, 2004), Ritzer (2004), (Ritzer, 2004, p. 78)

4. Why might you choose to use each of these three ways of referencing? What is the difference between them?

Your answer:

-Use the (Ritzer, 2004) type of reference to provide information of someone else work.

-Use Ritzer (2004) when you are referring according to what someone has said.

-Use (Ritzer, 2004, p. 78) to include a quote.

5. Why might you choose to include a quote? Is it always appropriate to include a quote in academic writing?

Your answer:

To write exactly the idea of the author without modifying it.

6. Is it possible to have too many references in academic writing?

Your answer:

Yes, the more the better.

Step 3
Read the information. Your reactions / questions:

How can plagiarism can be unintentional?

Step 4
Imagine you have been given an essay assignment. The title is:
To what extent do corporations present a threat to modern society?

Notes:

through massive corporate campaign contributions in national elections.

corporations are only focused on their own self-interest and they have no capacity for sympathy, empathy or ethical concerns.

Step 5
Your reactions / questions:

- Is there a minimum or maximum number of references we can use?

- How to identify if a work is plagiarism?