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Occipital Lobe

Receives visual inputs

Visual analysis is the first step in reading

Visual Word Form Area

Essential role in the visual analysis of letter and word shape

Visual word form area - The Brain’s Letter Box

Hub for binding together and storing information about printed words.

Orthographic processor

Temporal Lobe

Spoken and written word comprehension as well as phonological awareness and decoding/discriminating sounds.

Inferior Frontal Gyrus

Slower analytic route to reading and is often overactive in atypical readers.

Broca’s Area

Enables humans to perceive, remember, analyze, and articulate or produce speech sounds.

Left Parieto-Temporal Region

Slower analytic route to reading - words are analyzed and sound-symbol association begin to be established.

Wernicke’s Area

A receptive language hub that assists with comprehension and understanding what words mean.

Context and language processor

Parietal Lobe

Perception

Making sense of the world

Sensory- visual input, taste, touch, temperature

The parietal lobe is responsible for spoken and written word comprehension.

The Frontal Lobe

This lobe of the brain is programmed for output and made to receive information.

This works as a ‘conductor,’ and if this area of the brain is strong, then an individual will typically have skills with focus, organization, working memory, and self-monitoring.

Responsible for expressive language.

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Accuracy – The ability to read words with no noticeable cognitive or mental effort. (Automaticity)

The most important factor in fluent reading

Rate – The speed at which a student reads a text.

Much more complex than speed alone

Faster = Better

Reading fast is not the same as reading fluently

Prosody – The pitch, tone, volume, emphasis, and rhythm in speech or oral reading.

The ability to chunk words into appropriate phrases

Prosody may be an outcome, rather than a contributor to comprehension.

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Phonological awareness

Rapid naming

Verbal working memory

Visual-spatial working memory

Processing speed

Non-verbal problem solving

Oral language skills

Receptive language skills

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.Reading requires several major regions on the left half of the brain to perform specific jobs in concert with the others

Lobes in the posterior cortex are wired for input.

Referred to as the reception lobes of the brain.

They are also the short-term and long-term information storage centers of the brain.

Passive processing center of the brain.

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May 16

English Language Development Among American Indian English Learner Students in New Mexico

New Mexico’s Every Student Succeeds Act state plan set the goal for all English learner students to attain English proficiency within five years. The Regional Educational Laboratory Southwest English Learners Research Partnership conducted this study...
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Dec 27

California’s Special Education Local Plan Areas: Funding Patterns, Inclusion Rates, and Student Outcomes

This study examined publicly available data from the 2016/17 school year. Since 2016/17, California’s special education funding and policy contexts have continued to evolve. However, California may want to further examine which regionalized special education...
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Dec 27

Career and Technical Education Credentials in Virginia High Schools: Trends in Attainment and College Enrollment Outcomes

In 2013, the Virginia legislature added a CTE credential requirement to the Standard diploma for students who entered grade 9 for the first time in 2013 or later. The policy focuses on Standard diploma graduates, who are less likely to enroll in, persist...
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Dec 27

Examining the implementation and impact of full-day kindergarten in Oregon

Many states and districts offer full-day kindergarten with the hope that additional learning time will improve student outcomes. In 2015/16, Oregon shifted its funding structure for kindergarten enrollment, which created incentives for districts to offer...
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Dec 27

Branching Out: Using Decision Trees to Inform Education Decisions

Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis is a statistical modeling approach that uses quantitative data to predict future outcomes by generating decision trees. This guide introduces CART analysis as an approach that allows data analysts to...
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Alaska Native Students as English Learner Students: Examining Patterns in Identification, Classification, Service Provision, and Reclassification
This report examines the population of Alaska Native students who are classified as English learner (EL) students and how EL policies function for these students, focusing on EL identification, classification, service provision, and reclassification as...

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The Regional Educational Laboratory Program (REL) consists of a network of ten laboratories that serve the educational needs of a designated region by providing access to high quality scientifically valid education research through applied research and development projects, studies, and other related technical assistance activities.